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Introduction: Inspection of the bone marrow is considered oneof the most valuable diagnostic tool to evaluate hematologicmalignancies. This study compares all three techniques ofbone marrow aspiration (BMA), bone marrow imprint (BMI)and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in morphological diagnosisof hematological malignancies.Material and methods: The study was conducted on 63selected cases of various hematological malignancies. Onlythose cases in which bone marrow examination was done byusing all the three techniques were included in the study.Results: Out of total 63 cases,53 cases were diagnosed onbone marrow aspirate smears with diagnostic accuracy of84.12%, 60 cases were diagnosed on bone marrow imprintsmears with diagnostic accuracy of 95.23% and all 63 caseswere diagnosed on bone marrow biopsy with diagnosticaccuracy of 100%.Conclusion: It is concluded that bone marrow imprintsare equally useful as bone marrow biopsy in diagnosinghematological malignancies. Imprint cytology shouldtherefore be a standard practice for evaluating bone marrow incases of hematological malignancies.
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Introduction: In resource limited settings where geneticstudies and flow cytometry were not routinely done oravailable, morphology is primarily used for diagnosis andsubtyping of acute leukemias with use of ancillary tests likecytochemistry and immunohistochemistry in selected casesfor a more accurate and definitive diagnosis. This study wasdone to assess the role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosisand subtyping of acute leukemias in resource poor settingusing selected IHC markers and to find diagnostic accuracy ofmorphologic diagnosis.Material and methods: The study was done on 45 selectedcases of acute leukemia. Immunohistochemistry was doneon all cases for typing and confirmation of diagnosis aftermorphological examination of peripheral blood smears andall three bone marrow preparations.A limited panel of IHCmarkers were used including Anti MPO, Anti CD3, AntiCD20, Anti CD22, Anti TdT, Anti CD117, Anti CD15 andAnti CD68(KP1) for immunohistochemistry.Results: The accuracy of morphological diagnosis in casesof AML and ALL in the study was 84.09% and 82.22%respectively. By intercalating immunohistochemical studieswith morphological examination almost all cases of acuteleukemia can be diagnosed and subclassified, and diagnosticaccuracy is increased as compared to morphologicalexamination alone.Conclusion: Though morphology remains thegold standard for paraffin embedded bone marrowtrephines,immunohistochemical staining has became anintegral part of diagnostic workup in cases of hematologicmalignancies in limited resource settings.
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Background: FNAC has been considered as gold standard technique to diagnose various thyroid gland lesions. As Thyroid gland is superficial in location it is easily approachable for direct physical examination, cytological evaluation & histopathological study. The main objective of FNAC of thyroid is to categorize patients who need surgery for neoplastic disorder from those having functional or inflammatory abnormality requiring a clinical follow up & medical treatment. Aims & Objectives: To study cytomorphological features of thyroid enlargement & palpable lesions of thyroid. To correlate cytomorphological features of thyroid lesions with histopathological features wherever possible. Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Clinical Pathology, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital. Around 150 cases of thyroid lesions were enrolled during the period 3 years (March 2014-February 2017). All relevant clinical profile of these cases was taken from case records. Results: In the present study, a total of 150 cases of thyroid swellings were categorized under TBSRTC. Of which maximum cases were seen of benign etiology i.e. colloid goitre more commonly affecting middle age group i.e. 31-45yrs with female preponderance. As sensitivity & specificity of FNAC was considered, in benign Sensitivity & specificity was reported to be 96% & 100% respectively. Whereas, in malignant lesions both were found to be 100%. Conclusions: The conclusion drawn from this study implicates FNAC as a useful primary investigative modality for evaluation of palpable thyroid lesions. It also helps in distinguishing lesions based on the clinical management required.