Toxoplasmosis aguda en embarazadas asintomáticas de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Acute toxoplasmosis among asymptomatic pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de toxoplasmosis aguda en mujeres embarazadas en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 2 673 mujeres embarazadas, asintomáticas para toxoplasmosis, durante el 2007. Se determinó IgM anti T. gondii en suero mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta como diagnóstico de sensibilidad y la confirmación de los casos positivos por medio de ELISA. Se determinó el coeficiente de prevalencia. Resultados: Once (0,41%) tenían anticuerpos IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii, con títulos iguales o mayores a 1:16. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de toxoplasmosis aguda en gestantes asintomáticas de la ciudad del Rio de Janeiro es baja, menor del promedio nacional de Brasil. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the frequency of acute toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: A total of 2673 asymptomatic pregnant women were included during 2007. IgM anti T. gondii was detected by indirect immunofluorescence, positive samples were confirmed by ELISA. Results: 11 (0,41%) pregnant women were IgM positive with titers of at least 1:16. Conclusions: Prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis among asymptomatic pregnant women in the city of Rio de Janeiro is low, lower that the overall prevalence in Brazil. (AU)

Rotavirosis en niños de la región de la Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Rotavirosis in children from Baixada Fluminense region, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

La infección por rotavirus es la principal causa de diarrea aguda en el mundo. Se estima que esta infección es responsable de aproximadamente 138 millones de casos de diarrea aguda y de 44 mil muertes al año en niños con edad menor de cinco años. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de rotavirosis en niños con gastroenteritis atendidos en los servicios de salud de la región de la Baixada Fluminense. Material y métodos: Entre enero de 2009 y abril de 2010 se colectaron muestras fecales de 1067 niños menores de cinco años afectados de gastroenteritis. Se utilizó la técnica de reacción inmunocromatográfica para detectar antígenos de rotavirus (Rotavirus Tira Látex Test Bioeasy). Resultados: El 21,3% de los niños examinados tuvieron antígenos de rotavirus en las muestras fecales. No se encontró diferencias entre niños y niñas. Conclusiones: La incidencia de rotavirosis en la región de la Baixada Fluminense se encuentra en un nivel medio en comparación con poblaciones semejantes en países de Latinoamérica. (AU)

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of acute diarrhea worldwide. It is estimated that this infection is responsible for approximately 138 million cases of acute diarrhea and 44 000 deaths per year in children less than five years of age. Objectives: To determine the frequency of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis treated in health services in the Baixada Fluminense region. Methods: Between January 2009 and April 2010, 1067 fecal samples from children under five years of age with gastroenteritis were collected. We used the immune chromatographic technique to detect rotavirus antigens (Rotavirus Latex Test Strip Bioeasy). Results: 21.3 % of children tested had rotavirus antigen in stool samples. No differences were found between boys and girls. Conclusions: The incidence of rotavirus in the Baixada Fluminense region is at an average level compared to similar populations in Latin America. (AU)

Identificaçao da dose letal mínima por irradiaçao gama para toxoplasma gondii / Identification of a minimun lethal dose of gamma irradiation for toxoplasma gondii

The use of nuclear power through radiation for the destruction of microorganisms which cause food decay, infections and toxicosis, is specially for peacefull purposes. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoa responsible for illness in humans and animals. One of the most common ways of transmission is through raw or poorly cooked meat. There is little information on the resistance of T. gondii to radiation. The objective of this research is to determine the Minimun Lethal Dose (MLD) of gamma radiation for these microorganisms. Suspensions of T. gondii containing approximately one million taquizoites/ml were irradiated with doses between 0.01 up to 0.15 HGy (kiloGray) and inoculated to mice. The surviving T gondii were re-irradiated with 0.01 up to 0.16 HGy. The irradiated protozoa were totally destroyed with 0.15 HGy dose (MLD). Taquizoites issued from live protozoa of 0.14 KGy, also were completely destroyed with dose of 0.15 KGy. No increase in resistance was observed regarding the non irradiated protozoa