RESUMEN
Background & objectives: Cyclical changes in the hormonal levels determine different phases of menstrual cycle. These variations in hormonal levels are also responsible for variations in functional parameters of many systems in the body. Many studies have highlighted the changes in respiratory parameters in different phases of menstrual cycle. In this study, we have explored the factors that influence lung function in adolescent girls focusing on the hormonal factors related to the menstrual cycle. Methods: 36 adolescent girls with normal menstrual cycle consented for the study. Pulmonary functions and serum progesterone were measured during follicular and secretory phase of menstrual cycle after a detailed menstrual history and screening for medical illness. Results : show a significantly higher serum progesterone and FVC, FEV1 and PEFR during secretory phase. There was a strong positive correlation of Serum progesterone in secretory phase with FVC and negative correlation with FEV1%. Interpretation & conclusion: This improvement of pulmonary function during secretory phase is due to increase in serum progesterone levels which have a dual effect of overall smooth muscle relaxation and hyperventilation. Supplement of progesterone may be useful to avert premenstrual asthma and enhance the performance.
RESUMEN
Overweight and obesity influences left ventricular structure and function. WHO Western Pacific Region in 2000 recommended lower cutoff for overweight (Body Mass Index-BMI ≥23.0) and obesity (Body Mass Index-BMI ≥25.0) in asians. However, studies considering the new recommendations of Body Mass Index (BMI) are lacking. The present study investigated the impact of different grades of BMI on left ventricular structure and systolic and diastolic function in middle aged Indian men. The study involved 74 men aged 31 to 60 (mean age 45.24±10.9) years who were grouped according to BMI as normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2, n=19), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2, n=17) and obese (≥25 kg/m2, n=38). Left ventricular structure and function were evaluated by 2-D doppler echocardiography. Compared to normal and overweight, obese had significantly higher left ventricular mass (P<0.05) and left atrial diameter (P<0.01). Left ventricular diastolic function (atrial filling velocity-A) showed a significant decline in obese and even in overweight compared to normal (P<0.05). Left ventricular systolic function showed no significant changes with increase in BMI. Left ventricular diastolic function decreases in all grades of BMI more than 23 kg/m2, whereas structural changes are present only in obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Hence the revised BMI cut-off for Asians as recommended by WHO need to be considered for assessing cardiovascular risk and mortality among Indian men and more stringent control of body weight especially abdominal obesity is justified in the maintenance of cardiovascular health and functional capacity.