Polymorphisms in TYMS for Prediction of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Colorectal Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Capecitabine is an extensively used oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil in treatment of colon cancer and is known to cause hand-foot syndrome (HFS). As the target enzyme for capecitabine, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a key role for 5-fluorouracil metabolism and has been associated with some side effects caused by capecitabine. The aim of our study is to identify the possible genetic predictors of capecitabine-induced HFS (CAP-HFS) in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. @*Materials and Methods@#Whole exons of TYMS were sequenced for 288 extreme phenotype HFS patients, including 144 severe or early-onset (first 2 cycles) moderate HFS extreme cases and 144 extreme controls with no reported HFS. The associations between polymorphisms and CAP-HFS were analyzed using logistic regression under an additive model. @*Results@#We identified a novel risk mutation (c.1A>G, chr18:657743), was associated with severe HFS in an extreme case who was affected during the first cycle of treatment. Moreover, we identified three new variants, rs3786362, rs699517, rs2790, and two previously reported variants, 5’VNTR 2R/3R and 3′-untranslated region 6-bp ins-del, which were significantly associated with CAP-HFS (p < 0.05). In silico analysis revealed that the effect of these polymorphisms in the TYMS region on the development of HFS might not be restricted solely to the regulation of TYMS expression, but also the TYMS catalytic activity through the indirect effect on ENOSF1 expression. @*Conclusion@#This study identified new polymorphisms in TYMS gene significantly associated with CAP-HFS, which may serve as useful genetic predictors for CAP-HFS and help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of HFS.

Polymorphisms in TYMS for Prediction of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Colorectal Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Capecitabine is an extensively used oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil in treatment of colon cancer and is known to cause hand-foot syndrome (HFS). As the target enzyme for capecitabine, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a key role for 5-fluorouracil metabolism and has been associated with some side effects caused by capecitabine. The aim of our study is to identify the possible genetic predictors of capecitabine-induced HFS (CAP-HFS) in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. @*Materials and Methods@#Whole exons of TYMS were sequenced for 288 extreme phenotype HFS patients, including 144 severe or early-onset (first 2 cycles) moderate HFS extreme cases and 144 extreme controls with no reported HFS. The associations between polymorphisms and CAP-HFS were analyzed using logistic regression under an additive model. @*Results@#We identified a novel risk mutation (c.1A>G, chr18:657743), was associated with severe HFS in an extreme case who was affected during the first cycle of treatment. Moreover, we identified three new variants, rs3786362, rs699517, rs2790, and two previously reported variants, 5’VNTR 2R/3R and 3′-untranslated region 6-bp ins-del, which were significantly associated with CAP-HFS (p < 0.05). In silico analysis revealed that the effect of these polymorphisms in the TYMS region on the development of HFS might not be restricted solely to the regulation of TYMS expression, but also the TYMS catalytic activity through the indirect effect on ENOSF1 expression. @*Conclusion@#This study identified new polymorphisms in TYMS gene significantly associated with CAP-HFS, which may serve as useful genetic predictors for CAP-HFS and help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of HFS.

Clinical features of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by pulmonary infection after chemotherapy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the clinical features of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) complicated by pulmonary infection after chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 108 ALL children (115 case-times) with post-chemotherapy pulmonary infection were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors for pulmonary infection and the relationship between pathogens and chest CT findings were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The highest incidence (77.4% ) of pulmonary infection occurred during remission induction, peaking at 31-60 days after chemotherapy. Patients with neutropenia had the highest incidence rate of pulmonary infection (67.0%). Bacteria (36%) and fungi (41%) were the two most common pathogens in the 41 patients who were etiologically suspected of or diagnosed with pulmonary infection. There was no significant difference in chest CT findings between patients with bacterial and fungal infections.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The children with ALL are most susceptible to pulmonary infection during remission induction, especially when they are neutropenic. Bacteria and fungi are the main pathogens of pulmonary infections in these patients. However, the changes in chest CT images are poor indicators of the nature of pulmonary infection.</p>

Flavones from flowers of Paulownia fortunei / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the flavones of the flowers of Paulownia fortunei.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The compounds were identified as: 3'-O-methyldiplacol (1), 6-geranyl-3, 3', 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxy flavanone (2), homoeriodictyol (3), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy flavone (4), 3'-methoxyluteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (5), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (6), kaempferol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (9), quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (10), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were obtained from the flowers for the first time.</p>

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the influence of neprilysin expression induced by LPS in BT325 cell line / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the influence of neprilysin expression induced by LPS in BT325 cell line.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>MTT was used to measure the levels of the survival rate of BT325 cultured with ginsenoside Rg1 and LPS in different concentrations. The expression of NEP was measured by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The survival rate of BT325 was obviously inhibited by LPS, and the expression of NEP was decreased. The survival rate of BT325 was obviously raised by ginsenoside Rg1, and the expression of NEP was increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS can cause cell damage, and decrease the expression of NEP. Ginsenoside Rg1 can exert neuroprotective properties which protects BT325 cell line from the cell toxicity of LPS.</p>