To determine the diagnostic accuracy of curved multiplanar reformat of multidetector CT scan in visualizing zone of transition in patients with intestinal obstruction

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of curved Multiplanar reformat of multidetector CT scan in visualizing zone of transition in patients with intestinal obstruction

Setting: Radiology and Emergency Department of Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton Campus, Karachi

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study

Methodology: This prospective non funded study was done in Ziauddin University Hospital Clifton campus from January 2014 to July 2015. Patients' curved MPR images results were compared with operative findings taken as gold standard

Result: In this study pre-surgical CT correlation was done in sixty patients with intestinal obstruction, twenty eight were male and thirty two females. Surgical findings suggest that forty four patients were correctly diagnosed on CT scan, giving specificity 85.7% sensitivity of 95.6 % and diagnostic accuracy of 93.3%

Conclusion: The curved Multiplanar reformat of multidetector CT scan is excellent diagnostic tool and plays a vital role in characterizing and locating area of transition in patients with intestinal obstruction and for relevant treatment

Sonographic measurement of normal renal size and correlation with somatic variables in subset of Karachi pediatric population

Background: Multiple renal pathogenesis manifested as unilateral or bilateral size changes, therefore there should be normative reference data for proper comparison. Our goal is to determine normal standard value ranges for renal dimensions in pediatric population in Karachi. Sonographically renal length in 150 children were measured and correlate with age, gender, body height, weight and BMI

Objective: Sonographic Measurement of Normal Renal Size and Correlation with Somatic Variables in Subset of Karachi Pediatric Population

Methods: A six month cross sectional hospital based assessment of kidney size [length, width] was evaluated with the help of sonography. XarioTM 200 Toshiba with convex 3.5 frequency transducer will be used. The mean renal dimensions with standard deviation [SD] were estimated for every group of age. The renal length and width were determined and corresponded with different somatic variables. Descriptive statistics with Regression analysis was done

Results: The normal length and the width of kidneys and its ranges were obtained. Right kidney length moderately and significantly correlated with height and weight [r=0.651, r=0.654] and age [r=0.538] respectively. However, moderately insignificant with BMI [0.129]. Lefts kidney moderately and significantly correlated with height and weight [r=0.665 r=0.705], negative insignificant with age [0.564] and moderately weak insignificant relationship with BMI [0.174]

Conclusion: The research presents the normal range parameters of renal size and measurements by sonography in healthy pediatric population in Karachi. Guideline measurements of kidneys represent a statistically important and comprehensive interaction with specifications of growth which allows us to easily calculate the renal size by derived regression analysis

Normative data of hepato-splenic sizes in pakistani pediatric population using ultrasonography

Background: Hepatosplenic sizes of children vary with age .There are many diseases which affect the sizes of the liver and spleen ranging from acute liver disease to other hepatosplenic disorders . Ultrasound is a quick and reliable method .Unfortunately there is lack of sufficient data in our population therefore my study would be beneficial in determining various disease processes

Objective: To establish normative data of Hepato-Splenic sizes in Pakistani pediatric population using ultrasonography

Methods: The study was conducted at the Ziauddin University Hospital, a tertiary care teaching facility in Karachi. The cross sectional prospective hospital based study was conducted with 150 patients aged 1 month to 14 years. Ultrasonographic evaluation for the assessment of liver, spleen and portal vein size was performed. These were correlated with the age, sex, height/length and weight of the children

Results: Normal liver and spleen length and its ranges with portal vein diameter were obtained. The liver, spleen length and portal vein significantly correlated highly with the height/length [r=0.7,0.7,0.6]respectively and weight of the subjects [r=0.7,0.7,0.4 respectively]

Conclusion: The study provides the normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in healthy Pakistani pediatric population

Impact of anthropometrical parameters on portal vein diameter and liver size in a subset of Karachi based population

The purpose was to study the impact of anthropometrical parameters on portal vein diameter and liver size by ultrasound in a subset of Karachi population. Four hundred and fifty nine apparently healthy subjects were included in this cross sectional study. After recording weight and height of each subject, Portal vein diameter and both liver lobes were measured by gray scale ultrasonography. Students T test and ANOVA were applied for statistical analyses. With increasing age, portal vein diameter and right lobe of liver increased significantly [p value < 0.001]. Increase in portal vein diameter was also observed with rise in body mass index [0.8 cm in underweight - 1.1 cm in obese subjects]. Sizes of right and left liver lobes also increased with a rise in body mass index [p value < 0.001 and 0.001]. Gender, however, did not have any effect on portal vein diameter and liver size. Age and body mass index are reliable parameters to consider for avoiding false positive diagnosis of hepatomegaly and portal hypertension. Knowing the right and left liver size with respect to anthropometrical measurements also assist a clinician in selecting a subject for liver transplantation

Determination of site-specific carotid-intima media thickness: common -carotid artery and carotid bifurcation in hypercholesterolemia patients

Objective: To determine site specific carotid intima-media thickness: common-carotid artery and carotid bifurcation in hypercholesterolemia patients as a marker for atherosclerosis

Methods: Fifty patients with hypercholesterolemia and twenty controls were selected after getting informed consent regarding the investigation of carotid- intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasound. All the patients of hypercholesterolemia with LDL-C > 160mg/dL had family history of coronary artery diseases. This procedure was carried out in the Radiology Department of Dr. Ziauddin Hospitals. Measurement of carotid -intima media thickness, B-mode ultrasonography of common carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and internal carotid artery [left and right carotid arteries] was performed with Toshiba [M# SSA-580A/E2] ultrasound scanner with linear probe. The posterior or far wall of the carotid artery is, the distance between the leading edge first bright line [lumen -intima interface] and the leading edge of the second bright line [media-adventitia interface] of far wall was recorded as intima -media thickness. The average mean of six segments of intima-media thickness was taken as mean CIMT of right and left common carotid, bifurcation and internal carotid arteries

Results: Maximal CIMT was significantly increased at sites common carotid, carotid bifurcation and internal carotid arteries in fifty patients with hypercholesterolemia as compared to controls. CIMT comparison of hypercholesterolemia patients and controls was assessed by applying students t-test [p < 0.001***]. At carotid bifurcation mean of maximal CIMT was [0.9+/-0.3mm]. Range of maximum CIMT in hypercholesterolemia patients was [0.8- 3.3mm] and in controls [0.4- 0.8 mm]. The thickness was more frequently increased at site of bifurcation

Conclusions: Carotid intima- media thickness in hypercholesterolemia patients was increased and carotid bifurcation was site that has shown greater increase in intima-media thickness and plaques in these patients predict high risk for atherosclerosis

Effect of anthropometrical measurements on portal vein and hepatosplenic span

Deaths from liver disease have doubled over the last fifteen years. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are still the twelfth leading cause of death in the United States. Till date no comprehensive data has been documented in our part of the world which can help a clinician in diagnosing organomegaly. Improved hardware and knowing the exact dimensions of an organ with respect to its anthropometrical measurements can be of great importance in a radiological clinical routine. This article review was the result of recent clinical studies relating to portal vein, liver and spleen normograms in different populations which can show a comparison in accordance with their anthropometrical factors. Data from survey reports, cross-sectional and prospective studies published between the years 2003-2012 on the topic were included. Data searches included both human and cadaveric studies. The data was extracted from online resources of statistic reports, Pub med, THE MEDLINE, Google, Medical and Radiological journals. Sonographical analysis of the effect of anthropometrical measurements on the dimensions of portal vein, liver and spleen can be important markers for evaluation, diagnoses and assessment of portal hypertension, organomegaly and liver transplantation