¿Son efectivas las intervenciones psicológicas para mejorar el control de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en adultos?: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Psychological interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Affordable interventions to improve metabolic control of Type 2-Diabetes Mellitus are increasingly necessary. Aim To review systematically the existing literature on the effects of psychological interventions on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus compensation. Material and Methods We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of psychological interventions implemented for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Research included the following electronic databases: PubMed, Bireme, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, Psychology Database. Results Most studies showed a decrease in the level of glycated hemoglobin after interventions, which applied different initiatives complementary to standard medical treatment. Mainly, these interventions encompassed training for self-monitoring and control of diabetes based on cognitive behavioral psychology, counseling, self-assessment and physical-spiritual work based on transpersonal psychology. Conclusions Psychological tools could be an adjunct to the standard medical treatment for patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, reducing glycated hemoglobin levels and improving self-regulation, disease awareness and adherence from the self-efficacy perception perspective.

Efectividad de intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness para mejorar el control de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: una revisión sistemática e integración metanalitica preliminar / Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions to improve control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and preliminary meta-analytic integration

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar la efectividad de intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness sobre el nivel de hemoglobina glicada —HbA1c— en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 —DM2—. Se realizó una revisión sistemática e integración metanalítica preliminar. La búsqueda de los estudios se realizó en las siguientes bases: PubMed, Bireme, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, Psychology Database. Se identificaron 10 artículos: cuatro fueron llevados a cabo en Estados Unidos, dos en Irán, uno en Alemania, uno en Australia, uno en Tailandia y uno en Inglaterra. Se observó una reducción en los niveles de la HbA1c utilizando Mindfulness en comparación a los grupos controles (p < 0,02). Además, se observó un efecto diferenciado al analizar según número de participantes, sexo y tiempo de seguimiento. Se concluyó que el uso de intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness tendría un efecto indirecto sobre la reducción de la hemoglobina glicada.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to study the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions on the level of glycated hemoglobin —HbA1c— in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus —DM2—. A systematic review and preliminary meta-analytic integration was performed. The search of the studies was carried out in the following bases: PubMed, Bireme, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, Psychology Database. Ten articles were identified: four were published in the United States, two in Iran, one in Germany, one in Australia, one in Thailand and one in England. A reduction in HbA1c levels was observed using Mindfulness compared to control groups (p <0,02). In addition, according to the number of participants, sex and time of follow-up a differentiated effect was found. It was concluded that the use of interventions based on Mindfulness would have an indirect effect on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).