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SUMMARY: Keloid scar is a unique benign fibroproliferative tumor of the human skin. Previously, it was reported that early growth response 1 (EGR1), a transcription factor, promotes keloid fibrosis; however, the mechanism by which EGR1 modulates keloid formation was not elaborated. In this research, the specific function and the microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network of EGR1 in keloids was examined. Keloid fibroblasts (KFs) were transfected with EGR1-small interfering RNA (siEGR1), EGR1-overexpression plasmid (pcDNA3.1-EGR1), and microRNA (miR-183-5p)-mimics to regulate the expression of EGR1 and miR-183-5p. The study employed dual-luciferase reporter assays to explore the targeting regulation of miR-183-5p on EGR1. Additionally, Western blotting, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, cell count kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, and wound healing assays, and RNA sequencing were conducted. EGR1 was upregulated in KFs, and EGR1 silencing diminished proliferation, fibrosis, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of cells. In KFs, the expression of miR- 183-5p was reduced, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, it enhanced apoptosis. By targeting EGR1, miR-183-5p partially counteracted the impact of EGR1 on migration, invasion, and fibrosis in KFs. The findings imply that miR-183-5p suppresses keloid formation by targeting EGR1. As a result, EGR1 holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating keloids.
La cicatriz queloide es un tumor fibroproliferativo benigno único de la piel humana. Anteriormente, se informó que la respuesta de crecimiento temprano 1 (EGR1), un factor de transcripción, promueve la fibrosis queloide; sin embargo, no se explicó el mecanismo por el cual EGR1 modula la formación de queloides. En esta investigación, se examinó la función específica y la red reguladora de microARN (miARN) de EGR1 en queloides. Se transfectaron fibroblastos queloides (KF) con ARN de interferencia pequeño de EGR1 (siEGR1), plásmido de sobreexpresión de EGR1 (pcDNA3.1-EGR1) y miméticos de microARN (miR-183-5p) para regular la expresión de EGR1 y miR-183. -5p. El estudio empleó ensayos de indicador de luciferasa dual para explorar la regulación dirigida de miR-183-5p en EGR1. Además, se realizaron pruebas de transferencia Western, citometría de flujo, qRT-PCR, kit de recuento celular-8 (CCK-8), transwell y curación de heridas, y secuenciación de ARN. EGR1 estaba regulado positivamente en KF, y el silenciamiento de EGR1 disminuyó la proliferación, fibrosis, migración, invasión y apoptosis de las células. En KF, la expresión de miR- 183-5p se redujo, lo que llevó a la inhibición de la proliferación, migración e invasión celular. Por el contrario, mejoró la apoptosis. Al apuntar a EGR1, miR-183-5p contrarrestó parcialmente el impacto de EGR1 en la migración, invasión y fibrosis en KF. Los hallazgos implican que miR-183-5p suprime la formación de queloides al apuntar a EGR1. Como resultado, EGR1 es prometedor como objetivo terapéutico potencial para prevenir y tratar los queloides.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Proteína 1 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz , Fibroblastos , Queloide/genética , Queloide/patología , Cicatrización de Heridas , Transfección , Regulación hacia Abajo , Movimiento Celular , Western Blotting , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Apoptosis , MicroARNs/fisiología , Proliferación Celular , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Objective @#To explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of multiple idiopathic root resorption to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. @*Methods@# The clinical data of a case of multiple idiopathic root resorption were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature was reviewed.@*Results@#The patient had no history of orthodontic correction, occlusal trauma, trauma history or other causes of root resorption. Clinical examination revealed full-mouth gingival congestion, redness, a loose texture, and variable degrees of destruction of the alveolar bone. Imaging examination showed that teeth 13, 16, 26, 36, 46 had idiopathic root resorption. The diagnoses were multiple idiopathic root resorption and periodontitis. The pathology tests showed that a large number of osteoclasts were present in the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. Whole-exome sequencing showed that there was a strong correlation between gene mutations (WNT7a and HSPG2) and the present phenotype. Root resorption of teeth without periodontitis was stopped after periodontal treatment during the 19-month follow-up. Tooth 13 was removed, and extraction socket preservation was performed. The etiology of idiopathic root resorption may be related to gene mutations, but it is not clear. At present, there is no effective treatment. @* Conclusion @#Multiple idiopathic root resorption has an unknown etiology, but it may be related to WNT7A and HSPG2 gene mutations. The rate of root resorption can be slowed by controlling periodontal inflammation.
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@#Traditional titanium implants do not completely meet the clinical requirements because they are bioinert. The surface of titanium implants, modified by strontium ions, can enhance osseointegration and reduce peri-implantitis. In this paper, the biological properties of titanium implant surfaces modified by strontium ions were reviewed. Strontium ions can be coated on the implant surface by hydrothermal treatment, electrochemical deposition, phosphate chemical conversion, flame-spraying, supramolecular self-assembly, magnetron sputtering, laser deposition and alkali etching. Implant surfaces modified by strontium ions can not only promote osteogenesis and early osseointegration but also inhibit bacterial growth and reduce postoperative infections. Even better osseointegration and antibacterial effects can be achieved when strontium ions are incorporated with other elements, such as silver, zinc, gallium, and calcium. However, most of the studies on the use of strontium ion-modified titanium implants are animal experiments and in vitro experiments, and the observation time is short compared with the actual service life of the implants. Thus, the conclusions obtained may be different from the actual clinical application, and the long-term effects need to be studied. In addition, the osteogenic effects of various modification methods also need to be compared. Future research can focus on the following points: ① to find efficient modification methods that can be widely used in the clinic; ②to study how to control the concentration of strontium ions near the implant to exert their biological function and reduce their toxic side effects; and ③ to conduct long-term follow-up clinical trials to observe their osteogenic and antibacterial effects.
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Objective@# To explore the early failure of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) and to provide a reference for clinical implant restoration.@*Methods@# From April 2017 to April 2020, data from a total of 725 patients (with 1 001 NDIs) who accepted implant restoration due to dentition defects were collected from the department of dental implantology in a stomatological hospital; 353 males and 372 females were included. The early failure rate of 1 001 NDIs was retrospectively analyzed. Univariate generalized estimated equation (GEE) and multivariate GEE were used to explore risk factors, including age, sex, implant location, materials, surface modification, length, bone augmentation and healing procedure, associated with early failure of NDIs.@*Results@#There were 34 cases of early failure among 725 patients, including 38 NDIs. The early failure rate of NDIs was 4.69% at the patient level and 3.80% at the implant level. There was no significant difference in the early failure rate of NDIs among different age groups, sexes, implant materials, surface modifications, lengths, and healing procedures (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the early failure rate of NDIs in the anterior maxilla group (2.16%) and the anterior mandible group (8.64%) at the implant level (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the early failure rate between the anterior maxilla group and the posterior group (3.35%) (P>0.05). In addition, in the anterior region, the early failure rate of NDIs in the group with simultaneous bone augmentation was significantly lower than that of the group without bone augmentation (P<0.05). However, multivariate GEE analysis showed that the early failure rate of NDIs was only significantly positively correlated with implants in the mandibular anterior region (P<0.01). @*Conclusion @#The overall early survival rate of Straumann 3.3 mm NDIs is greater than 95%. The early failure of NDIs in the anterior mandible region is much higher than that in the anterior maxilla region and posterior region.
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SUMMARY: The establishment of primary keloid fibroblast culture has always been a fundamental measure for studying mechanisms of keloid disease. The quality of the primary cell culture can directly affect the results of further experiments. This study was performed to investigate the optimal growth conditions, including the optimal storage time and collagenase treatment time, for in vitro cell culture models and the suitable methods for epidermis-dermis separation in different tissues. Keloid tissues, keloid-surrounding tissues, and normal skin tissues were collected from patients, for primary fibroblast culture. Two methods, tissue explant and collagenase digestion, were deployed and compared. Expression levels of the keloid-related genes α -SMA, Col1, and Col3 were assessed in cells cultured using both methods, to verify the qualities of the primary cells. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two methods and among the three different tissues used. Bacterial and lipid contamination was immediately minimized after the samples were processed. Different methods of epidermis removal and different durations of collagenase digestion were required in different tissues to generate optimal results. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of keloid-related genes in cultured fibroblasts correlated to their in vivo expression profile, as previously reported in other studies. The results of this study have revealed several key points in the culture of primary keloid fibroblasts and demonstrated the correlation in gene expression between in vivo keloid fibroblasts and in vitro primary keloid fibroblasts.
RESUMEN: La identificación de un cultivo de fibroblastos queloides primarios, siempre ha sido una medida fundamental para estudiar los mecanismos de la enfermedad queloide. La calidad del cultivo de células primarias puede afectar directamente los resultados de otros experimentos. Este estudio se realizó para investigar las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento, incluido el tiempo óptimo de almacenamiento y el tiempo de tratamiento con colagenasa, para modelos de cultivo celular in vitro y los métodos adecuados para la separación epidermis-dermis en diferentes tejidos. Se recogieron de los pacientes tejidos queloides, tejidos circundantes queloides y tejidos cutáneos normales, para cultivo primario de fibroblastos. Se implementaron y compararon dos métodos, explante de tejido y digestión con colagenasa. Los niveles de expresión de los genes relacionados con queloides α -SMA, Col1 y Col3 se evaluaron en células cultivadas usando ambos métodos, para verificar las cualidades de las células primarias. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre los dos métodos y entre los tres tejidos diferentes utilizados. La contaminación de bacterias y lípidos se minimizó inmediatamente después de que se procesaron las muestras. Se requirieron varios métodos de eliminación de la epidermis y diferentes tiempos de digestión con colagenasa en los tejidos para generar resultados óptimos. Los resultados de la PCR en tiempo real mostraron que los niveles de expresión de ARNm de genes relacionados con queloides en fibroblastos cultivados se correlacionaban con su perfil de expresión in vivo, como se informó en estudios anteriores. Los resultados de este studio indicaron varios puntos clave en el cultivo de fibroblastos queloides primarios y han demostrado la correlación en la expresión génica entre fibroblastos queloides in vivo y fibroblastos queloides primarios in vitro.
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Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Piel , Cultivo Primario de Células/métodos , Fibroblastos , Queloide , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Actinas , Colágeno , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
SUMMARY: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant neurogenetic disease with variable clinical manifestations, which are primarily manifested as neurofibromas, café-au-lait macules (CALMs) and skeletal deformities. Although generally benign, expansile neurofibromas that are characteristic of NF1 readily lead to disturbing deformities. It is often difficult to surgically extirpate a tumor that involves these important tissues or organs. We report a rare case of a patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1. The patient presented with a congenital giant scalp neurofibroma and CALMs in the occipito-cervical region, in addition to ear and occipital deformities. We performed a challenging surgical intervention (a near-total resection) to reduce the tumor burden and rehabilitate the appearance and function of the patient while preserving the intracranial tissue structure. Here, we review this case and analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of NF1.
RESUMEN: La neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) es una rara enfermedad neurogenética autosómica dominante, con manifestaciones clínicas variables, que se manifiestan principalmente como neurofibromas, máculas café con leche (CALM) y deformidades esqueléticas. Generalmente los neurofibromas expansivos benignos que son característicos de NF1 conducen fácilmente a deformidades exageradas. A menudo es difícil extirpar quirúrgicamente un tumor que involucra estos tejidos u órganos importantes. Presentamos un caso raro de un paciente con neurofibromatosis tipo 1. La paciente presentó un neurofibroma congénito gigante del cuero cabelludo y CALM en la región occipitocervical, además de deformidades del oido y región occipital. Realizamos una intervención quirúrgica desafiante (una resección casi total) para reducir la carga tumoral y rehabilitar la apariencia y función de la paciente mientras se preservó la estructura del tejido intracraneal. Aquí, revisamos este caso y analizamos las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de NF1.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Neurofibromatosis 1/cirugía , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the course of the supraorbital nerve and temporal branch of the facial nerve, and to verify the clinical security of cutting the frontalis muscle flap to treat blepharoptosis in one-third of the eyebrow. Twenty cadavers were dissected. The relationship of the supraorbital nerve and the course of the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve with the head and neck muscles was evaluated. Forty patients underwent clinical frontal muscular flap suspension surgery for the treatment of blepharoptosis. The postoperative curative and complication rates were determined. The courses of the supraorbital nerve and frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve were observed to determine a relatively safe area in one-third of the eyebrow. The average width of the zone was 25.0±3.5 mm. In forty cases, satisfactory results were achieved in correcting blepharoptosis by cutting the frontal muscular flap in the middle of eyebrow within the wide range of 17±2.1 mm. No secondary sensory and motor dysfunctions occurred. One-third of the eyebrow (eyebrow center, within 17±2.1 mm) was a relatively safe area and allowed for the prevention of damage to the temporal branch of the facial nerve inside the supraorbital nerve and supraorbital artery and the outer frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el curso del nervio supraorbital y la rama temporal del nervio facial, para verificar la seguridad clínica de cortar el vientre frontal del músculo occipitofrontal (colgajo de músculo frontal) para tratar la blefaroptosis en un tercio de la ceja. Veinte cadáveres fueron disecados. Se evaluó la relación del nervio supraorbital y el curso de la rama temporal del nervio facial con los músculos de la cabeza y cuello. Cuarenta pacientes fueron sometidos a la cirugía de confección del colgajo del músculo frontal para el tratamiento de la ptosis palpebral. Se determinaron las tasas de curación y de complicaciones postoperatorias. Se observaron los cursos del nervio supraorbital y la rama temporal del nervio facial para determinar un área relativamente segura en un tercio de la ceja. El ancho medio de la zona fue 25,0±3,5 mm. En cuarenta casos, se lograron resultados satisfactorios en la corrección de la blefaroptosis con el colgajo del músculo frontal en la mitad de la ceja en un rango de 17±2,1 mm. No se produjeron disfunciones sensoriales o motoras secundarias. El tercio de la ceja (centro del entrecejo, dentro de 17±2,1 mm) es una zona relativamente segura y permite la prevención de daños al ramo temporal del nervio facial ubicada medial al nervio supraorbitario y a la arteria supraorbitaria, además del ramo temporal lateral del nervio facial.