Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/epidemiología , Periodo Posoperatorio , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Distribución por Sexo , Estado de Ejecución de Karnofsky , México/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Background: Several studies have reported that variants rs16969968 G>A of the CHRNA5 gene and CYP2A6*12 of the CYP2A6 gene are associated with smoking and smoking refusal, respectively. In addition, some studies report that a higher cigarette consumption is associated with low body mass index (BMI). Aim: To analyze the allele and genotypic frequencies of these variants and their impact on smoking and BMI. Material and Methods: A blood sample was obtained and a survey about smoking habits was answered by 319 university students aged 18 to 35 years (127 women, 171 smokers), living in Northeastern Mexico. Genetic variants were studied by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and their frequencies were associated with smoking and BMI. Results: No associations were found between the analyzed variants and smoking in the study groups. However, there was an association among non-smoking subjects between the A allele of rs16969968 and high a BMI (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This last variant may be involved in food-addiction disorders.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Índice de Masa Corporal , /genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Receptores Nicotínicos/genética , Fumar/genética , Estudios Transversales , Variación Genética/genética , Genotipo , México , Nicotina/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Polimorfismo Genético/genéticaRESUMEN
The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (M) methods. The MTB isolates were clustered and the clusters were grouped according to the similarities of their genotypes. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between the groups of MTB isolates with similar genotypes and those patient characteristics indicating a risk for a pulmonary TB (PTB) chain transmission were ana- lysed. The isolates showing similar genotypes were distributed as follows: SMR (5%), SM (12.5%), SR (1.67%), MR (0%), S (46.67%), M (5%) and R (0%). The remaining 35 cases were orphans. SMR exhibited a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with visits to clinics, municipalities and comorbidities (primarily diabetes mellitus). S correlated with drug consumption and M with comorbidities. SMR is needed to identify a social network in metropolitan areas for PTB transmission and S and M are able to detect risk factors as secondary components of a transmission chain of TB.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Técnicas de Genotipaje/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/transmisión , Ciudades , Comorbilidad , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Genotipo , Secuencias Repetitivas Esparcidas/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , México/epidemiología , Epidemiología Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/clasificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción/genética , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sociológicos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genética , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
The resistance of 139 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the city of Monterrey, Northeast Mexico, to first and second-line anti-TB drugs was analysed. A total of 73 isolates were susceptible and 66 were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Monoresistance to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol was observed in 29 cases. Resistance to INH was found in 52 cases and in 29 cases INH resistance was combined with resistance to two or three drugs. A total of 24 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) resistant to at least INH and rifampicin and 11 MDR cases were resistant to five drugs. The proportion of MDR-TB among new TB cases in our target population was 0.72% (1/139 cases). The proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 25.18% (35/139 cases). The 13 polyresistant and 24 MDR isolates were assayed against the following seven second-line drugs: amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), ethionamide (ETH), ofloxacin (OFL) and cycloserine (CLS). Resistance to CLF, OFL or CLS was not observed. Resistance was detected to ETH (10.80%) and to AMK (2.70%), KAN (2.70%) and CAP (2.70%). One isolate of MDR with primary resistance was also resistant to three second-line drugs. Monterrey has a high prevalence of MDR-TB among previously treated cases and extensively drug-resistant-MTB strains may soon appear.