RESUMEN
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity/mortality among human immunodeficiency virusinfected individuals in Africa. Reducing TB burden in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a public health priority.Aim: We determined the factors associated with prevalent TB among patients receiving HAART.Subjects and Methods: We conducted a crosssectional study of adult patients who had received HAART for â¥12 weeks in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Patients whose TB diagnosis predated HAART were excluded from the study. PreHAART data were collected from the clinic records, whereas postHAART data were obtained through medical history, physical examination, and laboratinvestigations.StandardTBscreening/diagnostic algorithms as applicable in Nigeria were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with prevalent TB.Results: about 65.8% (222/339) were women. The mean age was 41.1 (10.0) years and 23.6% (73/339) had past history of TB. The prevalence of active TB was 7.7% (26/339). Among these patients, 42.3% (11/26) had pulmonary TB, 34.6% (9/26) had disseminated TB, whereas 23.1% (6/26) had only extrapulmonary disease. Only 45% (9/20) of patients with pulmonary involvement had positive sputum smear. Factors independently associated with prevalent TB were lower social class (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 31.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11417.3), HAART nonadherence (aOR125.5; 95% CI: 9.61636.3), baseline CD4 <200cells/µl (aOR31.0; 95%CI: 1.6590.6), previous TB (aOR13.8; 95% CI: 2.094.1), and current hemoglobin <10 g/dl (aOR10.3; 95% CI: 1.199.2).Conclusion: Factors associated with prevalent TB were a lower social class, HAART nonadherence, severe immunosuppression before HAART initiation, previous TB, and anemia postHAART. TB case finding should be intensified in these highrisk groups