Consensus of the Brazilian Association of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy (ABHH) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health - General management of blood and blood products on the tests necessary for the release of exceptional medicines for sickle cell disease

Abstract To date, hydroxyurea is the only effective and safe drug that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality of individuals with Sickle cell disease. Twenty years of real-life experience has demonstrated that hydroxyurea reduces pain attacks, vaso-occlusive events, including acute chest syndrome, the number and duration of hospitalizations and the need for transfusion. The therapeutic success of hydroxyurea is directly linked to access to the drug, the dose used and adherence to treatment which, in part, is correlated to the availability of hydroxyurea. This consensus aims to reduce the number of mandatory exams needed to access the drug, prioritizing the requesting physician's report, without affecting patient safety.

Systemic and local antiinflammatory effect of magnesium chloride in experimental arthritis

Abstract Objective Despite some knowledge gaps in scientific evidence, MgCl2 is largely used for pain relief in musculoskeletal diseases. Mg salts were shown to provide analgesia postoperatively in orthopedic surgery and low Mg levels were linked to arthritis development and severity. We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of MgCl2 in an acute arthritis model. Methods Mice received 0.1 mg/25μL Zymosan (Zy) or saline into the knees. Joint pain was evaluated using von Frey test; cell influx, and interleukin (IL)-1 level were assessed in joint lavage at 6 h. Synovia were excised for histopathology and analysis of immunoexpression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Groups (n = 6/group) received either 90 mg/kg MgCl2/100 μL or saline per os (systemic) or 500 μg/25 μL MgCl2 or saline intra-articularly (i.a.) 30 min prior to Zy. Results MgCl2 given either systemically or locally significantly reduced cell influx (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0269, respectively), pain (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0038, respectively), and intra-articular IL-1 level (p = 0.0391), as compared to saline. Systemic MgCl2 significantly decreased NFκB (p < 0.05) immmunoexpression, as compared to saline. Conclusion MgCl2 given systemically or locally displayed anti-inflammatory activity in a severe acute arthritis model reducing cell influx, pain, and cytokine release. MgCl2 operates at least partially via inhibiting NFκB activation. This is the first in vivo demonstration that MgCl2 decreases cytokine release in arthritis, prompting reduction of inflammation and pain relief.

Is Incentive Spirometry Superior to Standard Care in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery on Clinical Outcomes and Length of Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Stay? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac surgery is a frequent surgical procedure and may present a high risk of complications. Among the prophylactic strategies studied to decrease the rates of negative outcomes, respiratory care seems to reduce pulmonary complications. Incentive spirometry (IS) is a low-cost, respiratory exercise technique, used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The aim of this review was to evaluate whether IS is superior to respiratory care, mobilization exercises, and noninvasive ventilation on PPC, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Systematic review. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (or CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (or CINAHL®), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), Allied, Scopus®, and OpenGrey databases, clinical trial registration sites, conferences, congresses, and symposiums were searched. Results: Twenty-one randomized trials and one quasi-randomized trial (1,677 participants) were included. For partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), IS was inferior to respiratory care (mean difference [MD] -4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.32 to -0.63). Flow-oriented IS was inferior to respiratory care on PaO2 (MD -4.53; 95% CI -8.88 to -0.18). However, compared to respiratory care, flow-oriented IS was superior on recovery vital capacity. Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that IS was not superior to standard respiratory care for PPCs and clinical outcomes, therefore its use should not be widely recommended until further studies with high quality be performed to ensure this clinical guidance.

Isolation of 4-nerolidylcatechol from leaves of Piper peltatum L., and evaluation of larvicidal activity in mosquito vectors, with emphasis on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT Synthetic chemical insecticides are widely used in population control of pests. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever to humans, and has proven resistance to chemical insecticides. As an alternative vector control method, the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Piper peltatum L. (Piperaceae) showed larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti. Despite the wide medicinal use of this plant, the biological activity of its isolated constituents remains unexplored. In this sense, we isolated, identified and evaluated the larvicidal activity of 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) from P. peltatum against Ae. aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles darlingi, focusing on the larvicidal, adulticidal and genotoxic potential of 4-NC on Ae. aegypti. Larvae were captured in the city of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. 4-NC was isolated from the extract of the leaves of P. peltatum via silica gel chromatography. This was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and tested in Artemia franciscana (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL). In the toxicity bioassay, Ae. aegypti larvae were exposed to 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 µg/mL of 4-NC, while Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. darlingi were exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL. Ae. aegypti larvae were also subjected to 40 and 60 µg/mL of 4-NC (genotoxicity bioassay), and adult females to 62.5 to 1,000 µg/mL (adulticidal bioassay). The results of the 4-NC toxicity assays showed that there was 100% mortality in larvae of Ar. franciscana at the concentration of 200 µg/mL, with an LC50 of 8.0 μg/mL. In the larvae of Ae. aegypti, mortality was 100%, with an LC50 of 62 μg/mL. In larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus, 97% mortality occurred, with an LC50 of 52.3 μg/mL, and in An. darlingi larvae there was an 83% mortality rate, with an LC50 of 55.8 μg/mL. In adults of Ae. aegypti, however, there was no adulticidal activity. In the larvae of Ae. aegypti, the genotoxic effect of 4-NC (40 and 60 µg/mL) showed significant frequency (p < 0.05) of cellular abnormalities (micronuclei, budding and nuclear bridges) of interphasic nuclei of neuroblasts and oocytes in relation to the negative control. This result may be associated with a decrease in oviposition of females, which was observed in two generations. We can confirm that 4-NC has larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. darlingi. Although it does not present adulticidal activity in Ae. aegypti, it reduced the oviposition of females. Therefore, 4-NC seems to be a strong candidate for the development of an alternative method for the control of these mosquitoes in the immature phase.

Prevenção de quedas no contexto hospitalar: Perspectiva dos residentes de enfermagem à luz da teoria ambientalista / Preventing falls in the hospital context: Perspective of nursing residents in light of environmental theory / Prevención de caídas en el contexto hospitalario: perspectiva de los residentes de enfermería a la luz de la teoría ambiental

Objetivo: identificar e analisar a perspectiva dos residentes de enfermagem sobre prevenção de quedas no ambiente hospitalar à luz da teoria ambientalista de Florence Nigthingale. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Esse trabalho é oriundo da dissertação intitulada.: Medidas educativas implementadas por enfermeiros residentes aos pacientes vulneráveis a quedas no contexto hospitalar. Resultados: os participantes entendem que o ambiente hospitalar pode influenciar o risco de quedas. Entre os fatores ambientais mais citados são grades não elevados; Distância dos leitos do posto de enfermagem; banheiros insalubres. Conclusão: os residentes demonstraram compreender quais são os fatores ambientais que impactam na queda e quais as ações pré estabelecidas para prevenir a ocorrências de quedas. No entanto uma amostra maior, com método quantitativo, pode ser benéfico em estudos futuros

Objective: to identify the perspective of nursing residents in the hospital environment on environmental factors in preventing falls; Analyze environmental factors and correlate them with Florence Nigthingale's environmental theory. Methods: the present study is descriptive-exploratory in nature, with a qualitative data approach. This work comes from the dissertation entitled: Educational measures implemented by resident nurses for patients vulnerable to falls in the hospital context. Results: participants understand that the hospital environment can influence the risk of falls. Among the most cited environmental factors are non-elevated railings; Distance of beds from the nursing station; unsanitary bathrooms. Conclusion: residents demonstrated an understanding of the environmental factors that impact falls and what pre-established actions are taken to prevent falls from occurring. However, a larger sample, with a quantitative method, could be beneficial in future studies

Objetivos:identificar la perspectiva de los residentes de enfermería en el ambiente hospitalario sobre los factores ambientales en la prevención de caídas; Analizar los factores ambientales y correlacionarlos con la teoría ambiental de Florence Nigthingale. Métodos: el presente estudio es de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, con un enfoque de datos cualitativos. Este trabajo surge de la disertación titulada: Medidas educativas implementadas por enfermeros residentes para pacientes vulnerables a caídas en el contexto hospitalario. Resultados: los participantes entienden que el ambiente hospitalario puede influir en el riesgo de caídas. Entre los factores ambientales más citados se encuentran las barandillas no elevadas; Distancia de las camas desde el puesto de enfermería; baños insalubres. Conclusión: los residentes demostraron comprensión de los factores ambientales que impactan las caídas y qué acciones preestablecidas se toman para evitar que ocurran caídas. Sin embargo, una muestra más grande, con un método cuantitativo, podría resultar beneficiosa en futuros estudios

Effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Tocilizumab is an anti-human interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody that has been used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is no consensus on its efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab for treating COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and IBECS for RCTs published up to March 2021. Two authors selected studies and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence following Cochrane Recommendations. RESULTS: Eight RCTs with 6,139 participants were included. We were not able to find differences between using tocilizumab compared to standard care on mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (risk ratio (RR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 1.13; 8 trials; 5,950 participants; low-certainty evidence). However, hospitalized patients under tocilizumab plus standard care treatment seemed to present a significantly lower risk of needing mechanical ventilation (risk ratio = 0.78; 95% CI 0.64−0.94 moderate-certainty of evidence). CONCLUSIONS: To date, the best evidence available shows no difference between using tocilizumab plus standard care compared to standard care alone for reducing mortality in patients with COVID-19. However, as a finding with a practical implication, the use of tocilizumab in association to standard care probably reduces the risk of progressing to mechanical ventilation in those patients. REGISTRATION: osf.io/qe4fs.

Mulheres, relações afetivo-amorosas e uso de drogas: vivências e significados / Women, intimate relationships and drug use: experiences and meanings

Objetivo Analisar as vivências e significados dos relacionamentos afetivo-amorosos vivenciados por mulheres em tratamento devido ao consumo de drogas. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e transversal desenvolvida com a participação de 21 mulheres atendidas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do interior paulista. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise temática reflexiva e organizam-se em três eixos. Resultados As mulheres relataram vulnerabilidades sociais ao longo da vida e fragilidades nas redes de apoio que culminaram em sofrimentos, desamparo e uso precoce de drogas. Tornar-se esposa foi construído como esperança para um novo modo de vida, porém de forma idealizada e engendrada. As relações afetivas mostraram-se centrais, tanto para experiências de aumento como de diminuição do consumo de drogas. O uso aumentou por necessidade de agradar o parceiro, cumprir o papel de esposa ou diante das violências. A diminuição ocorreu em situações de apoio do companheiro, auxílio para acessar o tratamento ou quando cônjuge restringiu sua liberdade. Esses relacionamentos se somaram às vulnerabilidades vividas produzindo demandas aos equipamentos de saúde e sociais. Conclusão O tratamento deve incluir intervenções sobre os relacionamentos amorosos das mulheres, assim como problematizar os papéis de gênero e interpor-se intersetorialmente entre os demais determinantes sociais.

Objective To analyze the experiences and meanings of intimate relationships experienced by women in treatment due to drug consumption. Method This was a qualitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study developed with the participation of 21 women attended at a Psychosocial Care Center in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The interviews were submitted to reflective thematic analysis and organized into three axes. Results The women reported lifelong social vulnerabilities and weaknesses in support networks that led to suffering, helplessness, and early drug use. Becoming a wife was constructed as a hope for a new way of life, though in an idealized and contrived manner. Intimate relationships proved to be central, both for experiences of increased and decreased drug use. Drug use escalated due to the need to please the partner, fulfill the role of a wife, or when faced with violence. Decreases occurred in situations where the partner provided support, assistance in accessing treatment, or when the spouse restricted their freedom. These relationships added to the vulnerabilities experienced, creating demands on healthcare and social systems. Conclusion Treatment should include interventions regarding women's intimate relationships, as well as addressing gender roles and intervening intersectorially in other social determinants.

Economic burden of respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses in children of upper-middle-income countries: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: To identify and assess the current evidence available about the costs of managing hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) in upper-middle-income countries. Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review across seven key databases from database inception to July 2022. Costs extracted were converted into 2022 International Dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity-adjusted. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42020225757. Results: No eligible study for PIV3 was recovered. For RSV, cost analysis and COI studies were performed for populations in Colombia, China, Malaysia, and Mexico. Comparing the total economic impact, the lowest cost per patient at the pediatric ward was observed in Malaysia ($ 347.60), while the highest was in Colombia ($ 709.66). On the other hand, at pediatric ICU, the lowest cost was observed in China ($ 1068.26), while the highest was in Mexico ($ 3815.56). Although there is no consensus on the major cost driver, all included studies described that the medications (treatment) consumed over 30% of the total cost. A high rate of inappropriate prescription drugs was observed. Conclusion: The present study highlighted how RSV infection represents a substantial economic burden to health care systems and to society. The findings of the included studies suggest a possible association between baseline risk status and expenditures. Moreover, it was observed that an important amount of the cost is destinated to treatments that have no evidence or support in most clinical practice guidelines.

Fatores associados a qualidade do sono ruim em universitários de enfermagem de uma universidade privada cearense / Factors associated with poor sleep quality in nursing students from a private university in Ceará

Sleep is essential for the physical, psychological, and social well-being of individuals. Its poor quality/quantity may lead to functional impairment in the performance of social activities and interpersonal relationships. In this context, studies have identified poor sleep quality in university students, especially those in healthcare. Despite the literature pointing out that nursing students do not sleep well, factors related to employment or daily commuting are not unanimous. Thus, the objective of the study is to evaluate the sleep quality of nursing students and its association with socioeconomic characteristics, life habits, academic, and extracurricular activities. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with quantitative analysis, carried out with 124 Nursing students from a private Higher Education Institution in Ceará. A questionnaire was used with socioeconomic variables, life-style habits, academic and extracurricular activities, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. The results of this study showed a predominance of poor sleep quality for 73 (59%) students and the presence of sleeping disorders for 38 (31%) of the participants. The variables associated with this result were the daily intercity commute (to-and-fro) to attend an undergraduate class or to have a concomitant job. Meanwhile, the other academic, extracurricular, and lifestyle variables did not have a statistically significant association with sleep quality. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt actions aimed at good sleep hygiene, for better use of the available time for sleep, better academic performance, and quality of life.

O sono é essencial para o bem-estar físico, psíquico e social dos indivíduos. Sua qualidade/quantidade ruim poderá levar a prejuízo funcional no desempenho dos papéis sociais e nas relações interpessoais. Nesse contexto, estudos comprovam uma qualidade do sono ruim em universitários, especialmente os da área da saúde. Apesar da literatura apontar que universitários de enfermagem são maus dormidores, fatores relacionados como vínculo empregatício ou deslocamento intermunicipal diário não são unânimes. Assim, o objetivo do estudo é avaliar a qualidade do sono de estudantes de enfermagem e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, hábitos de vida, atividades acadêmicas e extracurriculares. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com análise quantitativa, realizado com 124 estudantes de Enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior privada cearense. Empregou-se questionário com variáveis socioeconômicas, hábitos de vida, atividades acadêmicas e extracurriculares, e o Índice da Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram predominância de qualidade do sono ruim para 73 (59%) estudantes e presença de distúrbios do sono para 38 (31%) dos participantes. As variáveis associadas a esse resultado foram o deslocamento intermunicipal diário (movimento pendular) para cursar a graduação ou possuir vínculo empregatício concomitante. Enquanto, as demais variáveis acadêmicas, extracurriculares e de hábitos de vida não tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com a qualidade do sono. Logo, é necessária a adoção de ações visando a boa higiene do sono, para melhor aproveitamento do período disponível para o sono, melhor desempenho acadêmico e qualidade de vida

Efetividade e segurança do treinamento muscular respiratório na apneia obstrutiva do sono: protocolo de uma revisão sistemática / Effectiveness and safety of respiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea: systematic review protocol

Introdução: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é o distúrbio respiratório do sono mais comum. O treino muscular respiratório tem surgido como uma intervenção promissora para a melhora dos sintomas e com boa adesão, porém muito ainda se tem discutido sobre sua efetividade e segurança. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e segurança do TMR no tratamento de pacientes com AOS. Métodos: Para tanto, realizaremos uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR). O protocolo do estudo foi registrado na Plataforma Prospero (CRD42018096980). Incluiremos indivíduos de idade superior ou igual a 18 anos, com diagnóstico de AOS, em uso ou não de pressão positiva nas vias aéreas. Excluiremos estudos com pacientes diagnosticados com lesão da medula espinhal ou doenças neuromusculares. As buscas serão realizadas nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) via Pubmed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase) via Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) via Cochrane Library, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) via Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), sem restrições de idioma ou ano de publicação. Avaliaremos o rigor metodológico dos estudos incluídos e a certeza da evidência dos principais desfechos da revisão sistemática utilizando a ferramenta Risco de Viés 2.0 da Cochrane e a abordagem Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectivamente. A seleção dos estudos, extração de dados, avaliação do viés dos estudos incluídos e avaliação da certeza da evidência serão realizados por dois pesquisadores independentes. Resultados esperados: Espera-se que os resultados desta revisão forneçam informações úteis para a tomada de decisão clínica, exponham lacunas de conhecimento, assim como forneçam um bom embasamento para futuros ECR de alta qualidade sobre o assunto.

Tumor Odontogénico Adenomatoide Quístico, presentación inusual. Reporte de dos casos / Cystic Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor, unusual presentation. Report of two cases

RESUMEN: El tumor odontogénico adenomatoide es un tumor benigno, poco común, que corresponde al 2-7% de los tumores odontogénicos. Se presenta con mayor prevalencia en la segunda década de vida y se ubica preferentemente en maxilar anterior. Es una lesión encapsulada, no agresiva, de crecimiento lento, que puede pasar desapercibida durante años. Deriva del epitelio odontogénico, y se caracteriza histológicamente por células epiteliales dispuestas en nidos, remolinos o cordones con escaso tejido conjuntivo. Puede presentar estructuras canaliculares un patrón ductiforme, con calcificaciones y presenta cápsula. El presente estudio reporta dos casos, el primero es una mujer de 30 años y el segundo el de un hombre de 36 años, ambos con un tumor odontogénico adenomatoide ubicado en zona maxilar anterior derecha, asintomático, sin asociación con diente incluido y de presentación quística a nivel imagenológico e histopatológico. Se discuten características clínicas, radiográficas, histopatológicas y terapéuticas de los casos.

ABSTRACT: Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a benign, rare tumor that accounts for 2-7% of odontogenic tumors. It appears with greater prevalence in the second decade of life and is located preferentially in the anterior maxilla. It is a slow-growing, non-aggressive, encapsulated lesion that can go unnoticed for years. It is derived from the odontogenic epithelium, and is characterized histologically by epithelial cells arranged in nests, eddies, or cords with little connective tissue. It may have canalicular structures and a ductiform pattern, with calcifications and it has a capsule. The present study reports two cases, the first is a 30-year-old woman and the second is a 36-year-old man, both with an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor located in the right anterior maxillary area, asymptomatic, without association with an included tooth and cystic presentation at the imaging and histopathological levels. The clinical, radiographic, histopathological and therapeutic characteristics of the cases are discussed.

Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes adultos queimados internados em um centro de referência no interior do estado da Bahia, Brasil / Evaluation of the epidemiological profile of burned adult patients admitted to a referral center in the interior of the state of Bahia, Brazil

Introdução: As queimaduras são lesões cutâneas causadas pelo calor, tendo aquelas diversos agentes, que podem comprometer tecido muscular, tendões, ossos e trazem riscos de perda de membros, de função ou até a morte do paciente. São problemas que podem resultar em danos clínicos, físicos e psicológicos. O objetivo é avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes adultos internados em um centro de tratamento de queimados no Recôncavo da Bahia, no período de 13 meses. Métodos: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo, no qual foram avaliados os prontuários médicos dos pacientes internados na instituição em questão. Resultados: No período em questão, foram admitidos 102 pacientes adultos, existindo um equilíbrio entre os sexos masculino e feminino. Ao analisar o motivo da queimadura, pode-se observar que a maioria apresentava queimaduras de natureza acidental. A escaldadura por líquidos quentes, englobando leite, café e óleo em altas temperaturas, foi o principal agente, com 68 casos (66,7%). Quanto à profundidade das lesões, 83 (81,4%) foram vítimas de queimaduras de 2° grau, 17 (16,7%) de 3° grau e 2 (2%) com profundidade da lesão não especificada nos registros. Com relação ao desfecho, 96 (94,1%) receberam alta hospitalar, 3 (2,9%) foram a óbito e 3 (2,9%) foram transferidos para outro serviço. Conclusão: A queimadura é um mal evitável, sendo assim, os dados epidemiológicos são ferramentas que contribuem para a elaboração de cuidados e de prevenção voltados para esse grupo. Este estudo poderá servir no planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para o atendimento e prevenção a queimaduras.

Introduction: Burns are skin lesions caused by heat of various agents, which can compromise muscle tissue, tendons, bones and bring risks of loss of limbs, function or even the death of the patient. These are problems that can result in clinical, physical and psychological damage. The objective is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of adult patients admitted to a burn treatment center in Recôncavo da Bahia, over a 13-month period. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study where the medical records of patients admitted to the institution in question were evaluated. Results: In the period in question, 102 adult patients were admitted, with a balance between male and female. When analyzing the reason for the burn, it can be seen that the majority had burns of an accidental nature. Scalding by hot liquids, including milk, coffee and oil at hot temperatures, was the main agent with 68 cases (66.7%). As for the depth of the injuries, 83 (81.4%) were victims of 2nd degree burns, 17 (16.7%) of the 3rd degree and 2 (2%) with injury depth not specified in the records. Regarding the outcome, 96 (94.1%) were discharged from the hospital, 3 (2.9%) died and 3 (2.9%) were transferred to another service. Conclusion: Burning is a preventable evil, therefore, epidemiological data are tools that contribute to the development of care and prevention aimed at this group. This study may serve in the planning of public health policies aimed at providing care and preventing burns.

Os efeitos do stretching global ativo em bailarinas clássicas / The effects of global active stretching on classical ballet dancers

INTRODUÇÃO: O Stretching Global Ativo (SGA) pode ser uma boa estratégia para a melhora da postura e qualidade de vida e para a redução da dor. Ele atua com alongamentos de cadeias musculares podendo proporcionar melhora da prática do balé sem grandes estresses físicos. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos do SGA na postura, dor e qualidade de vida de bailarinas clássicas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi um ensaio clínico randomizado no período de novembro de 2020 a outubro de 2021. Constituiu-se de 20 bailarinas (idade entre 12 e 22 anos), sem lesões ortopédicas ou em recuperação, e sem tratamento fisioterapêutico. Estas foram divididas em dois grupos. O grupo controle em que não houve nenhuma intervenção e o grupo SGA, o qual realizou três posturas durante 15 minutos para cada, duas vezes por semana, totalizando 10 sessões. Avaliouse por meio do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida do Atleta, Questionário Nórdico Musculoesquelético e pelo Software para Avaliação Postural, empregando os testes t (independência), teste t (pareado), teste G (contingência) e o Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística na qualidade de vida e dor, porém no grupo controle houve aumento da extensão do corpo (0,003) e dorsiflexão do tornozelo (0,01); e no grupo SGA, houve aumento do valgo de joelho esquerdo (0,05), redução da rotação interna da cabeça do fêmur (0,01) e extensão do joelho esquerdo. CONCLUSÃO: Houve efeitos do SGA apenas na postura das bailarinas, fato não encontrado na dor e qualidade de vida das mesmas. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) de protocolo RBR-10wckkk7.

INTRODUCTION: Global Active Stretching (GAS) can be a good strategy for improving posture and quality of life, as well as reducing pain. It works by stretching muscle chains and can improve ballet practice without major physical stress. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of GAS on posture, pain and quality of life of classical ballet dancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a randomized clinical trial from November 2020 to October 2021, consisting of 20 dancers (aged between 12 and 22 years), without orthopedic or recovering lesions, and without physical therapy treatment. They were divided into two groups. The control group, in which there was no intervention and the SGA group, which performed three postures twice a week for 15 minutes each, for total of 10 sessions. The Athlete's Quality of Life Questionnaire, The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the Postural Assessment Software were evaluated using the t tests (independence), the t test (paired), the G test (contingency) and the Chi-square. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in quality of life and pain, but in the control group there was an increase in body extension (0.003) and ankle dorsiflexion (0.01); and in the SGA group, there was an increase in left knee valgus (0.05), reduction of internal rotation of the femoral head (0.01) and left knee extension. CONCLUSION: There SGA affected only on posture of the dancers, but not their pain and quality of life. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) protocol RBR-10wckkk7.

Recrutamento, retenção, presença e adesão de um ensaio clínico aleatorizado para avaliar os efeitos do treino específico da tarefa em indivíduos pós-acidente vascular encefálico / Selección, retención, asistencia y adherencia de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado para evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento específico de tareas en sujetos pos-accidente cerebrovascular / Recruitment, retention, attendance, and adherence of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of task-specific training with individuals post stroke

RESUMO Indivíduos acometidos pelo acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) se beneficiam de diferentes estratégias terapêuticas que apresentam comprovação da eficácia por meio da condução de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) bem delineados. Compreender as etapas do estudo pode auxiliar os pesquisadores na realização de futuros ensaios clínicos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o processo de recrutamento, retenção, presença e adesão na condução de um ECA realizado com indivíduos pós-AVE na fase crônica na cidade de Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil, com o propósito de investigar a eficácia do treino específico da tarefa para membros superiores e inferiores na melhora do nível de atividade física e mobilidade. Nos resultados, foi observado que dos 674 potenciais participantes, não foi possível contatar 240; 384 não foram avaliados por não atenderem aos critérios de elegibilidade. Participaram da avaliação presencial 50 indivíduos e 14 não fizeram parte do estudo pelo mesmo motivo. Apenas 36 indivíduos iniciaram as intervenções (taxa de recrutamento de 5,3%). Uma taxa de retenção de 80,6% foi observada. Sete indivíduos abandonaram o estudo, principalmente por desinteresse pelas atividades. A taxa de presença foi de 80,9%, e o principal motivo para ausência nas sessões foi incompatibilidade de horário com as consultas médicas. A taxa de adesão foi de 82,7%, com 180 interrupções durante as sessões, sendo sair mais cedo o motivo mais comum. Esses resultados indicam algumas dificuldades no processo de condução do ECA com indivíduos na fase crônica do AVE envolvendo treino específico da tarefa. Apesar dessas dificuldades, a intervenção proposta pode ser considerada viável.

RESUMEN Las personas afectadas por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) tienen a su disposición diferentes estrategias terapéuticas que muestran evidencia de eficacia a través de la realización de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) bien diseñados. Conocer las etapas del estudio puede ayudar a los investigadores a realizar futuros ensayos clínicos. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir el proceso de selección, retención, asistencia y adherencia de un ECA realizado con individuos post-ACV en fase crónica en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte (Brasil), para investigar la efectividad del entrenamiento específico de tareas para las extremidades superiores e inferiores en la mejora del nivel de actividad física y la movilidad. En los resultados se observó que, de los 674 potenciales participantes, no fue posible contactar a 240; y 384 no fueron evaluados por no cumplir con los criterios de elegibilidad. Cincuenta personas participaron en la evaluación presencial y 14 no formaron parte del estudio por la misma razón. Solo 36 personas empezaron las intervenciones (tasa de selección del 5,3%). Se observó una tasa de retención del 80,6%. Siete personas abandonaron el estudio, principalmente por falta de interés en las actividades. La tasa de asistencia fue del 80,9%, y el principal motivo de ausencia a las sesiones fue la incompatibilidad de horario con las citas médicas. La tasa de adherencia fue del 82,7%, con 180 interrupciones durante las sesiones, y la salida anticipada fue la razón más frecuente. Los resultados apuntan algunas dificultades en el proceso de realización del ECA con individuos en fase crónica del ACV con relación al entrenamiento específico de tarea. A pesar de esto, la intervención propuesta puede considerarse viable.

ABSTRACT Individuals who suffered stroke benefit from different therapeutic strategies whose efficacy has been proved by well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Understanding study steps may assist researchers in conducting future RCTs. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the process of recruitment, retention, attendance, and adherence in conducting RCTs with individuals in the chronic phase of stroke in the municipality of Belo Horizonte/MG/Brazil, with the purpose of investigating the efficacy of specific task training for both lower and upper limbs in improving patients' physical activity and mobility. Results showed that, of the 674 potential participants, it was impossible to contact 240 individuals and 384 were excluded from our sample for failing to meet eligibility criteria. In total, 50 individuals participated in clinical evaluations and 14 were excluded from the study for the same reason. Overall, 36 individuals started the interventions, a 5.3% recruitment rate. An 80.6% retention rate was observed. In total, seven individuals left the study, mainly due to lack of interest in the activities. We found an 80.9% attendance rate, and the main reason for missing medical appointments was incompatibility with treatment schedule. We also observed an 82.7% adherence rate. Of these, 180 interrupted sessions were mainly due to patients leaving early. These results indicate some difficulties found in conducting RCTs with individuals in the chronic phase of stroke, especially regarding specific task training. Despite these difficulties, the proposed intervention can be considered feasible.

Recommendations for evaluation and diagnosis of extra-glandular manifestations of primary sjogren syndrome: results of an epidemiologic systematic review/ meta-analysis and a consensus guideline from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (articular, pulmonary and renal)

Abstract Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, these systemic manifestations are not routinely evaluated and there is no homogenous approach to their diagnosis or evaluation. To close this gap, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of epidemiologic and clinical features of these manifestations and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. The first part of this guideline summarizes the most important topics, and 11 recommendations are provided for the articular, pulmonary, and renal care of SS patients.

HospitalElder Life Program na unidade de urgência e emergência de um hospital público universitário: um programa de intervenção multicomponente para prevenção de delirium / Modified Hospital Elder Life Program in the emergency department of a public university hospital: a multicomponent intervention program for preventing delirium

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a viabilidade da implementação de uma adaptação do Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) com a participação de cuidadores familiares em hospital público universitário. Método Estudo piloto descritivo exploratório desenvolvido com 30 pacientes internados e seus cuidadores. Os Formulários de Registro foram aplicados para identificar fatores de risco para delirium, selecionar protocolos de intervenção e acompanhar a implementação. Nível de satisfação dos participantes e barreiras para implementar o programa foram avaliados por meio de entrevistas qualitativas. Resultados secundários foram coletados dos prontuários médicos. Análise estatística descritiva foi realizada para caracterizar a amostra e análise de conteúdo foi usada para analisar dados qualitativos. Resultados A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (60%), com idade média de 74,3 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto (60%), viúvo/divorciado (56,7%) e morava com familiares (83,3%) em casa (93,3%). Haviam sido hospitalizados 56,7% no último ano e 93,3% tinham pelo menos um fator de risco para delirium. Assistência alimentar e reposição de líquidos foi o protocolo com maior adesão (96,2%) e orientação (76,5%) com menor. Os participantes ficaram satisfeitos e acreditam que o HELP contribuiu para melhorar os resultados dos pacientes. Os motivos para não realização da intervenção proposta estavam relacionados à estrutura ou organização hospitalar, ao paciente e ao acompanhante. Conclusão Nossos resultados sugerem que ter membros da família atuando como "voluntários" é uma estratégia viável para implementar o HELP. Essa estratégia pode promover sua implementação em hospitais públicos de países de baixa e média renda.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility of implementing an adaptation of the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) with the participation of family caregivers in a public university hospital. Method Descriptive exploratory pilot study developed with 30 hospitalized patients and their caregivers. Registration Forms were applied to identify risk factors for delirium, to select intervention protocols, and track implementation. Participants' level of satisfaction and barriers to implementing the program were assessed through qualitative interviews. Secondary results were collected from medical records. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to characterize the sample and content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results Most patients were female (60%), with a mean age of 74.3 years, incomplete elementary school (60%), widowed/divorced (56.7%) and living with family members (83.3%) at home (93.3%). 56.7% had been hospitalized in the last year and 93.3% had at least one risk factor for delirium. Food assistance and fluid replacement was the protocol with the highest adherence (96.2%) and guidance (76.5%) with the lowest. Participants were satisfied and believe that HELP contributed to improving patient outcomes. The reasons for not performing the proposed intervention were related to the hospital structure or organization, the patient and the companion. Conclusion Our results suggest that having family members act as "volunteers" is a viable strategy to implement HELP. This strategy can promote its implementation in public hospitals in low and middle-income countries.

Recommendations for evaluation and diagnosis of extra-glandular manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome: results of an epidemiologic systematic review/ meta-analysis and a consensus guideline from the Brazilian society of rheumatology (hepatic, gastrointestinal and pancreatic)

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, some systemic manifestations, mainly liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic are not routinely evaluated. To address these manifestations, the Sjögren's Syndrome Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a broad systematic review of the literature on studies investigating prevalence and diagnosis of these symptoms in Sjogren´s patients and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. This is the second part of this guideline, providing 6 recommendations for liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic care of SS patients.

Association between different stages of dental caries in preschoolers and familial socioeconomic factors

Abstract: This study evaluated the association between socioeconomic factors and stages of dental caries in children one to five years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 759 children enrolled in preschools in Diamantina, Brazil. The parents/caregivers filled out a form addressing socioeconomic factors. Add to the end of this sentence: and categorized in caries free (code 0 and 1), no obvious decay (code 2 and 3) and obvious decay (code 4, 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of "no obvious decay" was higher among children from families with a larger number of income-dependent individuals (OR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.41-4.31). The higher prevalence of "obvious decay" was associated with the child's age (OR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.16-1.58), attending a public preschool (OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.31-4.34), a larger number of income-dependent individuals (four to five individuals: OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.09-2.74; more than five individuals: OR: 3.41; 95%CI: 1.95-5.94), no access to a dentist (OR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.48-3.09), and lower income (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.19--2.49). It was concluded that the variable of a larger number of income-dependent individuals was associated with both no obvious decay and obvious decay. Child's age, type of preschool, access to a dentist, and income were associated with obvious decay.

Prevalence of and risk factors for dynapenic abdominal obesity in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study / Prevalência e fatores de risco para obesidade abdominal dinapênica em idosos residentes na comunidade: um estudo transversal

Abstract This article aims to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) in older adults in a city in the northern region of Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 382 community-dwelling older adults in Macapa, Amapa, Brazil. Socioeconomic, clinical, and health information were collected using a structured form. DAO was defined as a combination of dynapenia (handgrip strength of < 26 kgf for men and < 16 kgf for women) and abdominal obesity (abdominal circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using chi-squared tests, Student's t-tests, and a Poisson regression. The prevalence of DAO was 10.73%. In the preliminary bivariate analysis, the variables of age range, marital status, number of diseases, functional disability for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, gait speed, and level of physical activity met the established criterion. The final model indicated that only gait speed was a predictor of DAO in older adults. DAO affects nearly 11% of community-dwelling older adults from northern Brazil; gait speed was a predictor of DAO and could be a useful tool for managing and monitoring this population's health.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à obesidade abdominal dinapênica (OAD) em idosos de uma cidade da região Norte do Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado com 382 idosos comunitários residentes em Macapá, Amapá, Brasil. As informações socioeconômicas, clínicas e de saúde foram coletadas por meio de um formulário estruturado. A OAD foi definida pela combinação de dinapenia (força de preensão manual < 26 kgf para homens e < 16 kgf para mulheres) e obesidade abdominal (circunferência abdominal > 102 cm para homens e > 88 cm para mulheres). As análises descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas utilizando os testes qui-quadrado, t de Student e regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de OAD foi de 10,73%. Na análise bivariada preliminar, as variáveis faixa etária, estado conjugal, número de doenças, incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária, velocidade da marcha e nível de atividade física atenderam ao critério estabelecido. O modelo final indicou que apenas a velocidade da marcha foi um preditor para a OAD em idosos. A OAD afeta quase 11% dos idosos residentes nessa comunidade do Norte do Brasil; e a velocidade de marcha é um preditor que pode ser uma ferramenta útil para gerenciar e monitorar a saúde desta população.