RESUMEN
Seminar is an effcient teaching method in cultivation of independent thinking and research ability of residents of obstetric and gynecology.On the basis of introducing the concept of seminar,this paper discusses the application and significance of seminar in standardized training of residents.Seminar teaching can develop the capabilities of each resident to probe into and study some new things by themselves.The wide applications of this method also help to improve the abilities of the residents to understand the theoretical knowledge of gynecology and to elevate their comprehensive competence.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endogenous opioid peptide is an important medium and regulator that participate in many physical and pathologic processes of the body. Its relationship with fetal encephalopathy has attracted much attraction.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in fetal distress.DESIGN: A case-control observatory study based on healthy pregnant women.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-three healthy women who were hospitalised in Changzheng Hospital and Changhai Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 40 were normal healthy pregnant women(the control group) and 43 were healthy pregnant women with fetal distress(the fetal distress group).METHODS: Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the levels of blood EOP(β-endorphin, dynorphin A1- 13 and leu-enkephalin) of the venous blood of the pregnant women in fetal distress group and the control group and the EOP level in the umbilical blood of the newborns. Also, blood gas analysis of the blood from the umbilical artery was conducted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of EOP in the venous blood of two groups of pregnant women and the umbilical blood of newborns and the correlation of EOP level with fetal distress.RESULTS: The levels of the umbilical artery blood EOP(β-endorphin,dynorphin A1-13 and leu-enkephalin) in the fetal distress group[(453± 68 ) ng/L, (242 ± 33)ng/L, and(498 ± 68)ng/L respectively] were significantly higher than those in the control group[ (251 ± 39) ng/L, (103± 22 )ng / L and(322 ± 40 )ng / L respectively ( t = 2. 713,2. 762, P＜ 0.01; t = 2. 132, P ＜ 0.05 ) ]. The umbilical artery blood gas analysis;pH was (7.0 ± 0. 1 ) , PO2 was ( 1.7 ± 0.6) kPa, PCO2 was (8.9 ± 0. 7) kPa.The levels of β-endorphin were negatively correlated with pH and PO2 of the umbilical artery blood(r= -0.418 and -0.437, P ＜ 0.01), but they were positively correlated with PCO2( r = 0. 442, P ＜ 0. 05) . The level of dynorphin A1-13 was negatively correlated with pH and PO2( r = -0. 337,-0.383, P ＜ 0.05), but it was positively correlated with PCO2(r= 0. 346, P ＜ 0. 05). There was no significant difference among the three kinds of blood EOP of the two groups( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: EOP participates in the pathological progress of the fetal distress and was closely correlated with the occurrence and development of the fetal distress. This finding has a reference value for early rehabilitation and intervention after the fetal was born that can be tested quantitatively.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of metastasis associated antigen 1 (MTA1) and the biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma. Methods From May 2005 to May 2007, 30 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 20 patients with normal endometrial tissues, were admitted to Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University for surgical treatment were involved in the present study. The expression of MAT1 mRNA in two different groups was detected by real-time RT-PCR, and of MAT1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method and Western blotting. The relationship between their expression and pathological features were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of MTA1 protein was 80% in endometrial carcinoma group, which was significantly higher than that in control group (30%, P0.05). Conclusion The expression of MTA1 might play a potential role in the pathogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma, and it might be a novel target for the therapy and prognostic indicator of endometrial carcinoma.
RESUMEN
Objective To study the anatomical relationship between the umbilicus and the retroperitoneal major vessels. Methods A total of 80 female patients undergoing laparoscopy in our department were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their body mass index (BMI):low-weight group,normal-weight group,overweight group,and obese group. During the operation,the surgeons palpated the abdominal aorta,right common iliac artery,and left common iliac artery with hand to determine their relationship to the umbilicus. The abdominal aortic bifurcation was used as a reference point to determine its position in relation to the umbilicus. Results (1) The bifurcation was above the level of the umbilicus in 17 (21.2%) cases,at the umbilicus level in 29 (36.3%) cases,and below that in 34 (42.5%) cases. Among the four groups,the position of the bifurcation was significantly different (?2=16.769,P=0.010). In the overweight and obese groups,most of the patients had the umbilicus located under the level of the aortic bifurcation [65.0% (13/20) and 75.0% (6/8) respectively],while in the normal-weight group,47.6% (20/42) of the cases had the umbilicus above the aortic bifurcation(P