Manejo inicial de la hiperamonemia aguda en pediatría / Initial management of acute hyperammonemia in pediatrics

La hiperamonemia constituye una emergencia médica. No existen publicaciones que hagan referencia a la disponibilidad de recursos, insumos y conocimientos necesarios para el manejo inicial de esta por parte del pediatra en nuestro país, pero, según la experiencia de los autores, los recursos necesarios no se encuentran disponibles los 365 días del año en una gran porción de nuestro territorio. Sobre la base de este estado de situación, de una revisión bibliográfica internacional sobre el tema y de la experiencia de los autores, se elaboraron una serie de recomendaciones para el manejo pediátrico inicial de esta emergencia, que tienen como objetivo poder reducir las deficiencias, permitir una sospecha clínica adecuada que lleve a un diagnóstico y tratamiento de emergencia oportunos, con utilización racional de recursos farmacológicos (algunos de ellos de alto costo), para reducir la morbimortalidad que asocia la patología.

Hyperammonemia is a medical emergency. There are no publications regarding the availability of resources, supplies, and knowledge necessary for the initial management of hyperammonemia by pediatricians in Argentina; however, according to the authors' experience, the necessary resources are not available all year round in a large portion of our territory. Based on such state of affairs, an international bibliographic review on this topic and the authors' experience, we developed a series of recommendations for the initial pediatric management of this emergency, with the objective of reducing deficiencies, allowing adequate clinical suspicion leading to a timely diagnosis and emergency management and a rational use of pharmacological resources (some of which are costly) to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with hyperammonemia.

Síndrome de quilomicronemia familiar: experiencia pediátrica en Argentina / Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: pediatric experience in Argentina

El síndrome de quilomicronemia familiar (SQF) es unaenfermedad autosómica recesiva rara, con una prevalencia1:200 000 - 1:1 000 000, y se caracteriza por quilomicronemiaen ayunas y niveles muy elevados de triglicéridos (> 880 mg/dl). LPL es el gen más frecuentemente afectado, luego APOC2,GPIHBP1, APOA5 y LMF1; todos ellos comprometen la función de la lipoproteinlipasa endotelial. El SQF suele presentarseen la infancia con dolor abdominal recurrente, xantomaseruptivos, retraso del crecimiento, pancreatitis y, en ocasiones,asintomático. El tratamiento convencional es la restriccióndietética de grasas. Se muestra el resultado clínico de 20 pacientes pediátricoscon SQF reclutados de 4 hospitales en Argentina.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomalrecessive disease, prevalence 1:200,000 - 1:1,000,000, andis characterized by fasting chylomicrons and very hightriglycerides > 880 mg/dl. LPL is the most frequentlyaffected gene, then APOC2, GPIHBP1, APOA5, LMF1, all ofthem compromising the function of lipoproteinlipase. FCScommonly presents in childhood with recurrent abdominalpain, eruptive xanthomas, failure to thrive, pancreatitis, andsometimes asymptomatic. The conventional treatment isdietetic fat restriction. The clinical outcome of 20 pediatric patients with FCS recruited from 4 hospitals in Argentina is reported.

Nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an outpatient oncology center in the south region of Brazil

To evaluate the nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an oncology center in South Brazil.This is a descriptive, exploratory and sectional study that was developed in a process that involved 100 patients aged between 18 and 75 years old, suffering from cancer.The anthropometric variables studied were weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC),triceps skinfold (TSF) and corrected arm muscle area (cAMA). For subjective nutritional assessment, we used the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Nearly half of the patients evaluated had a critical need for nutritional intervention. There was a statistically significant association between cAMA and marital status, age and gender; between AC and age, gender and staging; between AMC and staging; between BMI and marital status and age; and between TSF and marital status. Patients diagnosed with IV stage had the lowest values for nutritional variables. There was no significant association between nutritional status of patients obtained by the PG-SGA instrument and sociodemographic characteristics. Malnutrition should be diagnosed as soon as possible,aiming at early intervention and improving survival and quality of life. Therefore, early nutritional assessment in cancer patients is required, combining subjective and objective methods.

Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida e Prevalência de Sintomas Depressivos em Pacientes Oncológicos Submetidos à Radioterapia / Assessment of Quality of Life and Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Oncologic Patients submitted to Radiotherapy / Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida y Prevalencia de Síntomas Depresivos en Radioterapia en Pacientes Oncológicos

Introdução: A qualidade de vida de pacientes oncológicos tem sido objeto de estudo em muitos trabalhos brasileiros. Contudo, apesar da alta prevalência de indivíduos submetidos à radioterapia, poucos estudos com ênfase nesse grupo de pacientes foram identificados. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes com neoplasias malignas durante o tratamento radioterápico. Método: Estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com 153 pacientes oncológicos em vigência de tratamento radioterápico em um centro especializado em oncologia e radioterapia, localizado no Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados entre março e setembro de 2018. O European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck foram utilizados para avaliar a qualidade de vida e os sintomas depressivos, respectivamente. Resultados: Os domínios "qualidade de vida", "função cognitiva" e "função social" foram os que menos se mostraram prejudicados na amostra estudada, enquanto "insônia", "perda de apetite" e "dificuldades financeiras" destacaram-se entre os maiores preditores de baixa qualidade de vida. Ademais, contatou-se que 22% dos indivíduos avaliados apresentaram algum grau de transtorno de humor, sendo 11% diagnosticados com depressão. Conclusão: O declínio na qualidade de vida e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes oncológicos, mesmo os em vigência de radioterapia, enaltecem a importância de intervenções precoces que visem a restabelecer a funcionalidade e o bem-estar.

Introduction: The quality of life of cancer patients has been studied in many Brazilian papers. However, despite the high prevalence of individuals undergoing radiotherapy, few studies with emphasis in this group of patients have been identified. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with malignant neoplasms undergoing radiotherapy treatment. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study with 153 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment at an oncology and radiotherapy specialized center, located in the northwest of Paraná state. Data were collected between March and September 2018. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Beck Inventory were used to assess quality of life and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: The domains "quality of life", "cognitive function" and "social function" were the least affected in the studied sample, while "insomnia", "loss of appetite" and "financial difficulties" stood out among the higher predictors of poor quality of life. In addition, it was found that 22% of the individuals evaluated had some degree of mood disorder, 11% being diagnosed with depression. Conclusion: The decline in quality of life and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in cancer patients, even those undergoing radiotherapy, emphasize the importance of early interventions aimed at restoring functionality and well-being.

Introducción: La calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer se ha estudiado en muchos estudios brasileños. Sin embargo, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de individuos sometidos a radioterapia, se han identificado pocos estudios con énfasis en este grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida y la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en pacientes con neoplasias malignas sometidas a radioterapia. Método: Estudio transversal cuantitativo realizado con 153 pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento de radioterapia en un centro especializado en oncología y radioterapia, ubicado en el Noroeste del Estado de Paraná. Los datos se recopilaron entre marzo y septiembre de 2018. El European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) y el Inventario Beck se utilizaron para evaluar la calidad de vida y los síntomas depresivos, respectivamente. Resultados: Los dominios "calidad de vida", "función cognitiva" y "función social" fueron los menos afectados en la muestra estudiada, mientras que el "insomnio", la "pérdida de apetito" y las "dificultades financieras" se destacaron entre los dominios. predictores más altos de mala calidad de vida. Además, se encontró que el 22% de los individuos evaluados tenían algún grado de trastorno del estado de ánimo, y el 11% fue diagnosticado con depresión. Conclusión: La disminución de la calidad de vida y la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en pacientes con cáncer, incluso en aquellos que reciben radioterapia, enfatizan la importancia de las intervenciones tempranas destinadas a restaurar la funcionalidad y el bienestar.

Avaliação positiva da assistência às pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus na atenção básica / Positive evaluation of the assistance provided to people with Diabetes Mellitus in primary care

Objetivo: Verificar os fatores associados à avaliação positiva da assistência prestada às pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 na Atenção Primária. Método:Estudo descritivo transversal, no qual foram entrevistadas 408 pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, da zona urbana de um município da região Sul do Brasil, de 65 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foi utilizado questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, comportamentais e indicadores da assistência e do acesso ao serviço de saúde na atenção básica; realizado o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, regressão logística múltipla e cálculo do Odds Ratio para análise dos fatores relacionados à avaliação positiva da assistência. Resultados:A prevalência da avaliação positiva da assistência prestada foi de 81,9%. Os fatores que apresentaram associação significativa com a avaliação positiva foram: sexo masculino (OR=2,96), atividade física (OR=2,54), ser atendido no mesmo dia em que vai à Unidade Básica (OR=2,60), receber os antidiabéticos orais e/ou insulina (OR=0,12) e orientações sobre alimentação adequada (OR=2,72); e conseguir mostrar os resultados de exames com maior facilidade (OR=3,09). Conclusão:O diabetes tipo 2 pode ser um indicador da qualidade do serviço prestado pelas equipes da ESF e a satisfação dos usuários está relacionada ao serviço de qualidade, ao acolhimento às demandas e ao cuidado contínuo.

Objective:To verify the factors associated with the positive evaluation of the assistance provided to people with type 2 diabetes in Primary Health Care. Method:Descriptive cross-sectional study with interview of 408 people with type 2 diabetes from the urban area of a city in the southern region of Brazil covered by 65 Family Health Strategy teams. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral variables and indicators of assistance and access to health services in primary care was used; the Pearson's chi-square test, multiple logistic regression and Odds Ratio were performed to analyze which factors were related to a positive evaluation of the care provided. Results:The prevalence of positive evaluation of the care provided was 81.9%. The factors that showed a significant association with a positive evaluation were: male gender (OR = 2.96), physical activity (OR = 2.54), receiving care on the same day the person goes to the Basic Unit (OR = 2.60), receiving oral antidiabetics and/or insulin (OR = 0.12), receiving guidance on proper nutrition (OR = 2.72), and being able to show test results more easily (OR = 3.09). Conclusion:Type 2 diabetes can be an indicator of the quality of service provided by FHS teams and user satisfaction is related to the quality of the service, embracement of demands, and continuous care.

Prevalencia de alteraciones periodontales y necesidad de tratamiento, asociada a factores sociodemográficos en población adulta atendida por dos unidades comunitarias de salud familiar en el año 2015 / Prevalence of periodontal alterations and need for treatment, associated with sociodemographic factors in the adult population attended by two community family health units in 2015

Establecer la prevalencia de las alteraciones periodontales y la necesidad de tratamiento asociada a factores sociodemográficos en población adulta de dos municipios de El Salvador. Metodología: Estudio observacional-descriptivo transversal, con asociación de variables, entre alteraciones periodontales (sangrado gingival, presencia o no de bolsas periodontales y cálculo dental) necesidad de tratamiento y factores sociodemográficos (edad, sexo, ocupación del tiempo productivo, área de residencia, nivel de escolaridad, conocimiento y práctica de higiene bucal). Durante 9 meses (junio 2015-febrero 2016), se aplicó el Índice Periodontal Comunitario en guía de observación y una cédula de entrevista a 540 usuarios de las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar de Mizata, Teotepeque y Oratorio de Concepción. Resultados: El 50.56% de la población presenta sondaje de 3.5 mm y cálculo supra y subgingival, cuya necesidad de tratamiento es educación y motivación más raspaje y profilaxis; seguido del 22.04 % con sondaje de 4 a 5 mm quienes necesitan además de la educación y motivación raspado, alisado radicular y profilaxis; el 2.2% fueron pacientes sanos. Los hombres padecen alteraciones periodontales de mayor gravedad 1.10 veces más que las mujeres. Las personas que mantienen un trabajo informal presentan 1.11 más veces mayor alteración periodontal. Los que cursaron entre educación media y superior tienen 3.23 veces menos riesgo de presentar alteraciones periodontales de mayor gravedad y la prevalencia de alteraciones periodontales está asociada a las prácticas en salud bucal (P valor= 0.000). Conclusión: La alteración periodontal prevalente se encuentra en los códigos 2 y 3 del CPITN, Existe asociación significativa entre los factores sociodemográficos (edad, sexo, ocupación del tiempo productivo, nivel de escolaridad, conocimiento y práctica de higiene bucal) con la gravedad de alteraciones periodontales.

Objective: To establish the prevalence of periodontal alterations and the need for treatment associated with sociodemographic factors in adult population in two municipalities of El Salvador. Methodology: A cross-sectional and observational-descriptive study, with association of variables, among periodontal changes (bleeding, presence or not of periodontal pockets and calculus) need for treatment and sociodemographic factors (age, sex, occupation of productive time, area of residence, education level, and knowledge and practice of oral hygiene). During 9 months (June 2015 - February 2016), the Community Periodontal Index was applied on a observation guide and interviews were conducted with 540 users of the Family Community Health Centers of Mizata, Teotepeque and Oratorio de Concepción. Results: 50.56% of the population had a 3.5 mm of periodontal probing, and a supra and subgingival calculus, whose need for treatment is education and motivation plus scaling and prophylaxis; followed by 22.04% with probing of 4 to 5 mm who need education and motivation, scaling, root planing and prophylaxis; 2.2% were healthy patients. Men suffer from periodontal alterations of greater severity 1.10 times more than women. The people who maintain an informal work present 1.11 more times greater periodontal alteration. Those who attended secondary and higher education are 3.23 times less likely to have periodontal alterations of greater severity and the prevalence of periodontal alterations is associated with oral health practices (P value = 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal alteration is found in codes 2 and 3 of the CPITN. There is a significant association between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, occupancy of productive time, educational level, and knowledge and practice of oral hygiene) with the severity of periodontal alterations.