RESUMEN
El estudio trataba de medir las manifestaciones del prejuicio racial en una muestra de la población brasileña, utilizando las escalas de racismo moderno de McConahay, Hardee y Batts (1981) y la escala de racismo cordial de Turra y Venturi (1995) y Venturi (2003). Se aplicó los cuestionarios a un total de 101 estudiantes de diversas universidades en la región sur de Brasil. Los resultados muestran que las dos escalas difieren entre si respecto a captar las expresiones del prejuicio. Las personas declararon mayor racismo moderno que racismo cordial. También hemos estudiado las variables que influyen en el prejuicio racial declarado por los participantes. La variable género y orientación a la dominancia social son variables que predicen el racismo moderno en la muestra estudiada. Los participantes indicaron, en mayor medida, la manifestación del prejuicio racial de forma encubierta y lo hacen más abiertamente cuando hay la posibilidad del contacto personal y estrecho.
This study measured the manifestations of racial prejudice in a sample of Brazilian population, using McConahay, Hardees and Batts's scales of modern racism (1981) and Datafolha (1995) and Ventury, G's (2003) scale of cordial racism. The questionnaires were applied to a total of 101 students of several universities in southern Brazil. The results demonstrate that both scales differ among themselves according to capturing prejudice expressions. The citizens had declared greater modern racism than cordial racism. Also, the variables related with the influence on racial prejudice, stated by the participants, were analyzed. The gender and orientation to social dominancy variables are variables that predict the modern racism in the sample studied. The participants indicated, in greater measure, the manifestation of racial prejudice in an uncovered form, being this manifestation in a more open way, when there was the possibility of a more personal and closer contact.
O estudo avaliou as manifestações de preconceito racial em uma amostra da população brasileira, usando escalas de racismo moderno de McConahay, Hardee e Batts (1981), escala racismo cordial do Datafolha (1995) e Venturi, G. (2003). Os questionários foram aplicados a um total de 101 estudantes de várias universidades da região sul do Brasil. Os resultados mostram que as duas escalas diferem entre si sobre como capturar as expressões de preconceito. As pessoas relataram mais racismo moderno que racismo cordial. Estudamos também as variáveis que influenciam o preconceito racial declarado pelos participantes. As variáveis gênero e orientação à dominância social são preditores do racismo moderno na amostra estudada. Os participantes indicaram, em maior medida, a manifestação do preconceito racial dissimulado e o fazem mais abertamente quando existe a possibilidade do contato pessoal e estreito.
RESUMEN
Se realizaron dos estudios. El primer estudio trataba de comprobar si la escala de racismo moderno de McConahay, Hardee y Batts (1981), resultaba un instrumento válido en la medición de las actitudes prejuiciosas en una muestra de la población brasileña. Se aplicó los cuestionarios a un total de 206 estudiantes de dos colegios. Los datos obtenidos muestran una fiabilidad aceptable de la escala. Los resultados muestran que el prejuicio declarado hacia los afrobrasileños es relativamente bajo. El segundo estudio analizó la percepción general de prejuicio y discriminación en una muestra de la población negra/mestiza. Los resultados muestran una moderada percepción general de prejuicio hacia su grupo y la frecuencia en la que han sido discriminados personalmente ha sido baja. Encontramos diferencias entre la variable etnia y discriminación personal percibida.
Two studies were performed. The first study was done in order to verify the validity of the scale of modern racism proposed by McCohahay, Hardee and Batts (1981) to measure the prejudiced attitudes in a sample of the Brazilian population. Questionnaires were applied in 206 students from two schools. The obtained data showed an acceptable reliability of the scale. Results show that the expression of prejudice declared by the African-Brazilians is relatively low. The second study examined the general perception of prejudice and discrimination on a sample of a black/mestizo population. The results show a moderate general perception of prejudice with this group but the frequency which they had been personally discriminated was low. We found differences between different ethnic groups and perceived personal discrimination.