Proteinuria predicts relapse in adolescent and adult minimal change disease

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to outline the clinical and laboratory characteristics of minimal change disease in adolescents and adults and establish the clinical and laboratory characteristics of relapsing and non-relapsing patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients with confirmed diagnoses of minimal change disease by renal biopsy from 1979 to 2009; the patients were aged >13 years and had minimum 1-year follow-ups. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients with a median age (at diagnosis) of 34 (23-49) years were studied, including 23 males and 40 females. At diagnosis, eight (12.7%) patients presented with microscopic hematuria, 17 (27%) with hypertension and 17 (27%) with acute kidney injury. After the initial treatment, 55 (87.3%) patients showed complete remission, six (9.5%) showed partial remission and two (3.1%) were nonresponders. Disease relapse was observed in 34 (54%) patients who were initial responders (n = 61). In a comparison between the relapsing patients (n = 34) and the non-relapsing patients (n = 27), only proteinuria at diagnosis showed any significant difference (8.8 (7.1-12.0) vs. 6.0 (3.6-7.3) g/day, respectively, p = 0.001). Proteinuria greater than 7 g/day at the initial screening was associated with relapsing disease. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, minimal change disease in adults may sometimes present concurrently with hematuria, hypertension, and acute kidney injury. The relapsing pattern in our patients was associated with basal proteinuria over 7 g/day.

Anemia hemolítica autoimune induzida por ceftriaxona: relato de caso e breve revisão da literatura / Ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolysis: case report and a concise review of the literature

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As cefalosporinas de segunda e terceira geração têm sido descritas como a causa mais comum de anemia hemolítica (HA) induzida por fármacos. A AH causada por ceftriaxona apesar de ser um evento raro, vem sendo descrita tanto em crianças quanto em adultos sendo estes a maioria idosa, acima de 60 anos. A apresentação clínica da AH induzida pelo ceftriaxona é usualmente abrupta com palidez, taquipneia,parada cardiorrespiratória e choque. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de AH autoimune associada ao ceftriaxona com evolução fatal e breve revisão da literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 55 anos, com diagnóstico de infecção urinária apresentou AH autoimune intravascular com hemoglobina de 4,5 g/dL, após infusão de ceftriaxona não sobrevivendo ao evento apesar de todo o suporte intensivo. CONCLUSÃO: O ceftriaxona é um fármaco comumente usado e pode causar AH fatal; o reconhecimento precoce da AH e a instituição de suporte intensivo são fundamentais para a tentativa de um prognóstico mais favorável.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The second and third generation cephalosporins have been reported as the most common cause of drug-induced hemolytic anemia (HA). The ceftriaxone-induced HA despite being a rare event, has been described both in children and adults and these mostly elderly above 60 years. The clinical presentation of ceftriaxone-induced HA isusually abrupt with pallor, tachypnea, cardio-respiratory arrestand shock. We report here a ceftriaxone-induced HA case withfatal outcome and a concise review of the literature. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 55 years, with urinary infection had HA autoimmune intravascular resulting in hemoglobinof 4.5 g/dL, after ceftriaxone infusion, not surviving the event despite all the intensive care. CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone is a drug commonly used and can cause fatal HA; early recognition of HA and the institution of intensive support are essential for attempting a more favorable prognosis.