A Study to Assess the Association between Colonoscopic Finding & Upper Gastro Intestinal Endoscopy Findings in Patients with Portal Hypertension

Introduction: Portal hypertension and its complications are theleading causes of death and liver transplantation, in patientswith cirrhosis. Portal hypertension causes hemodynamic andmucosal changes in the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Thesemucosal changes in upper and lower gastro intestinal tractresult in various hemorrhagic manifestations.Methodology: This study was conducted in RNT MedicalCollege and attached hospitals, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Theobjective of study was to find relationship betweencolonoscopic finding and upper GI endoscopy finding in portalhypertension patients. A total of 100 patients’ diagnosed casesof portal hypertension were included in study. A predesignedand pretested Performa were used for obtaining informationregarding socio-demographic variables and laboratoryinvestigations including upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopyat endoscopy laboratory.Result: In present study, 75% patient had esophageal varicesand 93% patient had portal hypertensive gastropathy. Rectalvarices, rectopathy and portal hypertensive colopathy werefound in 57% of cases,39% cases and 32% cases respectively.While hemorrhoids were found in 53% of cases. Among thepatients who had esophageal varices, rectal varices werepresent in 64%. In patients without esophageal varices, rectalvaries was present in 36%. Association was found statisticallysignificant (p = 0.01). There was no statistical significantassociation found between esophageal varices and othercolonic lesions like rectopathy, colopathy and haemorrhoids. Inpresent study there was no statistically significant associationbetween portal hypertensive gastropathy and portalhypertension related colonic lesions (PHC, rectal varices,rectopathy and hemorrhoids).Conclusion: Upper gastro intestinal lesions gastropathy andesophageal varices are more common finding than lowergastro intestinal lesions. Rectal varices are only significantlower gastro intestinal finding on colonoscopy among thepatients of portal hypertension who had esophageal varices onupper GI endoscopy.

Assessment of pulmonary function in local healthy Nepalese men of Dharan and it's anthropometric correlation.

Healthy non smoking male subjects (n = 150) aged 18-40 years were subjected to pulmonary function testing to establish linear multiple regression model. Pulmonary parameters were considered as independent variables and physical parameters (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) and anthropometric parameters (skin fold thickness (SFT), mid arm circumference and abdominal girth) were taken as dependent variables. This study was undertaken to determine correlation coefficients between dependent variables and different pulmonary independent variables and to derive regression equations or prediction formulae in order to find out the expected normal values for the different lung function tests in a given individual. Present study revealed that the upper body fat distribution, as reflected by biceps skin fold thickness and mid arm circumference, is a significant predicator of ventilatory function.

Study habits and attitude of medical students of basic sciences.

Study habits and attitude for learning of Basic Medical Sciences amongst 133 students of first and second year MBBS course were analyzed (through questionnaires). The study revealed that the most of the students desired to be physicians to serve the patient/society. They preferred to learn more through self study (48.0%) and lecture classes (43.0%), less through group discussion (8.0%) and PBL (1.0%). Only 5.0% use to surf the internet regularly for their study matter and 79.0% students had never consulted any medical journals.