Uso excepcional da veia epigátrica inferior na anestesia de lactente com acesso venoso impraticável / Exceptional use of inferior epigastric veins in infant anesthesia with impractical venous access / Uso excepcional de la vena epigástrica inferior en la anestesia de lactante con acceso venoso impracticable

Objetivo: Relatar uma condição excepcional de aceso venoso para anestesia por meio da canulação, no campo cirúrgico, da veia epigástrica inferior. Método: Relato de experiência ocorrida em hospital materno-infantil do município de Guarulhos, em São Paulo. Resultado: Relata-se o caso de um paciente de oito meses, submetido ao procedimento de correção de hérnia inguinal esquerda após episódios de encarceramento de difícil redução. Após monitoração de rotina e indução anestésica inalatória, não se conseguiu acesso venoso, mesmo com inúmeras tentativas realizadas por vários profissionais presentes decorrente do excesso de panículo adiposo. Realizado acesso venoso no campo cirúrgico por dissecção e cateterismo com Jelco® da veia epigástrica inferior. Conclusão: Em casos especiais, a veia epigástrica inferior é um vaso passível de cateterização para infusões venosas. É um procedimento de exceção que requer avaliação das condições da criança, preparo para o procedimento e monitorização constante, por todos os profissionais envolvidos na assistência, no período perioperatório.

Objective: To report an exceptional venous access situation for anesthesia by cannulation (at the surgical site) of the inferior epigastric vein. Method: This article reports on the experience obtained in a maternal and children hospital in the city of Guarulhos, São Paulo. Result: We report the case of an eight-month patient who underwent left inguinal hernia repair after incarceration episodes of difficult reduction. After routine monitoring and inhalational anesthetic induction, we obtained no venous access due to excessive adipose panicle, even with numerous attempts by several professionals. Venous access was obtained at the surgical site by dissection and catheterization of the inferior epigastric vein with a Jelco• catheter. Conclusion: In special cases, the inferior epigastric vein is a possible catheterization vessel for venous infusions. It is an exception procedure that requires evaluation of the child's condition, preparation for the procedure and constant monitoring by all professionals involved in the care during the perioperative period.

Objetivo: Relatar una condición excepcional de acceso venoso para anestesia por medio de la canulación, en el campo quirúrgico, de la vena epigástrica inferior. Método: Relato de experiencia ocurrida en hospital materno-infantil del municipio de Guarulhos, en São Paulo. Resultado: Se relata el caso de un paciente de ocho meses, sometido al procedimiento de corrección de hernia inguinal izquierda tras episodios de encarcelamiento de difícil reducción. Tras monitoreo de rutina e inducción anestésica inhalatoria, no se consiguió acceso venoso, mismo con innumerables tentativas realizadas por varios profesionales presentes decurrente del exceso de panículo adiposo. Realizado acceso venoso en el campo quirúrgico por disección y cateterismo con Jelco• de la vena epigástrica inferior. Conclusión: En casos especiales, la vena epigástrica inferior es un vaso pasible de cateterización para infusiones venosas. Es un procedimiento de excepción que requiere evaluación de las condiciones del niño, preparo para el procedimiento y monitorización constante, por todos los profesionales involucrados en la asistencia, en el período perioperatorio.

Sufentanil em infusåo venosa contínua para cirurgias abdominais / Continuous intravenous infusion of sufentanil for abdomianal surgery

Background and Objectives - Sufentanil is 5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl and this property parallels its greateraffinity for opioid receptors. The aims of thisnon-comparative study were to determine the dose requirements of sufentanil used as part of a balanced technique and to evaluate the cardiovascular consequences and the recovery from anesthesia following its use. Methods - Fifty adult ASA physical status I-II patients, aged 41.02 +- 11.45 years undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgeries were studied. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg.Kg-1 and sufentanil 3.0 ug.Kg-1, followed by pancuronium and tracheal intubation. Patients received N2O/O2 (50/50 per cenmt) and were maintained under mechanical controlled ventilation in a rebreathing circuit with CO2 absorbant. Sufentanil infusion rate was adjusted in order to avoidsigns of light anesthesia. Both the opioid and N2O were discontinued 10 min before the presumed end surgery. Using non-invasive methods, systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressure, heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored throughout the procedure. Total consumption of sufentanil and infusion rate requirements were evaluated, as well as duration and quality anesthesia recovery, residual analgesia and perioperative complications. Results - The mean duration of the procedures was 162.42+-69.16 min, the mean total dose of sufentanil was 6.78+-2.29 ug.Kg-1 and the mean infusion rate was 0.024+-0.06 ug.Kg-1. The mean time for recovery to stage IV (well oriented in time and space) was 39.88+-13.95 min. Forty patients (80 per cent) required naloxone to antagonize respiratory depression 30 minafter the discontinuation of opioid infusion. Despiste the reduction in SAP, DAP and MAP following induction, tracheal intubation and surgical incision, there was good cardiovascular stability. Residual analgesia lasting more than 6 hours after discontinuation of sufentanil was observed in 66 per cent of the patients. Conclusions - The technique provides good anesthesia for intra-abdominal surgeries. In order to avoid light anesthesia, sufentanil infusion rate should be titrated for each patient. The high incidence of respiratory depression in the immediate postoperative period requires special observation of these patients in the recovery room

Estudo nåo-comparativo sobre o sevoflurano na anestesia de pacientes adultos ambulatóriais / A non-comparative study on sevoflurane in adult outapatients

Background and objectives - Sevoflurane is a new inhalational anesthetic with short induction and recovery times, which make it appropriate for outpatient surgery. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with sevoflurane in adult outpatients. Methods - Sevoflurane was used for maintenance of anesthesia in 40 adult patients, with age range of 30.9 +- 10.5 years and ASA physical status I or II, undergoing ambulatory procedures. Induction of anesthesia was obtained with midazolam 0.25 mg/Kg-1 and alfetanil 30 ug/Kg-1 and the patients were maintained with N2O/O2 (60/40 per cent), under tracheal intubation and controlled mechanical vntilation, in a rebreating system with CO2 absorption. Sevoflurane was administered via the Ohmeda Sevotec 5 vaporizer. Monitoring included SpO2, PETCO2, ETN2O, and ETSEVO, with the aid of the CapnomacOhmeda Datex. Systol;ic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were registered at the following moments: 1) one minute before induction; 2) one minute after tracheal intubation; 3) one minute before surgical incision; 4) five minutes after surgical incision; 5) ten minutes after discontinuation of sevoflurane. The following parameters related to recovery from anesthesia were studied: awakening time, time to verbal command, time to orientation, time to liberation from phase I, time to liberation from phase II (hospital discharge). Time of exposure to sevoflurane and untoward effects were also registered. Results - Mean time of exposure to sevoflurane was 81.1 +- 43.9 min and mean values of end tidal sevoflurane were 1.07 +- 0.40 per cent one miute after tracheal intubation, 1.75 +- 0.38 per cent one minute before surgical incision and 1.85 +- 0.61 per cent five minutes after surgical incision. Recovery times from anesthesia were as follows: awakening 19.1 +- 9.5 min; response to command 21.8 +- 11.2 min; orientation 26.8 +- 11.5 min; phase I 53.2 +- 9.7 min; phase II 144.9 +- 41.7 min. Hypotension (decrease in SBP greater than 30 per cent of pre induction values) ocurred in 17 patients (42.5 per cent) and was promptly controlled by reducing the inspired concentration of sevoflurane. Awareness did not occur and acceptance was good in all cases. Conclusions - The fast recovery and the low incidence of untoward effects indicate that sevoflurane is an appropriate anesthetic for outpatients