RESUMEN
Objetivos: Investigar a capacidade do soro antielapídico produzido no Brasil na identificação de frações do veneno de seis espécies, incluindo as que constituem o pool de inoculação: Micrurus brasiliensis, M. corallinus, M. frontalis, M. lemniscatus, M. spixii e M. surinamensis. Métodos: As amostras utilizadas fazem parte do banco de venenos do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Biológicas, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás. O soro antielapídico foi cedido pela Fundação Ezequiel Dias. As metodologias empregadas foram eletroforese e imunoblotting. Resultados: Foi demonstrada uma variabilidade toxinológica e uma capacidade também variável de reconhecimento desses componentes pelo soro antielapídico. A partir da técnica de western-blotting o soro antielapídico da Fundação Ezequiel Dias foi capaz de reconhecer a maioria, mas não todos os componentes presentes nos venenos analisados. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem uma eficácia restrita do soro antielapídico já que o mesmo possui limitações quanto as espécies Amazônicas, o que reforça a necessidade de uma revisão dos estudos intra e interespecíficos dos venenos micrúricos.
Aims: To investigate whether the antielapid serum produced in Brazil could identify venom fractions from six species of Micrurus, including those in the inoculation pool: Micrurus brasiliensis, M. corallinus, M. frontalis, M. lemniscatus, M. spixii, and M. surinamensis. Methods: The samples belong to the venom bank of the Center for Biological Studies and Research from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brazil. The antielapid serum was granted by the Ezequiel Dias Foundation. Both electrophoresis and immunoblotting methods were used. Results: Variability in venom components and in the ability to recognize such components was demonstrated by the antielapid serum. Based on the western-blotting technique, the antielapid serum from Ezequiel Dias Foundation was able to recognize most, but not all the components present in the analyzed venoms. Conclusions: The results suggest restricted efficacy of the antielapid serum, due to its limitations against species from the Amazon region, reinforcing the need for a review of intraspecific and interspecific studies of Micrurus venoms.
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Mordeduras de Serpientes , AntivenenosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis of great importance to public health and is considered a neglected disease by the World Health Organization. The disease has expanded and become more prevalent in urban areas in Brazil. METHODS: Geospatial analyses were performed and thematic maps of the triad of the disease were produced for the study period (2003-2012) in the urban area of the municipality of Rondonópolis in the midwestern State of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil, TerraView 4.2.2 software was used for the analyses. RESULTS: A total of 87.9% of the 186 confirmed human cases of VL were cured. Children between the ages of 1 and 4 were the most affected. Registered deaths were predominant among adults aged 60 years or older. The urban area of the municipality consists of eight strata and 12 census districts include 237 neighborhoods. All sectors had confirmed cases of VL. During the study period, human cases of the disease were recorded in 90 neighborhoods. The 23 deaths from the disease were distributed in 21 neighborhoods. Sandflies carrying the parasite were captured in 192 out of 200 neighborhoods evaluated for the presence of the VL vector. The presence of dogs carrying the parasite was confirmed in, 140 out of 154 surveyed neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrated the endemic nature of VL, with a high percentage of infected children, a high distribution of canine infection, and a wide adaptation and dispersal of the vectors in the urban environment. These results, illustrate the process of urbanization of VL in the municipality of Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil. .