Epidemiological survey of hepatitis B and analysis of hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate among children aged 1-14 years in Lhasa in 2006, 2014 and 2020 / 中华预防医学杂志

In 2006, 2014 and 2020, the positive rates of HBsAg in 560, 384 and 402 children aged 1 to 14 years were 4.5%, 2.6% and 2.5%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBs was highest in 2014 (57.8%) and lowest in 2006 (34.1%) (P<0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBc was highest in 2006 (15.7%), and decreased in 2014 (7.8%) and 2020 (5.7%) (P<0.001). The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for children in Lhasa in 2006, 2014 and 2020 was 7.7% (43/560), 50.3% (193/384) and 94.8% (381/402), respectively. The overall vaccination rates were 15.4% (86/560), 35.2% (135/384) and 96.0% (386/402), respectively, showing a trend of gradual increases (χtrend values were 718.63 and 589.59, both P values<0.001).

Nature-effect transformation mechanism of mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings based on chemical composition analysis / 中国中药杂志

Starting with the relationship between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings as food and metabolites, this study systematically compared the chemical components, screened out differential components, and quantitatively analyzed the main differential components based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). Moreover, the in vitro enzymatic transformation of the representative differential components was studied. The results showed that(1) 95 components were identified from mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings, among which 27 components only exist in mulberry leaves and 8 components in silkworm droppings. The main differential components were flavonoid glycosides and chlorogenic acids.(2) Nineteen components with significant difference were quantitatively analyzed, and the components with significant differences and high content were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin.(3) The crude protease in the mid-gut of silkworm significantly metabolized neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid, which may be an important reason for the efficacy change in mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. This study lays a scientific foundation for the development, utilization, and quality control of mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. It provides references for clarifying the possible material basis and mechanism of the pungent-cool and dispersing nature of mulberry leaves transforming into the pungent-warm and dampness-resolving nature of silkworm droppings, and offers a new idea for the study of nature-effect transformation mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

Relationship between expression of chemokine receptor 2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in aqueous humor and prognosis of trabeculectomy in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the levels of chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in aqueous humor and the prognosis of trabeculectomy in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A total of 80 cases(80 eyes)APACG patients who underwent trabeculectomy in our hospital from June 2020 to January 2022 were collected in the case group. According to the postoperative efficacy, they were grouped into a success group of 60 cases(60 eyes)and a failure group of 20 cases(20 eyes). Another 86 cataract patients(86 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification with normal intraocular pressure in our hospital during the same period were included in the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in aqueous humor. ROC curve was applied to analyze the value of predicting trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients by the levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in aqueous humor. Furthermore, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients.RESULTS: The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of the case group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of the failed group and the proportion of patients with postoperative shallow anterior chamber were significantly higher than those of the successful group(P&#x003C;0.05). The AUC for predicting trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients using CXCR2 and bFGF levels alone and in combination was 0.885, 0.883 and 0.953, respectively. CXCR2 and bFGF were independent risk factors for trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of APACG patients are obviously elevated, and both are risk factors for trabeculectomy failure.

Analysis of the impact of health management measures for entry personnel on imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province, 2020-2022 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the impact of health management measures for entry personnel (entry management measures) against COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Methods: Data of imported Dengue fever from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2022, mosquito density surveillance from 2016 to 2021, and international airline passengers and Dengue fever annual reported cases from 2011 to 2021 in Guangdong were collected. Comparative analysis was conducted to explore changes in the epidemic characteristics of imported Dengue fever before the implementation of entry management measures (from January 1, 2016 to March 20, 2020) and after the implementation (from March 21, 2020 to August 31, 2022). Results: From March 21, 2020, to August 31, 2022, a total of 52 cases of imported Dengue fever cases were reported, with an imported risk intensity of 0.12, which were lower than those before implementation of entry management measures (1 828, 5.29). No significant differences were found in the characteristics of imported cases before and after implementation of entry management measures, including seasonality, sex, age, career, and imported countries (all P>0.05). 59.62% (31/52) of cases were found at the centralized isolation sites and 38.46% (20/52) at the entry ports. However, before implementation of entry management measures, 95.08% (1 738/1 828) of cases were found in hospitals. Among 51 cases who had provided entry dates, 82.35% (42/51) and 98.04% (50/51) of cases were found within seven days and fourteen days after entry, slightly higher than before implementation [(72.69%(362/498) and 97.59% (486/498)]. There was significant difference between the monthly mean values of Aedes mosquito larval density (Bretto index) from 2020 to 2021 and those from 2016 to 2019 (Z=2.83, P=0.005). There is a strong positive correlation between the annual international airline passengers volume in Guangdong from 2011 to 2021 and the annual imported Dengue fever cases (r=0.94, P<0.001), and a positive correlation also existed between the international passenger volume and the annual indigenous Dengue fever cases (r=0.72, P=0.013). Conclusions: In Guangdong, the entry management measures of centralized isolation for fourteen days after entry from abroad had been implemented, and most imported Dengue fever cases were found within fourteen days after entry. The risk of local transmission caused by imported cases has reduced significantly.

Epidemiologic characteristics and influencing factors of influenza outbreaks in Guangdong Province, 2015-2022 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreaks in Guangdong Province by analyzing the outbreaks of influenza-like cases reported in Guangdong Province from January 2015 to the end of August 2022. Methods: In response to the outbreak of epidemics in Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2022, information on on-site epidemic control was collected, and epidemiological analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of the epidemics. The factors that influence the intensity and duration of the outbreak were determined through a logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 901 influenza outbreaks were reported in Guangdong Province, with an overall incidence of 2.05%. Most outbreak reports occurred from November to January of the following year (50.24%, 955/1 901) and from April to June (29.88%, 568/1 901). A total of 59.23% (1 126/1 901) of the outbreaks were reported in the Pearl River Delta region, and primary and secondary schools were the main places where outbreaks occurred (88.01%, 1 673/1 901). Outbreaks with 10-29 cases were the most common (66.18%, 1 258/1 901), and most outbreaks lasted less than seven days (50.93%,906/1 779). The size of the outbreak was related to the nursery school (aOR=0.38, 95%CI:0.15-0.93), the Pearl River Delta region (aOR=0.60, 95%CI:0.44-0.83), the time interval between the onset of the first case and the time of report (>7 days compared with ≤3 days: aOR=3.01, 95%CI:1.84-4.90), the influenza A(H1N1) (aOR=2.02, 95%CI:1.15-3.55) and the influenza B (Yamagata) (aOR=2.94, 95%CI: 1.50-5.76). The duration of outbreaks was related to school closures (aOR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.47-0.89), the Pearl River Delta region (aOR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.50-0.83) and the time interval between the onset of the first case and the time of report (>7 days compared with ≤3 days: aOR=13.33, 95%CI: 8.80-20.19; 4-7 days compared with ≤3 days: aOR=2.56, 95%CI: 1.81-3.61). Conclusions: An influenza outbreak in Guangdong Province exhibits two peaks, one in the winter and spring seasons and the other in the summer. Primary and secondary schools are high-risk areas, and early reporting of outbreaks is critical for controlling influenza outbreaks in schools. Furthermore, comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent the spread of the epidemic.

Application of Tranexamic Acid in Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To explore the optimal administration route of tranexamic acid (TXA) in shoulder arthroscopic surgery. Methods Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomly divided into four groups: control group (without TXA treatment), intravenous group (TXA was intravenously administered 10 minutes before surgery), irrigation group (TXA was added to the irrigation fluid during subacromial decompression and acromioplasty), and intravenous plus irrigation group (TXA was applied both intravenously and via intra-articular irrigation). The primary outcome was visual clarity assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the secondary outcomes included irrigation fluid consumption and time to subacromial decompression and acromioplasty procedure. Results There were 134 patients enrolled in the study, including 33 in the control group, 35 in the intravenous group, 32 in the irrigation group, and 34 in the intravenous plus irrigation group. The median and interquartile range of VAS scores for the intravenous, irrigation, and intravenous plus irrigation groups were 2.70 (2.50, 2.86) (Z = -3.677, P = 0.002), 2.67 (2.50, 2.77) (Z = -3.058, P < 0.001), and 2.91 (2.75, 3.00) (Z = -6.634, P < 0.001), respectively, significantly higher than that of the control group [2.44 (2.37, 2.53)]. Moreover, the control group consumed more irrigation fluid than the intravenous group, irrigation group, and intravenous plus irrigation group (all P < 0.05). The intravenous plus irrigation group consumed less irrigation fluid than either the intravenous group or the irrigation group (both P < 0.001). There was no difference in subacromial decompression and acromioplasty operative time among the four groups. Conclusion TXA applied both topically and systematically can improve intraoperative visual clarity, and the combined application is more effective.

Identification of an LDLR variant in a Chinese familial hypercholesterolemia and its relation to ROS/NLRP3-Mediated pyroptosis in hepatic cells / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant hereditary disease. Its early diagnosis and intervention significantly improve the patient's quality of life. However, there are few types of research on the FH pathogenic genes in China.@*METHODS@#In this study, we recruited a family diagnosed with FH and used whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze the proband variants. Intracellular cholesterol level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and the expression of pyroptosis-related genes were detected after overexpression of wild-type or variant LDLR in L02 cells.@*RESULTS@#A heterozygous missense variant predicted to be deleterious to LDLR (c.1879G > A, p.Ala627Thr) was identified in the proband. Mechanistically, intracellular cholesterol level, ROS level, and the expression of pyroptosis-related genes, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and components (caspase 1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and NLRP3), gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin (IL) -18, IL-1β was elevated in the variant LDLR group, which was attenuated by inhibition of ROS.@*CONCLUSIONS@#FH is associated with a variant (c.1879G>A, p.Ala627Thr) in the LDLR gene. Regarding the mechanism, the ROS/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in hepatic cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the LDLR variant.

Effect of sulfur fumigation on quality and safety of Lilii Bulbus / 中国中药杂志

Lilii Bulbus is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine with both medicinal and edible values, while the market products usually has the problem of sulfur fumigation. Therefore, the quality and safety of Lilii Bulbus products deserve attention. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) to analyze the differential components of Lilii Bulbus before and after sulfur fumigation. We identified ten markers generated after sulfur fumigation, summarized their mass fragmentation and transformation patterns, and verified the structures of phenylacrylic acid markers of sulfur fumigation. At the same time, the cytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts of Lilii Bulbus before and after sulfur fumigation was evaluated. The results showed that in the concentration range of 0-800 mg·L~(-1), the aqueous extract of Lilii Bulbus after sulfur fumigation had no significant effect on the viability of human liver LO2 cells, human renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells, and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. Moreover, the viability of the cells exposed to the aqueous extract of Lilii Bulbus before and after sulfur fumigation showed no significant difference. This study identified phenylacrylic acid and furostanol saponins as markers of sulfur-fumigated Lilii Bulbus for the first time, and made clear that proper sulfur fumigation of Lilii Bulbus would not produce cytotoxicity, providing a theoretical basis for the rapid identification and quality and safety control of sulfur-fumigated Lilii Bulbus.

Progress in research of 2019-nCoV Omicron variant / 中华流行病学杂志

2019-nCoV Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, which has brought new challenges to the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic, has the characteristics of stronger transmissibility and more rapid transmission and more significant immune evasion. It took only two months to become a predominant strain worldwide after its identification in South Africa in November 2021. Local epidemics caused by Omicron variant have been reported in several provinces in China. However, the epidemiological characteristics of highly mutated Omicron variant remain unclear. This article summarizes the progress in the research of functional mutations, transmissibility, virulence, immune evasion and cross-reactive immune responses of Omicron variant, to provide references for the effective prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic caused by Omicron variant.

Course of disease and related epidemiological parameters of COVID-19: a prospective study based on contact tracing cohort / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the course of disease and epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies. Methods: To display the distribution of course of disease of the infectors who had close contacts with COVID-19 cases from January 1 to March 15, 2020 in Guangdong Provincial, the models of Lognormal, Weibull and gamma distribution were applied. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic characteristics and epidemiological parameters of course of disease. Results: In total, 515 of 11 580 close contacts were infected, with an attack rate about 4.4%, including 449 confirmed cases and 66 asymptomatic cases. Lognormal distribution was fitting best for latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period of confirmed cases and infection period of asymptomatic cases; Gamma distribution was fitting best for infectious period and clinical symptom period of confirmed cases; Weibull distribution was fitting best for latent period of asymptomatic cases. The latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period, infectious period and clinical symptoms period of confirmed cases were 4.50 (95%CI:3.86-5.13) days, 5.12 (95%CI:4.63-5.62) days, 0.87 (95%CI:0.67-1.07) days, 11.89 (95%CI:9.81-13.98) days and 22.00 (95%CI:21.24-22.77) days, respectively. The latent period and infectious period of asymptomatic cases were 8.88 (95%CI:6.89-10.86) days and 6.18 (95%CI:1.89-10.47) days, respectively. Conclusion: The estimated course of COVID-19 and related epidemiological parameters are similar to the existing data.

Analysis on characteristics and influencing factors of COVID-19 confirmed cases with viral nucleic acid re-positive after discharge in Guangdong Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of COVID-19 confirmed cases with viral nucleic acid re-positive in anal and/or throat swabs after discharge during the domestic imported epidemic stage in Guangdong Province in early 2020. Methods: The COVID-19 confirmed cases with the onset time before March 1, 2020 in Guangdong Province were collected to analyze the demographic data, epidemiological characteristics, and specimen collection and testing data after discharge. Logistic regression model was used for influencing factors analysis of re-positive cases. Results: A total of 1 286 COVID-19 confirmed cases were included, the M(Q1,Q3) of age was 44(32,58)years, 617 cases were male, 224 cases were re-positive in anal and/or throat swabs with the re-positive rate 17.42%. The M(Q1,Q3) of age of re-positive cases was 35(23, 50) years, which was younger than that of re-negative cases age was those 46(33, 59) years (P<0.001). With the increase of age, re-positive rate decreased (χ2trend=52.73, P<0.001). 85.27% (191/224) of re-positive cases were found in 14 d after discharge, the duration time of re-positive status was 13(7, 24) d, and 81.69% (183/224) of re-positive cases were re-tested negative in 28 d after re-positive date. No fever and other symptoms had been observed among re-positive cases during the whole follow-up. No secondary infectious cases had been found among close contacts after 14 d of centralized isolation and sampling screening. Univariate logistic regression model analysis revealed that the influencing factors of the re-positive cases included age, occupation, clusters, clinical types, and admission time. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis revealed that age was an independent risk factor. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid re-positive is found in COVID-19 confirmed cases after discharge in Guangdong Province. Most re-positive cases are confirmed among 14 d after discharge and re-test to negative among 28 d after re-positive date. Age is an risk factor for re-positive cases after discharge.

Toxicity and Mechanism of Alkaloids in Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma （STRER） is a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice， which has the effects of clearing heat， removing the toxin， alleviating edema， and relieving sore throat. In recent years， the clinical reports of STRER-induced poisoning have gradually increased， with neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as the main characteristics of the acute attack. Timely treatment will lead to the good prognosis， but long-term or high-dose administration will cause irreversible damage. Therefore， the safety of clinical use of STRER should be highlighted. The chemical components in STRER mainly include alkaloids， flavonoids， triterpenoids， triterpenoid saponins， and polysaccharides， as well as small amounts of proteins， organic acids， and trace elements， where alkaloids both serve as the important material basis for the pharmacodynamic action and the main substances causing toxicity. The adverse events induced by STRER and its alkaloids include nerve injury, Hepatic injury, cardiovascular injury, kidney injury and reproductive injury， and gastrointestinal reaction. Quinolizidine alkaloids are the main toxic components， mainly including matrine， oxymatrine， cytisine， sophocarpine， oxysophocarpine， sophoridine， sophoramine， and lehmannine. Many studies have been carried out on the toxicity of different extracts and alkaloids of STRER in China and abroad， but there are no comprehensive and detailed reports on the toxicity mechanism of alkaloids in STRER. As a Chinese medicine， STRER is widely used. It's an urgent problem to clarify the material basis and mechanism of toxicity caused by STRER and reduce the toxicity for good clinical application. The present study reviewed the components of alkaloids， toxicity， and toxic mechanism of extracts and alkaloids in STRER to provide the basis for further development and clinical safe and effective application of STRER.

Bone proportional measurement on the chest and abdomen among 101 young females / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the bone proportional measurement standard on the chest and abdomen of modern women.@*METHODS@#The height, weight and distances of bone proportional measurement chest and abdomen of 101 young females were measured. The height was divided by 75 to calculate the data of bone proportional measurement, and compared with the national standard published in 2006 and the ancient literature of Miraculous Pivot: Gudu.@*RESULTS@#The bone proportional distances between two nipples and two coracoid processes of women were 8 cun and 12 cun respectively, which were in line with the 2006 national standard. The bone proportional distance from navel to superior margin of pubic symphysis (Qugu) was 6.5 cun, which was consistent with the ancient literature of Miraculous Pivot: Gudu. The bone proportional distance from suprasternal fossa to the middle point of xiphisternal synchondrosis (Qigu) was less than 9 cun, while the bone proportional distance from Qigu to navel was more than 8 cun, resulting in the ratio less than 9︰8. The bone proportional distance from suprasternal fossa to the middle point of xiphoid process was 9 cun, corresponding to the ratio of 9︰8 when comparing with the measurement from the middle point of xiphoid process to navel.@*CONCLUSION@#The bone proportional distance measurement between two nipples and two coracoid processes of women should follow the 2006 national standard, and the bone proportional distance measurement from navel to superior margin of pubic symphysis should follow the standard of Miraculous Pivot: Gudu. The middle point of xiphisternal synchondrosis should be replaced by the middle point of xiphoid process.

Recent advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with belimumab in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organs, and lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common renal complication of SLE. Belimumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that can reduce the number of B cells, thereby reducing the formation of autoantibodies. Belimumab can improve SLE response index and SLE disease activity score and delay the progression of LN in both adults and children and thus plays an important role in the treatment of SLE and LN. This article reviews related research reports of belimumab used in the treatment of children and adults with SLE in China and overseas and analyzes the efficacy and safety of belimumab in pediatric patients, in order to provide a reference for the clinical application of belimumab in children with SLE.

An Overview of Fermentation Technology Evolution and Process Control of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The historical evolution， fermentation technology and key links of Sojae Semen Praeparatum （SSP） were sorted out by consulting ancient books and modern literature， and the influencing factors and control methods of quality were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for the quality control of SSP. After analysis， it was found that in the fermentation process of SSP， fermentation strains， miscellaneous bacteria， temperature and humidity were all important factors affecting the quality of SSP. The condition control of "post fermentation" process has been paid more attention to in the past dynasties. In addition， the delicious SSP recognized in ancient times should be made from mold fermentation， and the breeding and application of fermented mold may be the key point to solve the quality problem of SSP. Therefore， based on the evaluation indexes of SSP in the past dynasties， it is of great significance to study and optimize the technological conditions such as strain， temperature and humidity in depth to improve the quality of SSP.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Paullinia cupana Dried Seeds by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The chemical constituents in guarana （<italic>Paullinia cupana</italic> dried seeds） were systematically analyzed to provide a basis for further research， development and utilization of this plant. Method:The contents of crude protein， crude fat， crude polysaccharide and crude fiber in guarana were determined according to national standards and related documents， and the chemical constituents of guarana was qualitatively analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， ACQUITY UPLC-HSS-T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was used with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution （B） as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-5 min， 2%-10%B； 5-6 min， 10%-20%B； 6-9 min， 20%-30%B； 9-9.5 min， 30%-35%B； 9.5-10.5 min， 35%-45%B； 10.5~13 min， 45%-55%B； 13-15 min， 55%-80%B； 15-19 min， 80%-98%B； 19-20 min， 98%B； 20-20.3 min， 98%-2%B； 20.3-23 min， 2%B）， the electrospray ionization （ESI） was used for detection in positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 50-1 500， and the structure was identified according to the relative molecular weight and fragment information combined with database matching and comparison of reference substances. Result:The contents crude protein， crude fat， crude polysaccharide and crude fiber in guarana were （0.63±0.03）%， （2.73±0.09）%， （3.23±0.12）% and （8.89±0.59）%， respectively. A total of 42 chemical constituents in guarana were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS， including 3 methylxanthines， 2 nucleosides， 1 amino acid， 3 organic acids， 33 flavonoids， 3 （<italic>L</italic>-tryptophan， epigallocatechin gallate， daidzein） of which were first discovered in guarana. Conclusion:Guarana is rich in nutrients and has good potential to be developed as a functional food. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique provides a simple， rapid and accurate method for the identification of chemical constituents in guarana. Methylxanthines and proanthocyanidins are the main chemical constituents of guarana， which is meaningful for quality evaluation and material basis of guarana.

Analysis on acupoint selection rules for impotence treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient based on data mining technology / 中国针灸

Based on the data mining technology, the rules of acupoint selection and prescription were analyzed for impotence treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient recorded in

Conversion of serum anti-Schistosoma japonicum antibodies detected by immunological tests following treatment with praziquantel: a meta-analysis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the conversion of serum antibodies against Schistosoma japonicum in humans and livestock detected by immunological tests following treatment with praziquantel. Methods The studies pertaining to serological tests of schistosomiasis japonica published from 1991 to 2020 were retrieved in electronic databases, including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Data were extracted from included studies. The publication bias was assessed with funnel plots using the software RevMan version 5.3, and the conversion of antibodies against S. japonicum was evaluated through meta-analysis. Results A total of 40 publications were included in the final meta-analysis, consisting of 33 Chinese publications and 7 English publications, and all immunological tests were performed with indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pooled analysis showed that the negative rates of serum anti-S. japonicum antibody were 45.36% [95% confidential interval (CI): (43.96%, 46.76%)] and 20.83% [95% CI: (19.69%, 21.97%)] detected by ELISA and IHA within 6 months post praziquantel treatment, 62.95% [95% CI: (61.59%, 64.31%)] and 55.61% [95% CI: (54.21%, 57.01%)] within 6 to 12 months after treatment and 85.92% [95% CI: (84.94%, 86.90%)] and 86.90% [95% CI: (85.95%, 87.85%)] over 12 months after treatment, respectively. Conclusions The negative rate of the serum anti-S. japonicum antibody by IHA and ELISA increased with the time of post-treatment with praziquantel. The overall negative rates of anti-S. japonicum antibody detected by IHA and ELISA are low within 12 months post praziquantel treatment. However, a high negative rate of anti-S. japonicum antibody is detected if there is no new contact with infested water after 12 months of praziquantel treatment.

Result analysis of percutaneous core needle biopsy for bone tumors in upper limbs with pathological fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the results of percutaneous core needle biopsy for bone tumors in upper limbs with pathologic fracture and to find the possible factors that could impact the results.@*METHODS@#The including criteria for this study was the patients who had received percutaneous core needle biopsy and definitive surgery, whose tumor was located at upper limb with pathologic fracture. From January 2015 to December 2019, seventy-seven patients were enrolled. There were 55 males and 22 females. The median age was 27 years old (range:5 to 88 years old). The tumor located at humerus in 67 cases, radius in 8 cases and ulna in 2 cases. If the pathologic diagnosis of core needle biopsy was the same with the definitive surgery, it was defined as "correct". If the pathologic diagnosis of biopsy for benign or malignant was right but the exact diagnostic name was not the same with definitive surgery, it was defined as "supportive". If the pathologic diagnosis of biopsy for benign or malignant was not correct, it was defined as "wrong". We retrospectively analyzed the accuracy and impact factors for core needle biopsy.@*RESULTS@#The result was "correct" in 63 cases(81.8%), "supportive" in 14 cases(18.2%), and "wrong" in 0 cases. We analyzed the gender, age, location, fracture displacement, the destroyed type for bone tumor, soft tissue mass, fluid area in the tumor as the factors. The results showed the rate for "correct" was significantly higher when the tumor had soft tissue mass (@*CONCLUSION@#The accuracy of percutaneous core needle biopsy for upper limb bone tumor with pathologic is high and acceptable. The biopsy chosen the soft tissue mass area can increase the accuracy.

In vitro functional similarity assessment of a proposed biosimilar BAT1706 to bevacizumab / 药学学报

Biosimilars are biological medicinal products that are highly similar to an already licensed reference product in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. BAT1706 is being developed by Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd. as a proposed biosimilar candidate to bevacizumab reference product (Avastin®). Bevacizumab acts by specifically binding to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and preventing the interaction of VEGF-A with its receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, then blocking the downstream signaling pathway mediated by ligand-receptor, and inhibiting endothelial angiogenesis, thus inhibiting tumor growth. Comprehensive analytical characterization studies incorporating orthogonal analytical techniques were performed to compare the in vitro functional activities of BAT1706 and Avastin®. BAT1706 and Avastin® showed highly similar binding activity to multiple VEGF-A isoforms and equivalent VEGF-A neutralizing activity, as well as inhibitory activity of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation. Both products exhibited similar binding of the Fcγ receptors and a lack of Fc-related effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Overall, the results demonstrate that BAT1706 and Avastin® are highly similar in terms of in vitro functional activities.