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Abstracts: Background & Objective: Blood is an amazing fluid. Blood is obtained only from healthy human being, till date we are not able to prepare blood artificially and no effective substitute is invented. Blood donor is the main brick on which whole building of blood transfusion service is standing. Blood transfusion considered life saving measure to patient if used appropriately but at the same time it is harmful and potential vector of transfusion transmitted infection like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, syphilis, malaria and many others. Methodology: The present study was carried out at blood bank of GMERS medical college and hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. The period of the study included 6 calendar years from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2014.whole blood was collected from voluntary and replacement blood donors after following stringent screening criteria. Blood donor details like age, sex, weight, hemoglobin, blood group and transfusion transmitted infections status were noted. Results: Whole blood was collected from 14276 blood donor during study period. Out of them voluntary blood donors were 12606(88.30%) and replacement blood donors were 1670(11.70%). Total male donor and total female donor were 13266(92.93%) and 1010(7.07%) respectively. Age group 21-25 years blood donors donated maximum numbers 3418(23.94%).prevalance of B blood group 5373(37.64%) followed by O blood group 4321(30.27%), A blood group 3262(22.85%), AB blood group 1319(9.24%).out of 14276 transfusion transmitted infections tested blood units, 70(0.5%) blood units were positive for transfusion transmitted infections. Conclusion: Even Among all types of blood donors Voluntary blood donors are major part. Blood donor in Age group 18-30 years are the major source of blood collection. B positive is the most common and AB positive is least common blood groups. Seropositive prevalence of Transfusion transmitted infections in blood donor is 0.5% in all blood donors. HBsAg is the most common transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors.
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Abstracts: Background & Objective: Malaria is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries. Rapid diagnosis and accurate quantification of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia are important forthe management of malaria. The objective of this study was to measure prevalence of malaria and analyse the results of malaria diagnostic methods. Methodology: RDT and microscopy was carried out to diagnose malaria. Results were simply presented as percentage positive of total number of cases under this study. Results of microscopy were compared with RDT based on antigen detection for malaria diagnosis. Results: Total 503 cases were detected having infection of malaria. Out of them 405(80.52%) were positive for P. vivax, 73 (14.51%) were positive for P. falciparum and 25 (4.97%) were having mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum. Sensitivity of RDTs was excellent as compare to microscopy. Conclusion: We can conclude based on the present study that sensitivity of RDT is very good as compare to traditional microscopy. But for the confirmation microscopy remains gold standard test for malaria identification.
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Abstracts: Background: Various type of ocular infections are responsible for increased prevalence of morbidity and blindness worldwide. Specific therapy of ocular infections often requires etiological diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity profile for individual. Methodology: This study was conducted on 120 patients attending ophthalmology institute in tertiary care eye hospital. All patients were included consecutively after the initial clinical diagnosis of ocular infection. Brief clinical history and demographic data along with samples was collected and analyzed in proper manner in accordance with standard protocols. Results: Out of total 120 samples, 55 samples were positive for bacterial culture. Most common causative organism among gram negative isolates, was Pseudomonas (19/55) and in case of the gram positive isolates, was S. aureus (16/55). Maximum sensitivity was observed towards linezolid and vancomycin for gram positive isolates and for rest of others, imipenem and combinations antibiotics. Conclusion: The type and pattern of organisms that cause ocular infection changes over time. Antibiotics which have broad coverage, sensitivity and are effective enough to treat the common corneal pathogens should be used.
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Background & objectives: Blood is lifesaving fluid that cannot be created artificially. So, Blood donors are the precious resources. Whole blood donation is generally considered to be a safe procedure but sometimes adverse donor reaction (ADR) may occur. Recognition and evaluation of the so called adverse donor reactions during and after whole blood donation has a great value for improving the supply of the blood donation. The present prospective study was carried out with an aim to estimate the frequency and severity of adverse events occurring in whole blood donors at our Regional Blood Transfusion Centre and to study the effect of entertainment as an anxiolytic on development of ADR. Material and Method:The present prospective study was carried out at the IHBT Department of B.J. Medical College, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad. The period of the study was 2 years ranging from 1st September, 2009 to 31st October, 2011. A total of 42,684 whole blood donations were accepted during the period either on replacement basis in house in blood bank or on voluntary basis in outdoor blood donation camps. On 22-02-2011 television set with entertaining channels was installed at the donor reception area and phlebotomy room of the blood bank. Result:It was noted that 632 (1.48 %) donors had developed one of ADR. Conclusion: Because of anxiety syndrome, the rate of ADR was very high in first-time donors (3.25 %) as compared to repeat donors. Television set with entertaining channels had anxiolytic effect on the donors and striking decline (0.81 % to 0.45 %) was noted in the adverse reactions in replacement donors at blood bank.
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Background:Although blood transfusion is a life saving therapy, it is associated with various ill effects, which can cause increased morbidity and mortality in recipients. Testing of all donated blood for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) such as HIV I & II, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis is one of the strategies recommended by WHO to ensure safe blood. However, if the donor is already having an infection, transmissible by blood, the transfusion will be rather hazardous for the recipient. The national blood policy of India 2002 advocates the disclosure of results of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) to blood donors. Aim:To assess the attitude of the transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) reactive blood donor in response to the post-donation calls from blood bank. Material and methods: A total of 20865 blood donors came to the department of IHBT in period of one year from 1St November 2009 to 31St October 2010.All donated blood was screened against HIV I & II , Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis and malaria. On screening the units, it was found that 391 donation units (1.874 %) were positive for one of the TTIs, namely HIV I & II, HBsAg, HCV or syphilis. As follow-up, these donors were recalled at blood bank by a phone call. Results: out of 391 reactive donors only 236 responded to call (average response rate was 60.36%). Conclusion: The study suggest that authorities should frame some guidelines and rules that can increase the response rate among reactive donors and make them assessable because it enables their future investigation and treatment and the prevention of diseases transmission to the community.
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Background: Viral hepatitis is one of the major causes of mortality & morbidity in developing countries. Present study was aimed to know the seroprevalence and co infection of the acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E virus from patient attending one of the largest tertiary care hospitals. Material and Methods: Study was carried out from May 2009 to June 2010 at our hospital. A total of 556 serum samples were tested for HBsAg, antibody for HCV, IgM antibody of HAV and HEV by ELISA method from the patients having clinical signs & symptoms of acute viral hepatitis. Statistical analysis: Chi square test was done and the association was considered to be statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: Out of 556 suspected cases of acute hepatitis 281 were positive. Among the total positive cases, IgM anti HAV antibodies was 70 (24.91%), IgM anti HEV antibodies was 141 (50.18 %), HBsAg was 65 (23.13%) and HCV was 5 (1.78 %). Dual infection was seen in 14 (4.98 %) cases with 6 children cases. Among the HAV positive patients, 80% were children, In contrast to that HEV infection (63.1%) and HBsAg infection (61.5%) was common in young adult. HCV infection was found common in adults more than 20 years of age. Overall male was affected more than female. Conclusion: Sporadic HEV infection constitutes significant cause of the acute viral hepatitis. In the light of this result a nationwide survey is recommended to confirm this pattern in the other areas. As vaccine for HEV is not available, prevention in form of improvement of socio - economic and hygienic standards of the population is the better option.
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Background: Although prevalence of MRSA strains is reported to be increasing, there are scanty studies of their prevalence in community acquired pyoderma in western India. Aims: This study aimed at determining clinicobacteriological profile & prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in community acquired pyoderma. Materials and methods: Prospective study was carried out in tertiary care hospital in Baroda.100 patients with pyoderma, visiting outpatient department of dermatology, were studied clinically and microbiologically. Sensitivity testing was done for gram positive & gram negative organisms by disc diffusion method. MRSA were detected by Agar dilution method. Result: Primary pyoderma accounts for 64% of cases with highest number of cases were of Impetigo (26%). The culture positive rate was 83% with Staphylococcus aureus being the major pathogen. (78.82%) Out of these 10.45% strains of Staphylococcus aureus were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (MRSA) Conclusion: MRSA as a cause of pyoderma is a reality albeit in present study group. All the MRSA isolated were sensitive to Vancomycin. Sensitivity to Amoxyclav, Fluoroquinolones & Macrolides is quite good, which can be used for treatment.
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The t(8;21) accounts for 5-12% of AML patients, often occurring in the younger population (1). This translocation fuses the AML 1 gene on chromosome 21q22 and the ETO gene on 8q22 resulting in a AML1-ETO hybrid transcript. Under the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the t(8;21) is distinctly characterized under AML with recurrent aberrations with a favorable prognosis. Variant t(8;21; var) display comparable clinical manifestations compared to the classical translocation; however, they are less defined and their clinicak significance remains arguable. Complex t(8;21) variants account fo approximately 3-4% of all AML1-ETO fusion transcripts with approximately 100 variants described in the literature (1,2). In this article, we discuss a variant (8;21) translocation in AML. Chromosomal analysis of this case using conventional cytogenetics showed an apparently balanced transcolation between the short arm of chromosome 1 at 1p36 and the long arm of chromosome 8 at 8q22. Subsequent FISH studies demonstrated that there was also a fusion of the AML1 and ETO genes on the derivative chromosome 8, a key event in M2, a small ETO signal on chromosome 1, a normal ETO signal on the other homologue 8 and two AML1 signals (a small AML1 signal on the normal copy of chromosome 21). This report demonstrates how important is to do FISH studies to characterize a specific rearrangement in the management of hematological maligancies.
La translocación (8;21) se presenta en un 5-12% de casos de leucemia mieloide aguda y ocurre preponderamente en una población joven de estos pacientes. En esta translocación se fusionan los genes AML1 en el cromosoma 21q22 con el gen ETO en el cromosoma 8 en el locus 8q22 produciendo un gen híbrido AML1-ETO, el cual esta asociado a un pronóstico bastante favorable. En este artículo presentamos un paciente cuyo cariotipo, usando citogenética convencional, mostró una "translocación aparentemente balanceada" entre el brazo corto del cromosoma 1 en la banda 1p36 y el brazo largo del cromosoma 8 en la banda 8q22. Los estudios de FISH usando la sonda de dos colores y doble fusión AML1/ETO determinaron que se trataba de una translocación triple entre los cromosomas 1, 8 y 21 ya que se pudo observar una fusión AML1/ETO el cromosoma 8 derivado, el cual es el evento clave en la translocación típica (8;21). Se observó además una señal de AML1 pequeña en el cromosoma derivado 21, una copia normal completa de AML1 en el homólogo normal 21, una señal pequeña de ETO en el brazo corto del cromosoma 1 así como una copia normal de ETO en el homólogo normal 8. El presente estudio nos permite ver la importancia de FISH en la caracterización de anormalidades cromosómicas así como el monitoreo de enfermedades hematológicas.