RESUMEN
Background: Epidemiological data are limited regarding clinical characteristic of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in India. Aim: The aim was to assess ADRs with reference to the causative drugs, seriousness and their other clinical characteristics in Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A spontaneous reporting based ADR monitoring study was conducted over a period of 2 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an ADR and its seriousness was adopted. The organ system involvement was labeled by WHO-ADR terminology. ADRs were analyzed for causality by Naranjo’s algorithm, preventability by modified Schumock and Thornton’s criteria and types of reactions by Rawlins and Thompson classification. Subgroup analysis was performed between serious and non-serious reactions. Results: Of the total of 135 reactions reported 111 reactions from 97 patients were included for analysis. The incidences of overall and serious ADRs were 0.25 and 0.06 per 1000 patients, respectively. The most commonly implicated organ systems were skin and appendages (52.25%). The major causative drug classes were antimicrobials (40.28%), central nervous system (23.61%) and autacoids (15.97%). About twothirds of the reactions (65.77%) were classified as probable and one-tenth (8.10%) as preventable. The factors significantly associated with serious reactions were age group 40-60 years (odds ratio [OR]: 5.51), parenteral drugs (OR: 2.96), central and peripheral nervous system disorders (OR: 5.06), body as a whole - general disorders (OR: 9.05) and acute onset reactions (OR: 52.62). Conclusion: Antimicrobials are common causative agents. Cohort study is recommended to confirm the risk factors of serious ADRs in Indian population.
RESUMEN
Abstract : Present study was carried out to evaluate hepatotoxicity of nimesulide by single dose and seven days administration in sub therapeutic, therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses in litters of rat. Single dose and seven days administration hepatotoxicity studies of nimesulide were carried out in litters of rat of either sex. They were further subdivided into sub therapeutic (20 mg/kg), therapeutic (30 mg/kg) and supra therapeutic (100 mg/kg) groups. Effect of nimesulide on liver functions were analysed by serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and histopathological examination of liver through scoring system. Histopathological changes in liver were observed in therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses in single dose groups and sub therapeutic, therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses in seven days groups. In single dose of nimesulide in litters, there were significant increases in biochemical parameters (p< 0.05) in supratherapeutic doses. However, in seven days studies of nimesulide in litters, there were significant increases in biochemical parameters (p< 0.05) in therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses. The present study indicates that nimesulide causes significant hepatotoxicity in litters of rat.