RESUMEN
Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy [DR] are nowadays a major public health threat. The aim of this study is the screening of DR and diabetic maculopathy [DM] in a primary medical care center in Lebanon. We study also the interest of retinography and of SD-OCT in a tele-medicine screening program. This is a transversal study of patients with type 2 diabetes and with a regular follow-up in a primary medical care center in Beirut. For every patient, a retinography and an SD-OCT of the macula were obtained. Photos were sent by Internet to the Ophthalmology Department of Hotel-Dieu de France to be evaluated by a retina specialist. Visual acuity and DR risk factors were assessed. 119 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 51.7 +/- 10.2 years [54 females and 65 males]. Mean diabetes duration was 12.15 years [SD 6.2]. Mean of last three measurements of glycated hemoglobin was 8.1 +/- 1.34%. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 36 patients by retinography [30.3%]. Diabetic maculopathy was confirmed by SD-OCT in 13 patients. Visual acuity was significantly correlated with central macular thickness. Mean diabetes duration, mean of last three measurements of glycated hemoglobin, peripheral neuropathy, positive macroalbuminuria and treatment with insulin were independently associated to diabetic retinopathy. Teleophthalmology is an efficient way for screening diabetic retinopathy in the Lebanese population. National screening program should be undertaken to adapt teleophthalmology on a larger scale
RESUMEN
To calculate the prevalence of emmetropia, myopia, hyperopia, and amblyopia. Cross sectional, descriptive, populationbased study, studying 212 randomly selected Lebanese patients of Armenian origin, aged from 15 to 45 years, from June 1[st] till September 30[th] 2003. The patients presenting with no exclusion factors are examined, before and after cycloplegia. Mean keratometry and mean ocular axial length are measured for each eye. 212 patients are examined. Mean age is 33.6 years. Sexe ratio F/M is 1.94. The prevalence of hyperopia, emmetropia and myopia is 14.6%, 51%, and 34.4% before cycloplegia, and 50%, 16.5% and 33.5% after cycloplegia, respectively. 14.9% of patients wearing myopic corrections were not found myopic after cycloplegia. The prevalence of amblyopia is 19.8%. Most of hyperopic patients do not wear eyeglasses [p = 0.00000101], whereas most of the myopic patients wear eyeglasses [p = 0.00000024]. Prevalence of hyperopia is very high [50%] in this group of Lebanese Armenian population, as well as amblyopia [19.8%]. Moreover, 6.7% of myopic patients wearing eyeglasses are not truly myopic