RESUMEN
Retrospective antibiotic surveillance data of selected invasive pathogens isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid at public sector hospitals in South Africa in 2007 are presented. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined according to the 2007 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae remains a highly resistant pathogen; with approximately half of all strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. All laboratories reported considerable resistance among Acinetobacter spp. Approximately 50-60of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood were resistant to cloxacillin. Among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from blood and cerebrospinal intermediate resistance to penicillin. Resistance to ceftriaxone in S. pneumoniae was rare
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Enterobacteriaceae , Hospitales , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMEN
Effects of bovine mastitis pathogen virulence factors on mammary epithelial cell function are not clearly understood. In this study, the effect of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA), streptokinase, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on proliferation of a primary bovine mammary epithelial cell culture (BTE) and on an established bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) was evaluated. Mammary epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of bacterial virulence factors for 48 h at 37 degrees C. BTE cell proliferation was inhibited by streptococcal LTA at 8 and 16 micrograms/ml whereas MAC-T cell proliferation was reduced significantly by concentrations of LTA > or = 2 micrograms/ml. Streptokinase had no effect on proliferation of either MAC-T or BTE cells and LPS inhibited proliferation of BTE but not of MAC-T cells. Effect of LTA and LPS on mammary epithelial cell proliferation could be relevant during the periparturient period when mammary glands are markedly susceptible to new intramammary infection and when mammary epithelial cells undergo extensive proliferation, differentiation and synthesis of milk components.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Embarazo , Ácidos Teicoicos/toxicidad , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Glándulas Mamarias Animales , Mastitis Bovina , Streptococcus , Estreptoquinasa , Ácidos Teicoicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Transformada , Células Cultivadas , Células Clonales , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Queratinas , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Biomarcadores , Vimentina , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Para entender como funcionaban los hospitales durante el período colonial y, como parte de ellos, el hospital de San Miguel de Guadalajara, es necesario analizarlos a la luz de lo que los estudiosos de la materia han designado como el proceso de medicalización. Esto significa - entre otras cosas - que debemos seguir la transformación que sufren los hospitales, de instituciones de carácter religioso con que fueron fundadas a instituciones de carácter propiamente médico como se conocerán a partir de la Epoca Moderna.