[Relationship between job characteristic and job stress in nurses of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences educational hospitals]

Job stress is condition in work as part of role playing and need to adaptive responses; job stress is one of attention part of nursing profession and some of most important reasons of job stress are the characteristic of job for example task identity, skill variety, task significance, autonomy and feedback. The purpose of this study was to investigation relationship between job characteristic and job stress in nurses of KUMS educational hospitals. This study was descriptive correlated [cross-sectional], 297 participants in census method recruited from KUMS educational hospitals nurses. Demographic information, job diagnostics surveys [JDS] and job stress [Stimer] were measured by self-report questionnaire. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires approved in the earlier researches. As well as, internal consistency were 0.86 for Job diagnostics surveys and 0.82 for job stress by alpha Cronbach. Then information analyzed by statistical tests such as association linear-by-linear, X[2] and ordinal regression by SPSS 16. 72.7% of participants were female, 59.6% married, 64.6% employed under 5 year, 33.3% work in critical wards and 87.9% were registered nurse. Motivational Potential Score [MPS] of 53.5% was low, job stress 64.6% was middle and the relation between MPS and job characteristics [skill variety [P<0.001], task identity [P<0.001], autonomy [P<0.02] and feedback [P<0.1], age, sex and education level with job stress was statistically significant [P<0.05]. Regression model of relational variables with job stress show that the autonomy was the most effective determinant on the job stress then task identity and feedback. This study showed relation between job characteristic and job stress in nurses so hospital managers must increase autonomy, identifying task identity and give proper feedbacks to redesign job and make nursing more challengeable, motivational and satisfying

viewpoints of Zabol's General Practitioners about medical errors in 2010

Medical error is a global topic. Its costs high and causes injuries to people. This issue imperils patient security which it is one of the most important dimensions of health care. Medical errors in health care institutions and hospitals in United States is the third cause of mortality and morbidity of about 98000 people annually. The objective of this research was assessing the viewpoints of GPs in medical errors issues. This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research with 80 GPs participated in Zabol city. Instrument of data collecting was a questionnaire made by the research team including 19 questions related to all kinds of medical errors and disclosure medical errors that were used to determine the narrative abstract views of the experts and teachers corresponds which validity used were confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaires were ascertained by test-retest which used the Pearson correlation coefficient [r = 0/80]. Data analyzed by SPSS 18 software in statistical tests as a Chi- square. The GPs expressed [72/5%] diagnostic error as the most common type of medical errors. 32/5 percent participants represented that cause of medication error was the error of pharmacy personnel.36 percent individuals mentioned that changing behavior and motivating staff were as the first factor in decreasing medical errors. 67/5 percent participants agreed to the training of medical errors and 32/5 percent were against disclosure to medical errors. There was no significant association between age and rate of medical errors [P >0/05] The role of authorities to enacted rules for generating legal and ethical security increased regarding the magnitude of medical errors. There is high prevalence and direct relationship between alive of people within period of time, budget, and staff in the health systems