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Abstract Highlights Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent used malignant diseases. Cisplatin ototoxicity is generally bilateral, irreversible, and progressive. Genistein is a phytoestrogen. Genistein functions as antioxidant and cell cycle inhibitor by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase. Genistein showed positive effects on ototoxicity with its antioxidant. Objective Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent used in adults and children for the treatment of various malignant diseases. It can cause irreversible ototoxicity. Genistein is a phytoestrogen. Genistein functions as an antioxidant and cell cycle inhibitor by inhibiting the DNA topoisomerase and tyrosine protein kinase enzymes. The protective effect of genistein in preventing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and levels of the oxidative stress was investigated. Methods 32 Sprague Dawley rats were used in 4 groups (control, cisplatin, cisplatin + genistein, genistein). Otoacoustic emission measurements of the distortion product were performed on the 1st, 2nd and 5th days of the test protocol. Serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index measurements were made. Results The hearing of the cisplatin + genistein group was found to be better than that of the cisplatin group. While the malondialdehyde, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index parameters decreased significantly in the cisplatin + genistein group compared to the cisplatin group, superoxide dismutase increased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion Genistein showed positive effects against ototoxicity with its antioxidant effect. Level of evidence Level 3.
Resumo DESTAQUES A cisplatina é um agente antineoplásico usado em lesões malignas. A ototoxicidade da cisplatina é geralmente bilateral, irreversível e progressiva. A genisteína é um fitoestrógeno. A genisteína funciona como antioxidante e inibidor do ciclo celular ao inibir a topoisomerase do DNA. A genisteína apresentou efeitos positivos sobre a ototoxicidade com seu efeito antioxidante. Objetivo A cisplatina é um agente antineoplásico usado em adultos e crianças para o tratamento de diversas lesões malignas. Pode causar ototoxicidade irreversível. A genisteína é um fitoestrógeno que funciona como antioxidante e inibidor do ciclo celular ao inibir as enzimas DNA topoisomerase e tirosina-quinase. O efeito protetor da genisteína na prevenção da ototoxicidade induzida pela cisplatina e os níveis de estresse oxidativo foram investigados. Método Trinta e dois ratos Sprague Dawley foram usados em 4 grupos (controle, cisplatina, cisplatina + genisteína, genisteína). As medidas das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção foram tomadas nos dias 1, 2 e 5 do protocolo do teste. Foram medidos os níveis séricos de malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, catalase, glutationa peroxidase, estado antioxidante total, estado oxidante total e índice de estresse oxidativo. Resultados A audição do grupo cisplatina + genisteína foi melhor do que a do grupo cisplatina. Enquanto os parâmetros malondialdeído, estado oxidante total e índice de estresse oxidativo diminuíram significantemente no grupo cisplatina + genisteína em comparação com o grupo cisplatina, o superóxido dismutase mostrou aumento significantemente (p < 0,05). Conclusão A genisteína apresentou efeitos positivos contra a ototoxicidade com seu efeito antioxidante. Nível de evidência Nível 3.
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Objective: To explore the effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the histopathological and biochemical changes that inhaled formaldehyde (FA) induces on the testicular tissue of rats. Methods: Thirty three adult male rats were separated into five groups as follows: C, the control group; 4FA group which received FA for 4 weeks; 13FA group which was given FA for 13 weeks; 4FA+NSO group which was administered FA plus NSO for 4 weeks; 13FA+NSO group which was treated with FA plus NSO for 13 weeks. FA was administered through inhalation for 8 h 5 days a week at a dose of 5 ppm in a special glass cage, and NSO was administered orally 1 mL/kg once daily. Rats were decapitated at the end of the experiment and testicular tissue specimens were harvested for histopathologic and biochemical assessment. Results: Compared to the C group, reduction was observed in the number of intact tubules and in the mean germinative epithelium thickness of the FA groups. Significant increase was observed in the number of intact tubules with the long-term (13 weeks) administration of NSO together with FA. Reduced glutathione peroxidase activity was found and oxidative stress index values were measured higher in the 4FA and 13FA groups versus the C group (P<0.05). Moreover, total antioxidant status levels decreased only in the 4FA group (P<0.05) while only the 13FA group significantly increased malondialdehyde levels and reduced catalase activities in comparison with the C group. In the 13FA+NSO group, malondialdehyde levels decreased however glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities increased compared to the 13FA group. Differences measured in total antioxidant status levels were found to be statistically significant only between the 4FA and the 4FA+NSO groups. Conclusions: NSO as an antioxidant should be used for a longer term to achieve protective efficacy both histopathologically and biochemically in the testicular tissue.