Cambios en la prevalencia de asma en escolares chilenos entre 1994 y 2002: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Chile phases I and III / Changes in the prevalence of asthma in Chilean school age children between 1994 and 2002

Background: In developed countries, the prevalence of asthma in children has significantly increased in the last decades. However, there is no information about the trends of asthma in Latin America. Aim: To determine changes in asthma prevalence between 1994 and 2002 in Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: The prevalence of asthma symptoms in schoolchildren aged 7 (n =18.697) and 13 years (n =18.939), from South Santiago, Valdivia and Punta Arenas, obtained during phases I and III of the ISAAC, carried out in 1994 and 2002, was compared. Results: From 1994 to 2002, the mean national prevalence of "wheezing in the last 12 months" in the group aged 6-7years, changed from 18.2 percent to 17.9 percent (p =NS); "asthma ever" from 12.5 percent to 10.7 percent (p =NS), and "severe episode" from 3.2 percent to 2.8 percent (p =NS). There was a significant increase of the prevalence of "wheezing in the last 12 months", in children aged 13-14years, from 9.8 percent to 15.5 percent (p =0.01); in "asthma ever" from 10.2 percent to 14.9 percent (p =0.01), and for "severe episode" from 2.8 percent to 3.8 percent (p =0.01). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms related to asthma in children aged 13-14 years that was consistent in all the 3 participating centres of the ISAAC. However, the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children aged 6-7 years remained without significant changes between 1994 and 2002.

Calcio en orina de primera micción como predictor de preeclampsia

Deseamos obtener una prueba de diagnóstico predictivo temprano para preeclampsia, mediante la detección de los niveles urinarios de calcio en muestras simples, ya que en varios estudios se ha visto que en pacientes con preeclampsia la excresión urinaria de calcio se encuentra disminuido. Se seleccionaron 70 pacientes de la consulta de control prenatal luego de la semana 14 de gestación en el Hospital Militar Central. El 31.4 por ciento de las pacientes estudiadas presentó preeclampsia, el promedio de calcio urinario en las pacientes que presentaron preeclampsia fue de 34.6 mg/l; el promedio en las que no presentaron preeclampsia fue de 35.8 mg/l(p 0.081), al correlacionar los resultados entre las primigestantes y multigestantes, se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de excreción de calcio urinario de ambos grupos