Evaluation of Demirjian stage of the third molar as a reliable predictor of 18 years age

Background: In accordance with section 3(1) of the 1875 Indian majority act, any individual residing in India must reach the majority age when they reach the age of 18 and not before. Third molar formation begins approximately the age of 18. This study aims to distinguish the third molar Demirjian stage(s) indicate that the individual is under the age of 18, and which do not, we will be able to determine the person's age. Methods: In this research, 202 patients' OPG radiographs aged 14-25 years were obtained. Their radiographs revealed 742 third molars in total. Third molar development was examined using Demirjian's eight-stage method, and average age was then calculated for each step of third molar growth. Stages under the age of eighteen and stages over the age of eighteen were analyzed. Results: Data revealed that a person was in stage C most likely under the age of 18 (minor) and at stage H, a person was most likely over the age of 18 (major). Stages A and B were not evident in the age range studied. The age associated with stage C was less than 18 years, while the age associated with stage H was greater than 18 years. Conclusions: Assessing third molar growth stages is a reliable non-invasive method for estimating an individual's age. Stage H indicates a likely age over 18 with completed root development, while stage C suggests an age under 18 with ongoing root development, making it a quick and useful approach.

Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy: a rare possibility

Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as a condition when intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. It is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate and accurate diagnostics and treatment. We present the case of a 34-year-old multigravida in her 7 weeks of gestation came to emergency ward with complains of pain in abdomen for 3 days. Ultrasonographic examination showed a live intrauterine pregnancy and mild to moderate free fluid in abdomen with moving internal echoes. An emergency exploratory laparotomy done and left sided tubal ectopic removed along with right salpingectomy as patient was willing for family planning. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose Heterotopic pregnancy as clinical as well as radiological findings may be insufficient for diagnosis.

Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy: a rare possibility

Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as a condition when intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. It is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate and accurate diagnostics and treatment. We present the case of a 34-year-old multigravida in her 7 weeks of gestation came to emergency ward with complains of pain in abdomen for 3 days. Ultrasonographic examination showed a live intrauterine pregnancy and mild to moderate free fluid in abdomen with moving internal echoes. An emergency exploratory laparotomy done and left sided tubal ectopic removed along with right salpingectomy as patient was willing for family planning. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose Heterotopic pregnancy as clinical as well as radiological findings may be insufficient for diagnosis.

Internet addiction among students of Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad - A cross-sectional study

Background: Internet has become a widely used tool in a developing country like India as in the developed world and has shown exponential growth particularly in the past 10 years or so. There has been a growing worry among the intellectuals about what level of use can be termed as “more than desirable” and when should it be termed to be “Addiction.” Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find the sociobehavioral correlates and prevalence of internet addiction (IA), study the relationship of IA with internet use profile, and evaluate the risk factors associated with it among university students of TMU, Moradabad. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal cross-sectional survey was executed with sample size of 587 students from medical, nursing, physiotherapy, and engineering courses in the University of TMU after securing permission from their respective college authorities. Semi-structured, pre-designed, and pre-tested survey instrument consisting of “The IATest (Young, 1998)” after instructing them briefly was administered. Results: Of the total of 552 study subjects who took part in the study, 182 (32.97%) were girls and 370 (67.03%) were boys. The mean age of the students was found to be 19.5 years. Majority (64.31%) subjects were only mild users or non-addicts. On application of Young’s original criteria, as much as 2.54% of students were found to be addicts. Conclusion: In the modern days, obsession for having “All-knowledge” at fingertips, hype for social media and has variety to entertainment to name the few, the use of internet is but must; apart from the indispensable uses of internet, the college students are highly susceptible to IA that may cause wasting of the precious study time as well as their time for relaxation and recreational activities, ultimately affecting the educational situation unfavorably. Hence, the Universities/Educational Institutes should wake up to the impending problem and extenuate the use of internet mainly for scholastic purposes.

A Clinical Study On Diagnostic And Clinicopathological Correlation Of Acute Appendicitis Undergoing Emergency Appendicectomy In A Rural Tertiary Care Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis remains a common surgical condition and the importance of specific elements in the clinical diagnosis remain controversial. A variety of neoplastic and inflammatory conditions mimic acute appendicitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the presenting pattern of acute appendicitis and to correlate with the pathological diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine and correlate between the clinical and per–operative pathological findings of acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 108 patients who had appendicectomy for acute appendicitis at Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Rural area, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu during the periodApril 2017 to March 2018 (1 Year). Patient demographics,clinical features, operative findings and histology results were recorded on a special patient proforma. Study Type: Retrospective Study. Duration of the study: April 2017 to March 2018 (1Year) RESULTS: Out of the total of 108 patients studied, 66 were males i.e. 61.1% while 42 were femalesi.e.38.9%, with a male female ratio of 1.57:1. The majority of our patients were in the second decade (n=35 i.e. 32.4%). The most common presenting complaints were abdominal pain (n=108 i.e.100%), Nausea(n=57 i.e. 52.8%), vomiting (n= 84 i.e. 77.8%) and diarrhoea (n=9 i.e.8.3%). As for clinical signs 100% of the patients (n=108) in this study had some degree of right iliac fossa tenderness. At surgery, 67.6% (n=73) of appendices were apparently inflamed. 1.9% (n=2) were perforated and 4.6% (n=5) had appendicular abscess whereas in 25.9% (n=28) cases faecolith with inflammation was present. 67.6% (n=73) of the patients presented within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. In 59.3% (n=64) of the patients Oral fluids were started on 1st post–operative day (POD). 56.5% (n=61) of the patients were discharged on the 5th day.

An analysis of multimodal occupational exposure leading to blood borne infections among health care workers.

Occupational exposure poses a signifi cant risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens to healthcare workers (HCWs). Adherence to standard precautions, awareness about post exposure prophylaxis is poor in developing countries. This retrospective study analyzes the self-reported cases of occupational exposure in a tertiary care hospital. During the study period, 105 HCWs sustained occupational exposure to blood and body fl uids. Majority of the victims 36 (34.2%) were interns and the clinical practice that led to the occupational exposure was withdrawal of blood (45.7%). Good infection control practices and emphasis on appropriate disposal are needed to increase the occupational safety for HCWs.

Expression of maspin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: An immunohistochemical study.

Context: Maspin is a novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin) with multifaceted tumor‑suppressive activities. It was originally identified in normal human breast myoepithelial cells and shows variable expression in different types of cancer cells. Maspin displays anti‑metastatic properties in mammary and prostate cancer. Its expression is maintained during ovarian, lung and pancreatic carcinogenesis, indicating that Maspin regulated metastatic potential is tissue specific. Thus, it is possible that Maspin participates in salivary gland tumor biology as well. In this study, expression pattern of maspin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors is analyzed, to understand the biological behavior of salivary gland tumors with respect to maspin expression. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate, record, and correlate the expression pattern of maspin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Settings and Design: A retrospective study of maspin expression in 30 diagnosed cases of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors retrieved from archives of our department. Materials and Methods: Anti‑maspin antibody and horseradish peroxidase detection system. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi‑square/Fisher Exact test. Results: Intense expression with P < 0.001 is associated with benign tumors, nuclear staining with P < 0.001 is significantly associated with benign tumors and cytoplasmic staining with P = 0.020 is associated with malignant tumors. Conclusion: Intensity of expression is more in benign tumors when compared with malignant tumors. The benign tumors showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. Some malignant tumors did express maspin, but mainly in the cytoplasm.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the tongue.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is a benign fibrohistiocytic neoplasm. It is documented to occur in all anatomic sites with a strong predilection for sun exposed skin surfaces. Intra oral occurrence of BFH comprises a lesser percentage of cases with tongue being the least reported site. We report a case of BFH of the tongue with an emphasis on its histogenesis and a review of the literature.

Schiff bases: facile synthesis, spectral characterization and biocidal studies.

A family of Schiff bases was synthesized by the reactions of o-aminobenzoic acid and Knovenegal condensate of β-ketoesters in 1:1 ratio. The newly synthesized Schiff bases were characterized by Elemental analyses and spectral (FT-IR, UV–Vis and 1H-NMR) studies and the structures have been proposed tentatively. These compounds were subjected to study their biocidal efficacy against S. epidermidis, E. coli, B. cinerea and A. niger.

Ruthenium (II) complexes: Physico-chemical, spectroscopic, redox, microbial and DNA binding studies.

An octahedral ruthenium(II) Schiff base complexes of the type [Ru(CO)(Py)L] (L = dianion of the Schiff bases derived from acetoacetanilide with o-phenylenediamine and salicylaldehyde/ohydroxyacetophenone/ o-vanillin/2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) have been synthesized from the reactions of equimolar ratio of [Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(Py)] and Schiff bases in benzene. The formation of the Schiff base ligands and its complexes have been envisaged from IR, UV-VIS, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, High resolution mass and Powder XRD studies. These spectral studies confirm an octahedral environment around the metal ion. The redox behaviour of the complexes has also been determined. The ligands, metal precursors and the complexes were tested for their efficiency towards antimicrobial activity. DNA binding studies (Herring Sperm DNA) were carried out for the complexes [Ru(CO)(Py)L1] and [Ru(CO)(Py)L2] using biochemical techniques such as UV-VIS, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. These techniques paved the way to probe the details of their DNA binding abilities. Intrinsic binding constant have been estimated and it showed a moderate intercalative interactions than the other classical intercalators.

Synthesis and characterization of organosoluble ruthenium(ii) complexes bearing schiff base ligands: efficient reusable catalyst for the hydrogenation reactions.

Six new organosoluble ruthenium(II) complexes bearing dibasic tetradentate Schiff base ligands of the general formula [Ru(CO)(PPh3)(L)] (where L = dibasic tetradentate Schiff base ligands derived by condensing actetoacetanilide/acetoacetotoludide with o-aminophenol/oaminothiophenol/ o-aminobenzoic acid in 1:2 molar ratio in ethanolic medium) have been synthesized by reacting [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] with the respective Schiff base ligands in 1:1 molar ratio. The complexes were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. An octahedral structure has been proposed tentatively for all the complexes. These ruthenium(II) complexes possess N2O2/N2S2 metal binding sites and act as a potential catalyst for the hydrogenation reactions. Organosoluble ruthenium(II) complexes have been used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of methoxy benzene and benzaldehyde. From the results it was observed that all the new six complexes proved to be better catalyst in the hydrogenation. All the ruthenium(II) complexes decomposes completely to form ruthenium metal, which in turn forms a active ruthenium hydride in the hydrogenation reaction. The reusability of the ruthenium catalysts have also been evaluated up to six consecutive runs, which does not show much variation in the conversion of the substrate.

Ruthenium (II) schiff base: Complexes, physico-chemical, spectrometric, microbial and dna binding and cleaving studies.

Stable ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes having the general composition [Ru(CO) (PPh3)(py)(L)] (where L= bianion of tridentate Schiff bases (H2L1, H2L2 and H2L3)) were synthesized from the reaction of [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)2(py)] with bidentate Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of isatin with o-aminophenol / o-aminothiophenol / o-aminobenzoic acid. The new complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, Mass spectra, IR, UV-Vis and 1H, 13C and 31P - NMR spectral data. The redox property of the complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetric technique. An octahedral geometry has been assigned tentatively for all the complexes. In all the above reactions, the Schiff bases replaces a hydride and chloride ion and PPh3 from the starting complexes, which indicate that the Ru–N bonds present in the complexes containing heterocyclic nitrogen bases are stronger than the Ru–P. These complexes were also subjected to study their biocidal activity against S. epidermidis and E. coli. Some of the complexes show higher efficiency when compared with the standard (Ciprofloxacin and Co-trimoxazole). DNA (Herring Sperm) binding behaviour of the complex [Ru(L1)(CO)(PPh3)(py)] has been studied by electronic spectra, cyclic voltammetric, differential pulse voltametric (DPV), circular dichorism and gel electrophoresis techniques.