Histochemical characterization of duodenum at early, mid and late prenatal period in goats

Goats [Capra aegagrus hircus (L.)] play a significant role in providing supplementary income and livelihood to humans. The intestine plays a major role in foetus development and growth, and duodenum, as the part of small intestine, is responsible for breakdown of food. As there is not much studies available in literature on this aspect, here, we investigated the developing duodenum of 30 goat embryos/foeti irrespective of breed and sex. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and in cold acetone. Different histochemical techniques were applied for the detection and localization of neutral mucopolysaccharides, acid mucopolysaccharides, bound lipids, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, acid phosphatase enzymes, and DNA. The intensity of reactions increased as the age of foeti advanced. The goblet cells of the intestinal gland showed moderate reaction for Periodic acid schiff (PAS) and Acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPs) in the mid prenatal period (Gr. II) and intense to highly intense reaction in the late prenatal period (Gr. III). The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells exhibited negative to mild reaction for bound lipids in Gr. I, mild to moderate in Gr. II and mild to intense reaction in Gr. III. The luminal border of epithelial cells exhibited mild reaction in Gr. I & II, and moderate to intense reaction in Gr. III. The luminal border showed weak acid phosphatase reaction in Gr. I & II, and mild to moderate reaction in Gr. III. The nuclei of the epithelial cells showed mild to moderate Feulgen reaction in Gr. I & II, and intensely positive reaction in Gr. III.

Cytodifferentiation of fundic part of glandular stomach in non descript breed of Indian prenatal goat

Though the anatomy and physiology of the adult caprine (Capra hircus L.) stomach have been investigated extensively, the early development of the abomasum has not yet been fully elucidated. The glandular part of abomasum plays an important role in digestion of ingested food by action of gastric juices. Very few studies have been conducted so far regarding histogenesis of goat foetal abomasum in India. In the present study, we have investigated the embryonic and early foetal development of the goat, Capra hircus L. fundic abomasum. We collected 36 developing abomasum of healthy and normal embryos/foeti of goat and assigned them into three group viz. Gr. I (0-50 days of gestation), Gr. II (51-100 days of gestation) and Gr. III (101-150 days of gestation). Small pieces of tissues were processed by routine paraffin. The wall of glandular stomach, the fundic part, was composed of epithelium, pleuripotent blastemic tissue and serosa up to 44 days of gestation. Tunica muscularis became separable at 46 days of gestation. The epithelium was stratified type up to 50 days and gradually changed to pseudo-stratified columnar to simple columnar type from 76 days of gestation. Primary and secondary abomasal folds were observed at 51 and 76 days of gestation, respectively. Gastric pit, the fore runner of gastric gland was reported first at 70 days. The gland became branched tubular type at 145 days. The cells found in the mucosa of the abomasum were surface epithelial cells, chief cells, parietal cells, mucous neck cells and undifferentiated cells. Chief and parietal cell were observed at 76 days and mucous neck cells at 82 days of gestation. Reticular, collagen and elastic fibers came into sight at 38, 76 and 100 days of gestation, respectively. The present study is expected to supplement known data and knowledge regarding histogenesis of goat fetal abomasum and help in diagnosis and treatment of related congenital anomalies.

Postnatal developmental anatomy of testes and epididymis of Gaddi goats / Desarrollo anatómico postnatal de los testículos y epidídimo de cabras Gaddi

The study revealed that the testes of one-day-old Gaddi goats have descended in the scrotum along with adnexa. They were elongated compressed latero-medially and became ovoid during their postnatal growth and morphogenesis. The two testes were not different significantly in their weight and measurement. The average weight which was about 2.9 gm at birth grew to 107 gm (40X) in pubertal animals and nearly maintained it during the post-puberty (113 g). The mean length (1.46 cm), width (0.85 cm) and thickness (0.62 cm) also grew by 47, 60, and 83 times, respectively. In post-pubertal animals it measured 7.06 x 5.20 x 5.10 cm. The study indicated a very fast growth of the testes from birth to puberty, which did not alter significantly after that. A relatively much faster growth in thickness and width over the length was the reason behind the change of the morphology from more elongated shape at birth to ovoid shape on maturity. The mediastinum testis was grossly discernible in the testis even at birth. Epididymis was identifiable into caput, corpus and cauda. The gross linear mensuration of these components did not differ in the caput and cauda regions on either side, whereas the length of corpus was more on the left side in all age group of animals. The growth curve revealed a continuous growth of all segments, but the fastest growth occurred in the early postnatal life (at 12­18 month age).

El estudio reveló que los testículos de las cabras Gaddi, de un día de edad, descienden al escroto junto con sus anexos. Se elongaron en dirección latero-medial y convirtieron en ovoides durante su crecimiento postnatal y en la morfogénesis. Los dos testículos no fueron significativamente diferentes en su peso y medidas. El peso promedio fue aproximadamente de 2,9 g al nacer, y aumentó a 107 g (40X) en animales púberes y casi mantuvo su peso durante la post-pubertad (113 g). La longitud (1,46 cm), ancho (0,85 cm) y espesor (0,62 cm) también crecieron unas 47, 60 y 83 veces, respectivamente. En los animales post-puberales las medidas fueron de 7,06 x 5,20 x 5.10 cm. Se observó un crecimiento muy rápido de los testículos desde el nacimiento hasta la pubertad, sin alterarse de manera significativa posteriormente. Un crecimiento relativamente mucho más rápido en espesor y anchura, sobre la longitud, fue la razón detrás del cambio de la morfología desde la forma más alargada, presente en el nacimiento, a la forma ovoide de la madurez. El mediastino testicular fue claramente identificado en el testículo, inclusive en el nacimiento. En el epidídimo se identificaron las porciones de la cabeza, cuerpo y cola. La medición lineal de estos componentes no difirió en las regiones de la cabeza y cola de cada lado, mientras que la longitud del cuerpo fue mayor en el lado izquierdo en todos los grupos. La curva de crecimiento reveló un crecimiento continuo de todos los segmentos, pero el mayor crecimiento se produjo en la vida postnatal temprana (entre los 12 y 18 meses).

Gross anatomical studies on the adrenal gland in prenatal goat (Capra Hircus) / Estudio anatómico macroscópico de la glándula suprarrenal en fetos de cabra (Capra Hircus)

The present study was conducted on the 24 healthy and normal embryos/foeti of non- descript goat (Capra hircus) varying from day old to 150 days of gestation. The embryo/foeti were assigned into three groups according to their gestational ages; Groups I (0-50 days), II (51-100 days) and III (101-till term). At 38 days of gestation the primordia of right and left adrenal gland were observed as a pea shaped spherical swelling located just cranial to the respective metanephros. Biometrical studies revealed the increase in the all parameters of the adrenal gland with the advancement of age. Adrenal glands were harvested first grossly at 50 days of gestation.

El presente estudio se realizó en 24 embriones / fetos de cabra (Capra hircus) sanos de un día hasta los 150 días de gestación. Los embriónes fueron separados en tres grupos de acuerdo a la edad gestacional: grupos I (0-50 días), II (51 a 100 días) y III (101-till plazo). A los 38 días de gestación se observó el primordio de las glándulas suprarrenales derecha e izquierda como una protuberancia de forma esférica, situada justo en la zona craneal en relación al metanefros. C on el avance de la edad, estudios biométricos revelan aumento de todos los parámetros de la glándula suprarrenal. Las glándulas suprarrenales fueron extraídas inicialmente a los 50 días de gestación.

Gross anatomical, histological and histochemical studies on the postnatal development of the prostate gland of Gaddi goat / Estudios anatómicos macroscópicos, histológicos e histoquímicos sobre el desarrollo postnatal de la glándula prostática de la cabra Gaddi

The study was conducted on the prostate gland of Gaddi goat from one day old to more than five years of age divided into three groups viz; prepubertal (1 day old to < 18 months of age), pubertal (18 months to < 5 yrs of age) and postpubertal (> 5 yrs of age). The prostate comprised of corpus prostatae, a band like structure close to the junction of vesicular gland with the urethra, and the pars disseminate which extended in urethra well from its origin to the point of duct of bulbourethral gland. Microscopically, the corpus prostatae comprised of two compact glandular masses lying one over the other, dorsally over the origin of pelvic urethra covered by a thick fibro-reticular capsule. The gland composed of end pieces (luminated and non-luminated acini) and ducts arranged in lobulated fashion. The thickness of inter and intralobular connective tissue decreased with increased age at the expense of the growth of paraenchyma. With age the luminated secretory end pieces increased, while the non-luminatedend pieces decreased in the lobules of the gland. Glandular parenchyma were rich in mucous components by 6 month age serous and mucous components became almost equal and at 12 month age majority of the secretory end pieces turned in to serous type. The excretory ducts which were lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium in one day old kids changed to transitional epithelium in late prepubertal and pubertal animals. The glandular elements were PAS and Best's carmine reactive while interstitial connective tissue was non reactive. Mild alkaline phosphatase reaction was evident in the interstitial connective tissue cells. A strong acid phosphatase reaction was evident in the endothelium. BPB reaction for protein was moderate to intense. Ducts and acini were PAS and Alcian Blue reactive. The reaction for glycogen and AMPS contents in the gland increased with age. It was very intense in the pubertal animals. Moderate DNA activity, mild to moderate alkaline and acid...

Se realizó un estudio de la glándula próstatica de la cabra Gaddi, desde el día uno de nacimiento hasta después de los cinco años de edad, divididos grupos prepuberal (1 día a 18 meses de edad), puberal (18 meses a <5 años de edad) y post-púberes (más de 5 años de edad). La próstata estaba constituida por un cuerpo prostático, estructura como una banda cercana a la unión de la glándula vesicular con la uretra, y una pars diseminada la cual se extendía en las paredes de la uretra desde su origen hasta el punto de los conductos de la glándula bulbouretral. Microscópicamente, el cuerpo prostático está compuesto por dos masas compactas glandulares situadas una sobre la otra, dorsalmente sobre el origen de la uretra pélvica cubierta por una gruesa cápsula fibro-reticular. La glándula compuesta por piezas terminales (acinos luminal y no luminal) y conductos dispuestos en forma lobulada. El espesor del tejido conectivo inter e intralobulillar disminuyó con el aumento de la edad a expensas del crecimiento del parénquima. Con la edad aumentaron las piezas terminales secretoras luminales, mientras que en las piezas terminales no luminales, disminuyeron en los lóbulos de la glándula. El parénquima glandular era abundante en componentes mucosos a la edad de 6 meses, mientras que los componentes serosos y mucosas se equilibraron a los 12 meses de edad; la mayoría de las piezas finales secretoras se transformaron a tipo serosa. Los conductos excretores que estaban revestidos por epitelio cúbico estratificado en el día uno de las crías, cambió a epitelio de transición en los animales prepúberes y púberes. Los elementos glandulares fueron reactivos al PAS y al carmín de Best, mientras que el tejido conectivo intersticial no fue reactivo. Una reacción leve a la fosfatasa alcalina fue evidente en las células del tejido conectivo intersticial, mientras que una reacción fuerte se evidenció en el endotelio. La reacción de BPB para proteína fue de moderada a intensa. Los conductos...