Divergence insufficiency, thyroid disease

@#Dengue viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses of the Flavivirus genus. It is a common viral infection worldwide, especially in tropical regions. Various neurological manifestations such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) acute viral myositis, Guillain–Barré syndrome and others are increasingly reported. However, acute haemorrhagic encephalitis is a very rare presentation. Currently, there are only few previous case reports

H. pylori infection among Buddhist monks in the selected regions of Myanmar.

Background: The prevalence of H. pylori infection is different in various regions of Myanmar, and the results of studies are contradictory regarding incidence of H. pylori infection. The infection rate of H. pylori among the monks could reflect the prevalence of the particular region studied. Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the Helicobacter pylori status among asymptomatic Buddhist monks in Myanmar, and to observe the efficacy of clarithromycin based first line therapy by using C14 Urea Breath Test (PY test). Method: The Buddhist monks 17 years of age and above from the monasteries of both middle and lower Myanmar were selected by purposive sampling method. After filling out the questionnaire,H.pylori infection was detected by 14C-UBT (PY test, microCOUNTLite Liquid Scintillation Counter). H.pylori positive subjects were treated with 10 days' course of clarithromycin containing standard triple therapy as a first line.14C-UBT test was repeated at week 4 to check for H.pylori eradication status. Results: A total of 399 monks (from Bago and Mandalay city) were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 23.51+/ 8.907 years (range: 18 - 97). Urea breath test was positive in 65.4% of the monks. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was radically similar in different monasteries of different cities: Bago and Mandalay (67.52% ν 63.18%, p = 0.33). Among H. pylori infected monks, 67.7% achieved eradication with clarithromycin containing standard triple therapy. Conclusion: High H. pylori infection rates were found in asymptomatic Buddhist Myanmar monks and the standard triple therapy had moderate efficacy.

Widal agglutination test reaction in patients with fallciparum malaria

Serum samples from 115 patients with falciparum malaria who attended Tharyarwady Civil Hospital during summer and rainy seasons of 1991 were studied. Of these, 71 patients were followed at Day (7) of admission to the hospital. the sera were tested by tube agglutination for antibodies against H and O suspension of enteric fever organisms (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella paratyphi B). 3 samples of sera collected from patients with parasite density (1+) and suffering from uncomplicated malaria showed agglutination titre + 1/40 to 0 and H antigens of Salmonella typhi. One serum sample collected from a patient with parasite density (2+) and suffering from uncomplicated malaria showed agglutination titre + 1/40 to 0

The effect of halofantrine versus quinine on patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Myanmar

Sixty patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria (less than 5 Percent of RBCs parasitised) were studied. Patients were alternatively assinged to treat with Halofantrine or Quinine. Halofantrine was given orally 500 mg six hourly for three doses. Quinine 10 mg/kg was given orally three times a day for 7 days. All the patients were admitted to the hospsital for 7 days and were followed up on days 14, 21 and 28. There were no differences in parasite clearance time and fever clearance time between two groups of patients. Among the apatients treated with Quinine two faile to complete the durg course. In one patient who was treated with Halofantrine, the initial parasite count was 171429 cumm at O hour of admission to hospital. The parasites were cleared at 42 hours and he became unconscious at 48 hours. He was put on standard dose of Artemether plus Mefloquine, but the patient became deeply jaundice and expired at 72 hours of admission to hospital. We concluded that further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of Halofantrine on Myanmar patients with complicate fallciparum malaria.