The frequency of oral conditions detected in hematology inpatients

ABSTRACT Background: Oral manifestations may be the first signs of hematologic diseases, and may occur due to the disease itself or to treatment. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and types of oral conditions presented by patients on a hematology ward. Methods: Data were collected by oral examinations during weekly visits to a hematology ward. Six trained dentists performed the oral assessment based on the principles of oral semiology. All patients who accepted to be examined were included in the study. Patients who were unavailable or unable to have oral examinations were excluded. Data were recorded on protocol forms and in the electronic records of the institution. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Seventy-nine patients were included in the analysis; 50.6% were female and the mean age was 41.49 years. The most common reasons for hospitalization were chemotherapy and complications (81%), relapse (13.9%) and pre-transplant preparation (5%). The most frequent underlying diseases were multiple myeloma (17.7%), acute myeloid leukemia (15.4%) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (11.5%). Oral conditions were found in 36 (45.6%) patients, some of whom presented more than one condition. The most common oral conditions were dry lips (12.6%), mucositis (10.1%), petechiae (8.9%) and candidiasis (7.6%). Of the detected oral conditions, 56.9% were related to the underlying disease or chemotherapy and 20.2% were not related to the disease. Conclusion: This study shows the types and frequency of oral conditions observed in hematological inpatients. Awareness of these conditions is important for prevention and planning the care of patients with hematological diseases.

Periradicular lesions in HIV-infected patients attending the faculty of dentistry: clinical findings, socio-demographics status, habits and laboratory data - seeking an association

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected Brazilian patients and to assess the correlation of several factors with the periradicular status. METHOD: One hundred full-mouth periapical radiographs were evaluated. A total of 2,214 teeth were evaluated for the presence of periradicular lesions, caries lesions, coronal restorations, pulp cavity exposure and endodontic treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions was 46%. There were no significant differences between individuals with or without periradicular lesions with respect to their socio-demographic status, habits, laboratory data and route of HIV infection. However, the presence of a periradicular lesion was statistically correlated with the number of teeth with endodontic treatment (p = 0.018), inadequate endodontic treatment (p = 0.025), images suggesting pulp cavity exposure (p = 0.002) and caries lesions (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected individuals was 46% and was not related to HIV infection. .

Association between socioeconomic status and HIV-associated oral lesions in Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2004

The prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions may vary according to socioeconomic status and antiretroviral therapy, among other factors. This study's intent was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic indicators, CD4+ counts and HIV-related oral lesions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of the medical records of HIV-positive patients that attended the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro between 1997 and 2004. Gender, age, mode of HIV transmission, level of education, monthly familial income, CD4+ counts and HIV-related oral lesions were assessed. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used with a level of significance of 5 percent. 254 medical records were reviewed: 83 women and 171 men. Monthly familial income below 2 minimum wages was associated with a higher prevalence of pseudomembranous candidiasis (p = 0.024), while income above 10 minimum wages was associated with a higher prevalence of salivary gland disease (p = 0.021). Lower socioeconomic status was associated with lower CD4+ counts (p = 0.017). In this study, an association was noted between socioeconomic status, immune suppression and prevalence of oral lesions. However, further studies are warranted using other socioeconomic variables in order to better assess this relationship.

Sialotomografia: revisão de literatura e relato de caso clínico / CT Sialography: a review of the literature and case report

A sialotomografia é um excelente modelo para observação e estudo de tumores das glândulas salivares. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar a literatura sobre sialotomografia, descrever seu protocolo de aquisição através de relato de um caso clínico e e discutir suas vantagens e contra-indicações. Paciente do gênero masculino, 33 anos, com aumento de volume indolor, bem definido, em região de glândula parótida esquerda. A associação do uso de meio de contraste à técnica tomográfica permitiu uma avaliação mais precisa dos limites da lesão. Entretanto, a administração de meios de contraste deve ser cautelosa devido às possíveis reações adversas.

Cisto odontogênico calcificante associado a odontoma composto: relato de caso / Calcifying odontogenic cyst associated to compound odontoma: report of a case

O cisto odontogênico calcificante (COe) é um tumor odontogênico, que comumente pode apresentar-se associado a um odontoma. O diagnóstico radiográfico de odontoma faz muitos cirurgiões não enviarem a peça cirúrgica para exame anatomopatológico. Tal conduta pode levar o profissional a ignorar o devido diagnóstico e realizar procedimento inadequado. Neste trabalho relata-se um caso de paciente de 16 anos, onde a única manifestação clínica era a ausência do dente 33. Em exame radiográfico foi detectada lesão radiolúcida, com imagens radiopacas no seu interior. Após a hipótese clínico-radiográfica de odontoma composto, foi realizada a biópsia excisional com preservação do dente 33. O resultado histopatológico foi de COC associado à odontoma composto. O paciente está sendo tratado por ortodontia, sem recidiva da lesão. Será enfatizada ainda a importância da associação de um exame clínico-radiográfico criterioso ao exame histopatológico, para obtenção de um diagnóstico final preciso.

The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is an odontogenic tumor, which is commonly associated to odontomas. However, the radiographic diagnosis of an odontoma might lead the dentist not to send the surgical specimen to microscopic analysis. Such behavior might lead the dentists to ignore a proper post-surgical follow-up in cases of COC. In this paper, a case of a calcifying odontogenic cyst associated to an odontoma in a 16 years-old male patient whose only clinical manifestation was the absence of the tooth 33 is reported. In the radiographic examination a radiolucence was detected with radiopaque signs inside. With clinical and radiographic hypothesis of compound odontoma, an excisional biopsy was performed with preservation of the tooth 33. The histopathological result was COC associated to compound odontoma. The patient has been submitted to orthodontic treatment without recurrence. In this paper, it will be emphasized the importance of an association of a proper clinical and radiographic examinations to the histopatological analysis to obtain an accurate definitive diagnosis.

Prevalência de lesões orais na infecção por HIV em adultos e crianças / Prevalence of HIV related oral lesions in adults and children

Manifestações clínicas orais da Aids são comuns e podem ser o primeiro sinal da infecção por HIV. Elas constituem importante fator prognóstico, pois eu aparecimento indica evolução da doença. Após a introdução da terapia anti-retroviral combinada, foi observada uma redução da frequência dessas manifestações. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de lesões orais associadas ao HIV/Aids em adultos e crianças atendidos em um serviço de referência (HUAP/UFF). Nossos dados mostram que, apesar da redução na prevalência, essas lesões ainda são frequentes, evidenciando a necessidade de um exame intra-oral regular e criterioso para melhor acompanhar a infecção pelo HIV nesses pacientes