Endocavitary radiotherapy in carcinoma oesophagus.

Radiation therapy is often used in an attempt to palliate or cure oesophageal neoplasms. However, the radiation tolerance of the normal structures around the oesophagus (heart, lung and spinal cord) restricts the radiation dose that can be delivered. We used a nasogastric catheter to deliver High Dose Intra-luminal Iridium-192 irradiation for carcinoma of the oesophagus using HDR-Varisource machine. This technique for treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus can help overcome the dose restraints. The external beam radiation dose was about 46 Gy and the intra luminal dose was 5 Gy at 1 cm from central axis. These after loading procedures are simple, fast and accurate and can be used to boost external radiation therapy doses. Since the intra luminal boost delivers a high-localized dose with little side effects, this simple technique should be used to obtain palliation, delay tumour progression, reduce overall treatment time and attempt to improve survival in patients with oesophageal neoplasm. Intra luminal brachytherapy helps achieve good palliation in these neoplasms.

Curative interstitial brachytherapy for early stage carcinoma lip.

Brachytherapy is potentially useful in the treatment of head-and-neck cancers, because most tumor sites, such as the lip, tongue, floor of mouth, tonsil, pharynx, nasopharynx, sinuses, and neck, are accessible for the placement of afterloading applicators and catheters. It has the advantage of delivering a higher radiation dose to the tumor while sparing surrounding normal tissue from radiation. Furthermore, the overall treatment duration is shorter, and the dose distribution confirms to tumor shape. Brachytherapy is used as "monotherapy" for the treatment of small primary tumors or recurrent disease after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Small cancers of the lip (less than 2 cm) are treated equally well with surgery or radiation therapy with excellent cosmetic and functional results seen in radiation therapy. We treated an 18-year old male diagnosed as stage I carcinoma lip with curative interstitial brachytherapy. He was treated to a dose of 3 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day at interval of 6 hours between the two fractions for 6 days. He therefore received a total dose of 36 Gy with High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy, which is equivalent to 58.36 Gy conventional radiotherapy dose. At two months follow, the patient is clinically disease free and has no complaints.

Radiotherapy for splenomegaly.

Radiotherapy for massive, symptomatic splenomegaly has been used in a palliative setting since the early 1990's. Massive splenomegaly may be seen in CML, CLL, hairy cell leukemia and splenic marginal zone lymphomas, prolymphocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythaemia rubra, polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocytosis or myelofibrosis. Splenic radiation therapy has been shown to be effective in palliation of the signs and symptoms due to massive splenomegaly. We present here one such case of myelofibrosis where the patient was treated with radiotherapy to the spleen for symptomatic relief. The patient achieved excellent response to the treatment.