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Objective:To investigate the short-term effects of acute fructose intake on serum antioxidant capacity and liver enzymes in healthy young adults.Methods:From January to June 2019, 64 healthy young subjects were recruited, and divided into 75 g glucose group, 25 g fructose group, 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group by random digits table method with 16 cases each. The subjects took corresponding amounts of glucose or fructose according to grouping. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-OH deoxyguanine (8-OHdG) before taking sugar and 30, 60, 120, 180 min after taking sugar, and the changes of ALT, AST and LDH at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after taking sugar compared with that before taking sugar.Results:One case in 50 g fructose group, 2 cases in 75 g fructose group and 1 case in 75 g glucose group dropped out due to adverse reaction; finally, 15 cases in 75 g glucose group, 16 cases in 25 g fructose group, 15 cases in 50 g fructose group and 14 cases in 75 g fructose group completed the study. The increase of ALT and AST after taking sugar in 25 g fructose group, 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group was significantly higher than that in 75 g glucose group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05); there was no statistical difference in the change of LDH after taking sugar among 4 groups ( P>0.05). One hundred and eighty min after taking sugar, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis result showed that there were no statistical differences in the areas under curve of ALT, AST and LDH among 4 groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in SOD before taking sugar among 4 groups ( P>0.05); the SOD 60 min after taking sugar in 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group, and SOD 180 min after taking sugar in 25 g fructose group, 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group were significantly lower than those in 75 g glucose group: (4.84 ± 1.88) and (4.38 ± 1.12) μg/L vs. (6.25 ± 1.65) μg/L, (4.46 ± 1.66), (5.22 ± 1.66) and (3.99 ± 0.96) μg/L vs. (6.55 ± 1.78) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the changes of JNK, GPX, MDA and 8-OHdG before and after taking sugar among 4 groups ( P>0.05). The ROC curve 180 min after taking sugar analysis result showed that the area under curve of SOD in 75 g fructose group was significantly lower than that in 75 g glucose group (9.06 ± 1.88 vs. 12.74 ± 3.15), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); there were no statistical differences in the areas under curve of GPX, JNK, MDA and 8-OHdG among 4 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Acute fructose intake can lead to the decrease of antioxidant capacity, and the increasing of oxidative damage and liver enzymes in healthy adults.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of naltrexone hydrochloride combined with trazodone on preventing relapse in heroin addicts after detoxification.Methods:A total of 274 opioid heroin addicts who received treatment in Beijing Gaoxin Hospital between June 2016 and January 2019 were included in this study. After detoxification with methadone, all patients were randomly assigned to receive either naltrexone hydrochloride combined with trazodone (group 1, n = 60) or naltrexone hydrochloride alone (group 2, n = 60) for preventing relapse in heroin addicts. The effects on relapse prevention were determined in each group. Results:There were no significant differences in age distribution, sex composition, marital status, and drug use between groups 1 and 2 (all P > 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the non-relapse rate was 86.7% (52/60) and 6.7% (4/60) in groups 1 and 2 respectively, in the case of unchanged personal life status. There was significant difference in non-relapse rate between groups 1 and 2 ( χ2 = 77.1, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Naltrexone hydrochloride combined with trazodone exhibits superior efficacy in preventing relapse in opioid heroin addicts after detoxification to naltrexone hydrochloride alone.
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Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is the dry root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi （Valerianaceae） with a long medical history and a broad range of application， which is effective in regulating Qi， relieving pain， resolving depression， and enlivening spleen， as well as dispelling dampness and relieving swelling by external application. It can be used for the treatment of abdominal distension， loss of appetite， and vomiting. Besides， it can also relieve toothache and treat dermatophytosis and pyogenic infection by external use. Moreover， it serves as a common medicinal material in ancient Ayurveda and Unani medical systems in India and also as an ingredient in spices， foods， and cosmetics. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma possesses multiple pharmacological activities， such as sedation， anti-epilepsy， anti-convulsion， anti-depression， anti-arrhythmia， anti-malaria， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria， anti-oxidation， and blood sugar metabolism improvement due to its multiple compounds contained， including terpenes， flavonoids， coumarins， and lignans. The main active components are sesquiterpenoids represented by nardosinone. The pharmacological activities， chemical compositions， and clinical applications of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma have been investigated， but the research on resources， distribution， quality control， cultivation status， and applications are rarely reported. As an important genuine medicinal material from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau， Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is obtained mainly from wild N. jatamansi. Accordingly， the conservation and sustainable utilization of N. jatamansi have attracted much attention all around the world. Based on the resource survey， cultivation research， and relevant literature available， the present study reviewed resources， geographical distribution， chemical compositions， pharmacological activities， quality control， cultivation， and applications of N. jatamansi， aiming to provide references for the conservation and development of N. jatamansi.
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The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in diverse brain functions via its extensive projections to multiple target regions. There is a growing understanding of the overall outputs of the OFC at the population level, but reports of the projection patterns of individual OFC neurons across different cortical layers remain rare. Here, by combining neuronal sparse and bright labeling with a whole-brain florescence imaging system (fMOST), we obtained an uninterrupted three-dimensional whole-brain dataset and achieved the full morphological reconstruction of 25 OFC pyramidal neurons. We compared the whole-brain projection targets of these individual OFC neurons in different cortical layers as well as in the same cortical layer. We found cortical layer-dependent projections characterized by divergent patterns for information delivery. Our study not only provides a structural basis for understanding the principles of laminar organizations in the OFC, but also provides clues for future functional and behavioral studies on OFC pyramidal neurons.
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Objective:To study the effect of mindfulness-based training intervention on clinical efficacy in patients with nitrous oxide(laughing gas) addiction.Methods:From June 2019 to June 2020, sixty-six patients with nitrous oxide addiction in Beijing Gaoxin Hospital were selected and randomly divided into experimental group( n=33) and control group( n=33). The control group received Taijiquan training and physical training, while the experimental group added mindfulness-based training intervention on the basis of Taijiquan training and physical training.Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) scores and visual analog scales (VAS) craving scores were compared between the two groups at admission and 8 weeks after treatment.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t test and paired sample t test were used to compare the differences between groups and within groups. Results:(1)Before treatment, there were no significant differences in subscale scores of SCL-90 between the two groups except for depression factor((2.45±0.86), (2.03±0.46), t=2.474, P<0.05). After treatment, the subscale scores of somatization((1.38±0.35), (1.68±0.34), t=-3.656, P<0.05), phobic anxiety((1.49±0.37), (1.81±0.30), t=-3.993, P<0.05), paranoid ideation((1.50±0.47), (1.88±0.31), t=-3.898, P<0.05) and psychotism((1.34±0.54), (1.55±0.27), t=-3.094, P<0.05) of SCL-90 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group.(2)Before treatment, there was no significant difference in VAS craving score between the two groups( t=0.857, P=0.395). After treatment, the score of VAS in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group( t=27.427, P<0.05). Conclusion:Mindfulness training intervention can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with nitrous oxide addiction, which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis misdiagnosed as mental disorder, improve the early diagnosis rate and reduce misdiagnosis.Methods:The clinical data of patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2012 to 2018 were collected. Patients misdiagnosed as mental disorders were screened out. Their psychiatric symptom characteristics, disease course characteristics, imaging and laboratory findings, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 121 cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis were collected, and 43 cases of mental disorders were screened out. Sixteen of the 43 patients (37.2%) had prodromal symptoms, and all the patients had psychiatric behavioral abnormalities (100%), including 32 cases (74.4%) of seizures, 13 cases (30.2%) of decreased level of consciousness, 21 cases (48.8%) of involuntary movements, 15 cases (34.9%) of decreased memory, 8 cases (18.6%) of speech dysfunction, and 8 cases (18.6%) of other neurological symptoms (central hyperventilation, autonomic dysfunction). Memory loss was observed in 15 cases (34.9%), speech dysfunction in 8 cases (18.6%), other neurological symptoms (central hypoventilation, autonomic dysfunction) in 8 cases (18.6%), and various symptoms may appear simultaneously or successively in the same patient. Thirty-eight cases had complete resolution of symptoms or only minor physical impairment, and 5 cases had recurrent admissions with mental abnormalities and seizures. The recurrence rate accounted for 11.6% (5/43).Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are complex and varied. Most of them have mental behavior abnormalities as the first symptom, which is easily misdiagnosed as mental disorder and delayed treatment will lead to prolonged disease course and poor prognosis.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for simultaneous determination of the contents of codonopatin ，syringin， atractylenolide Ⅰ，atractylenolide Ⅱ and atractylenolide Ⅲ，and to compare the contents of above 5 components in different varieties and harvesting periods of Codonopsis Radix. METHODS ：HPLC method was used. The column was Inertsil ODS- 3 with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were 210 nm （codonopatin），220 nm （syringin，atractylenolide Ⅱ ，atractylenolide Ⅲ），276 nm （atractylenolide Ⅰ）. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ ，and the sample size was 20 μ L. RESULTS：The linear range of codonopatin ，syringin， atractylenolide Ⅰ，atractylenolide Ⅱ and atractylenolide Ⅲ were 44.30-886.00 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7），6.50-130.03 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6）， 4.47-89.46 μg/mL（r＝0.999 5），2.53-50.50 μg/mL（r＝0.999 4），5.64-112.80 μg/mL（r＝0.999 5）；the limits of quantification were 2.446 0，0.168 0，0.248 1，0.065 7，0.099 8 μg/mL，and detection limits were 1.352 0，0.067 2，0.005 4，0.006 3，0.007 3 μ g/mL；RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h），repeatability and durability tests were all less than 2％；the recoveries were 98.87％-100.62％（RSD＝0.73％，n＝6），98.46％-101.54％ （RSD＝1.15％，n＝6），98.32％-101.12％（RSD＝1.19％，n＝ 96.83％-104.16％（RSD＝2.62％，n＝6），97.87％-100.99％ （RSD＝1.07％，n＝6）. The average contents were 33.78-431.82， 0-20.60，0.44-3.68，0-10.83，0.27-73.40 μ g/g. The content of 1271985629@qq.com codonopatin was in descending order was as follows as Codonopsis pilosula ＞C. tangshen ＞C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta （Nannf.） L. T. Shen ＞ecotypic variety of C.·1677· tangshen. The content of syringin in descending order was C. pilosula ＞C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta（Nannf.）L. T. Shen ＞C. tangshen，but it was not detected in ecotypic variety of C. tangshen . The content of atractylenolide Ⅰ in descending order was C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta（Namf.）L. T. Shen ＞ecotypic variety of C. tangshen ＞C. pilosula ＞C. tangshen . The content of atractylenolide Ⅱ in C. pilosula was higher than C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta（Nannf.）L. T. Shen ，but was no detected in C. tangshen and ecotypic variety of C. tangshen . The content of atractylenolide Ⅲ in descending order was C. pilosula ＞C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta（Nannf.）L. T. Shen ＞ecotypic variety of C. tangshen ＞C. tangshen . In Codonopsis Radix collected from Jul. to Oct. ，the content of codonopatin was the highest ；the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ was lower in sample collected from Jun. to Oct.；atractylenolide Ⅱ was not detected in sample collected in Aug. ；the contents of atractylenolide Ⅰ and atractylenolide Ⅱ were the lower in sample collected in Sept. ，and syringin and atractylenolide Ⅱ were not detected in some samples. CONCLUSIONS ： The established HPLC method is simple ，accurate，highly sensitive and reproducible. It can be used to simultaneously determine 5 active ingredients contents of Codonopsis Radix ；there are great difference in contents of 5 active ingredients in different varieties and harvesting periods of Codonopsis Radix.
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To introduce a new design needle and a device of microcatheter protection for lumbar intrathecal catheterization in rats,and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness. Sixty pathogen-free adult male Sprogue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups(n=30 in each group), the control group (group C) and the modification group(group M). The traditional puncture device, 20G needle, was used in the group C without extemal shielding protection. The new design puncture needle and the microinjection cock were used in the group M. All rats were assessed for motor function on postoperative. The motor function was evaluated 1 day afteroperation. Lidocaine was injected in the catheter at 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st day post-catheterization, methylene blue was injected in intrathecal at 30th day after operation, and the catheter location was observed. The paw withdrawal threshold(PWT) was measured at 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st,30th day after operation, open-field test was tested at preoperative and one week postoperative for the purpose of evaluating the autonomous behavior of rats. About motor function:level Ⅰ 75.9%,level Ⅱ 20.7%,level Ⅲ 3.4% in group C, and level Ⅰ 96.7%,level Ⅱ 3.3% in group M, Compared with group C,group M had higher percentage of the level Ⅰ in motor function (P＜0.05);Lidocaine test and methylen blue location showed that each one case of catheter was removed on the 14th and 21st day after intubation in group C, and total four cases were removed till the 30th day, while all catheters were in normal location in group M. There was significant difference between two groups in protection of the extemal portion of catheter(P＜0.05); The time of intrathecal injection in group M was only 1 minute, and it spent more than 3 minutes in group C. Compared with group C,the time of intrathecal injection is significantly shorter in group M(P＜0.01);PWT was reduced to the lowest on the third day after catheterization, and there was significant difference compared with preoperative(P＜0.05), PWT recovered on the 7th day and there were no significant difference between two groups; Compared with preoperative, there was no significant difference in the parameters of the group M in the open field test, neither between two groups. The new design puncture needle by its less injury and higher efficiency can be used in intrathecal catheterization. The microinjection cock is reliable and convenient for repeat injection with a perfect protection function of the external portion of catheter, meanwhile it has no impact on rats' autonomous behavior so that it is worthy of further promoting.
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Objective:To investigate therole of serum amylase elevation in the evaluation of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) patients and the related factors affecting serum amylase (AMS) levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.Methods:A total of 249 patients with DKA who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2011 to August 2018 were selected for this retrospective study. The patients were divided into the normal group ( n=176) and the elevated group ( n=73) according to the AMS level measured by fasting venous blood samples. The enumeration data such as sex, type of DM, diabetic vascular complications, number of deaths, number of ICU monitoring, and number of acute pancreatitis (AP) after discharge were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher test, and the measurement data such as age, pH, HbA1c, CO 2CP, Ca 2+, BUN, and Scr were analyzed by independent sample t test to compare the difference between the two groups. Results:The intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring rate was 50.7%, the median length of stay in ICU was 4 days, the median length of hospital stay was 14 days, and the median treatment cost was 28 000 yuan, which were higher in the elevated group than those in the normal group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in mortality, AP during hospitalization, and the probability of AP after discharge between the elevated group and the normal group ( P>0.05). The duration of diabetes, the number of previous DKA, the incidence of diabetic vascular complications, HbA1c, pH, BUN, and Scr in the elevated group were all higher than those in the normal group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions:DKA patients with elevated AMS are more likely to be admitted to ICU, and the length of stay in ICU, total length of hospital stay and total cost of treatment are all increased. Where as the overall mortality rate during hospitalization and the likelihood of AP after discharge are not increased.
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Objective:To investigate the recovery of patients with acute thallium poisoning after 9 years.Methods:A group of 14 patients with familial thallium poisoning who were admitted to our hospital in 2010 were followed up for 9 years.Results:Among the 14 patients with acute thallium poisoning, one patient died on the 14th day after poisoning, and all the other survivors were followed up 9 years later. The general condition of all the patients was significantly better than that of poisoning 9 years ago. The alopecia of all cases disappeared, the newborn hair grew normally, without gastrointestinal symptoms, numbness, pain in the limbs and mental symptoms. All the patients returned to normal intelligence and physical strength and had a normal life. One patient (No. 5) gave birth to 2 children successively after discharge. The first child was 6 years old and the second child was 2 years old. Both growth and intelligence were not different from those of the same age. Currently, the third pregnancy was more than 7 months. No.6 and No.10 patients were poisoned in their teenage and were currently all studying in university. No.6 patient suffered from Hashimoto's thyroiditis 7 years after poisoning, and he has been taking thiamazole tablets for two years. Poisoned infants, No.7, 8 ,11 and 12, were school-age children with normal growth, mental development and excellent academic performance. Among the 13 surviving patients, blood and urine samples from No. 1, No. 3, and No. 4 patients were collected, and no thallium concentration was detected, and biochemical examina-tion and neurological examination were all normal.Conclusions:Patients with acute thallium poisoning have a favorable prognosis according to the follow-up after 9 years. All patients have no obvious sequelae and have normal labor ability. Young women have normal fertility, and children have normal growth and mental development.
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Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in differential diagnosis of complex renal cysts and clear renal cell carcinoma with cystic change(CRCCC).Methods The ultrasonographic datas of 82 lesions in 82 patients with complicated renal cysts or CRCCC confirmed by pathology were analyzed.The characteristics of conventional ultrasound and CEUS were observed and evaluated.The lesions were graded according to Bosniak classification criteria.Results Pathological examination showed that 36 cases were complicated renal cysts and 46 cases were CRCCC. Routine ultrasound showed there were 9 cases (25.0％) with cystic masses and 27 cases (75.0％) with solid and cystic masses in complex renal cysts,of which 14 cases (38.9％) could detect color flow signals.In CRCCC,2 cases(4.3％)were with cystic masses and 44 cases(95.7％)were with solid and cystic masses, of which 33 cases(75.0％)could detect color flow signals.CEUS showed that only 18 cases(50.0％)of the complex renal cysts showed enhancement of cystic wall or septum,with equal or low enhancement at the peak,9 cases(50.0％) accompanied by decrease of renal cortex,35 cases (97.2％) had thin and regular cystic wall,no enhancement of cystic wall in all lesions,and 33 cases(91.7％)had septal thickness less than 1 mm.Forty-five cases (97.8％) of CRCCC showed enhancement of cystic wall or septum,40 cases(88.9％)showed equal or high enhancement at peak,30 cases(66.7％)were faster than the decrease of renal cortex,37 cases (80.4％) showed uneven thickness of cystic wall,24 cases (52.2％) showed enhancement of cystic wall nodules,and 28 cases (60.9％) showed uneven thickness of septum.After CEUS,33 cases(91.7％)of complex renal cysts were classified as grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,while 42 cases(91.3％) of CRCCC were classified as grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Conclusions The CEUS manifestations of complex renal cysts are different from those of CRCCC.The application of Bosniak criteria in CEUS is helpful for the differential diagnosis of complex renal cysts and CRCCC.
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Objective To explore the effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive function among the elderly in community. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 269 elderly people ( aged 65 and over) who were randomly selected from three communities. Through face-to-face interview, cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination(MMSE),and blood samples were collected for labo-ratory examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the vascular risk factors affecting cogni-tive function. Results Age (( 73. 1 ± 6. 6), ( 71. 3 ± 4. 9),t=4. 603,P<0. 05),education level ( χ2=12. 727,P<0. 05),hypertension (χ2=9. 106,P<0. 05) and LDL-C (χ2=5. 157,P<0. 05) were significantly different in the elderly with or without mild cognitive impairment(MCI). After controlling age,gender and ed-ucation,the logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(β=0. 378,P=0. 006,OR(95%CI)=1. 44 (1. 10-1. 91)),systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg( β=0. 350,P=0. 011,OR( 95% CI)= 1. 42( 1. 08-1. 86),1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa),and high LDL-C( β=0. 355,P=0. 014,OR(95%CI)=1. 43( 1. 08-1. 89)) were the risk factors of MCI in the elderly in the community. Hypertension alone or high LDL-C (β=0. 365, P=0. 029,OR(95%CI)=1. 44(1. 04-2. 00)) alone was risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in the eld-erly in the community. The risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly with hypertension and high LDL- C was 2. 00 times higher than that in the healthy elderly ( β=0. 696,P<0. 05,OR( 95%CI)= 2. 00( 1. 36-2. 97)). Conclusion Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly is closely related to hypertension and elevat-ed LDL-C levels. Multiple vascular risk factors can further increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Objective@#To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in differential diagnosis of complex renal cysts and clear renal cell carcinoma with cystic change(CRCCC).@*Methods@#The ultrasonographic datas of 82 lesions in 82 patients with complicated renal cysts or CRCCC confirmed by pathology were analyzed. The characteristics of conventional ultrasound and CEUS were observed and evaluated. The lesions were graded according to Bosniak classification criteria.@*Results@#Pathological examination showed that 36 cases were complicated renal cysts and 46 cases were CRCCC. Routine ultrasound showed there were 9 cases (25.0%) with cystic masses and 27 cases (75.0%) with solid and cystic masses in complex renal cysts, of which 14 cases (38.9%) could detect color flow signals. In CRCCC, 2 cases (4.3%) were with cystic masses and 44 cases (95.7%) were with solid and cystic masses, of which 33 cases (75.0%) could detect color flow signals. CEUS showed that only 18 cases (50.0%) of the complex renal cysts showed enhancement of cystic wall or septum, with equal or low enhancement at the peak, 9 cases (50.0%) accompanied by decrease of renal cortex, 35 cases (97.2%) had thin and regular cystic wall, no enhancement of cystic wall in all lesions, and 33 cases (91.7%) had septal thickness less than 1 mm. Forty-five cases (97.8%) of CRCCC showed enhancement of cystic wall or septum, 40 cases (88.9%) showed equal or high enhancement at peak, 30 cases (66.7%) were faster than the decrease of renal cortex, 37 cases (80.4%) showed uneven thickness of cystic wall, 24 cases (52.2%) showed enhancement of cystic wall nodules, and 28 cases (60.9%) showed uneven thickness of septum. After CEUS, 33 cases (91.7%) of complex renal cysts were classified as grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ, while 42 cases (91.3%) of CRCCC were classified as grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ.@*Conclusions@#The CEUS manifestations of complex renal cysts are different from those of CRCCC. The application of Bosniak criteria in CEUS is helpful for the differential diagnosis of complex renal cysts and CRCCC.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive function among the elderly in community.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 269 elderly people (aged 65 and over) who were randomly selected from three communities.Through face-to-face interview, cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination(MMSE), and blood samples were collected for laboratory examination.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the vascular risk factors affecting cognitive function.@*Results@#Age ((73.1±6.6), (71.3±4.9), t=4.603, P<0.05), education level (χ2=12.727, P<0.05), hypertension (χ2=9.106, P<0.05) and LDL-C (χ2=5.157, P<0.05) were significantly different in the elderly with or without mild cognitive impairment(MCI). After controlling age, gender and education, the logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(β=0.378, P=0.006, OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.10-1.91)), systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg(β=0.350, P=0.011, OR(95%CI)=1.42(1.08-1.86), 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and high LDL-C(β=0.355, P=0.014, OR(95%CI)=1.43(1.08-1.89)) were the risk factors of MCI in the elderly in the community.Hypertension alone or high LDL-C (β=0.365, P=0.029, OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.04-2.00)) alone was risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community.The risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly with hypertension and high LDL-C was 2.00 times higher than that in the healthy elderly (β=0.696, P<0.05, OR(95%CI)=2.00(1.36-2.97)).@*Conclusion@#Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly is closely related to hypertension and elevated LDL-C levels.Multiple vascular risk factors can further increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Objective To study the effect of baseline clinical characteristics of elderly female patients on their long-term ischemic cardiovascular events.Methods Of the 614elderly patients admitted to our center from April 2008to July 2010,144elderly female patients were divided into female cardiovascular events group(n=43)and female control group(n=101),470elderly male patients were divided into male cardiovascular events group(n=127)and male control group(n= 343).Their baseline clinical characteristics were compared.The patients were followed up for 4.5-6.7(5.6±0.9)years,during which the relationship between first ever acute ischemic cardiovascular events and their clinical factors were analyzed.Results The incidence of grade 2hypertension,grade 3hypertension and hypercholesterolemia,the ratios of antiplatelet drug therapy,CCB therapy and hypoglycemic drug therapy were significantly higher while the history of smoking was significantly shorter,the incidence of chronic renal insufficiency and the ratios of statins therapy,nitrates therapy and ACEI/ARB therapy were significantly lower in female patients than in male patients.The incidence of chronic renal insufficiency was significantly higher in female cardiovascular events group than in female control group(9.3％vs 1.0％,P=0.03).The age was significantly older,the incidence of CHD,ischemic cerebral stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the ratio of nitrates therapy were significantly higher in male cardiovascular events group than in male control group.Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the endpoint events were related with CHD,grade 2hypertension,grade 3hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,chronic renal insufficiency in female patients(HR=2.56,95％CI:1.19-5.54,P=0.017;HR=3.29,95％ CI:1.14-9.52,P=0.028;HR=2.77,95％CI:1.08-7.12,P=0.034;HR=2.61,95％CI:1.27-5.36,P=0.009;HR=22.70,95％CI:5.22-98.78,P=0.000)and were related with age,CHD and ischemic cerebral stroke in male patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion The effect of baseline clinical characteristics of elderly patients on their long-term ischemic cardiovascular events is different in males and females.The incidence of long-term cardiovascular events is closely related with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in elderly females.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the Raman spectral characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma, high-grade epithelial dysplasia and normal mucosa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty- six fresh samples of oral carcinoma, 50 of high-grade epithelial dysplasia and 32 of normal mucosa were collected. The i-Raman spectrometer with an optical fiber tube was applied to acquire Raman spectrum. The diagnostic model established by principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to analyze and classify the spectra of different samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences among the Raman spectra of these samples. Compared with the spectra of normal mucosa, the spectra of oral carcinoma and dysplasia showed strong peaks which were contributed to nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. The diagnostic models established by PCA-DFA could successfully classify these Raman spectra of different samples with a high accuracy of 96.4% (133/138). The model was evaluated by 'Leave one out' cross-validation and reached a high accuracy of 92.8% (128/138).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The proliferation and metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial high-grade dysplasia are more active than normal mucosa. The diagnostic models established by PCA-DFA can classify these Raman spectra of different samples with a high accuracy.</p>
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Química , Patología , Análisis Discriminante , Epidermis , Química , Patología , Mucosa Bucal , Química , Neoplasias de la Boca , Química , Patología , Membrana Mucosa , Química , Análisis de Componente Principal , Espectrometría RamanRESUMEN
By means of comparative analysis and literature review,the paper identified differences of private non-profit hospitals at home and abroad in terms of their historical background,fund-raising,tax-free qualification,and governance structure.On such basis,an analysis was made on the development paths of such hospitals in China,for theoretical references and decision support for their development.
RESUMEN
Objective:To explore the hemodynamic changes in aged patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: Our research included 2 groups, EH group, n=180 patients and Control group, n=100 subjects without cardiovascular diseases. The relevant indexes were recorded and compared by BioZ.com noninvasive hemodynamic monitor between 2 groups. Results: With statistic processing, the cardiac output/index (CO/CI), cardiac index, thoracic lfuid content (TFC), systemic vascular resistance/index (SVR/SVRI) were signiifcantly different between EH group and Control group, all P Conclusion: The hemodynamic changes exist at certain degree indicating the potential injury of cardiac function in aged EH patients, such changes might be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment in EH patients.
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Teenage pregnancy carries serious impacts on adolescent health. This study aimed to examine the effects of pregnancy on adolescents and to explore how they cope with the problems they faced during the pregnancy. It involved 26 adolescents residing in a government shelter home in Kuala Lumpur. A self-administered questionnaire containing a mixture of open- and closed-ended questions was used. Among physical (sleeping problem and self-care problem), psychological (emotional difficulties and low self-efficacy) and social (stigma and discrimination, financial difficulty, friendship problem and school dropout) problems, emotional difficulties were the most common problems, whereas stigma and discrimination was the least common. Young adolescents aged less than 16 years old were significantly associated with poor self-care (p=0.01). To cope with their problems, the adolescents generally used avoidance, withdrawal, and social support, particularly from parents and peers. Doctors were the least popular among all. In conclusion, holistic and individualised care is needed. Strategies to reduce emotional problem experienced by pregnant adolescents should be implemented. The available healthcare services for teenage pregnancy should also be promoted.
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ABSTRACT:The virulence genes ,hemolytic and antibiotic resistance characteristics from 19 isolated Streptococcus suis se‐rotype 2 in Anhui Province were investigated in this study .The PCR method was developed for detecting cps2J ,mrp ,ep f and sly gene;the plate method and micro‐ELISA were developed for detecting the hemolytic type and hemolytic titer ;the K‐B method was developed for detecting antibiotic resistance of 25 kinds of antibiotics .Results showed that there were 11 strains with the dominant virulence genotype of cps2J+ /mrp+ /ep f+ /sly+ accounting for 57 .9% .All strains were α‐hemolysis orβ‐hemolysis ,with hemolytic titer of 1∶4 to 1∶128 .Strains sensitive to rifapentine ,ceftazidime ,florfenicol and cefazolin was existed in high frequency with the sensitive rates for 84 .2% ,and the resistance to doxycycline ,tetracycline ,bacitracin and sul‐famethoxazole was existed in high frequency with the resistance rates for 82 .9% .The multi‐antibiogram typing was doxycyc‐line ,tetracycline ,bacitracin and sulfamethoxazole account for 63 .2% .In conclusion ,the distribution of virulence genes of S .suis 2 Anhui isolates was similar with that of domestic reported strains ,and there was some differences with that of over‐seas reported strains .CPS ,MRP ,EPF and SLY are important virulence factors and the incompleteness of sly gene had no effect to its haemolyticus .The multi‐antibiotic resistance of S .suis 2 Anhui isolates was serious .There is difference for anti‐biogram typing between S .suis 2 Anhui isolates and those in other areas .