Correlation study on non-volatile ingredients of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To establish the method for determining non-volatile ingredients of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, luteoloside, isoquercitrin, hesperidin, diosmin, diosmetin, luteolin, acacetin and linarin in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces by UPLC-MS/MS, and analyze the correlation of non-volatile ingredients in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces. Shim-pack GIST C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2 μm) was adopted with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was set at 35 ℃. The quantitative analysis was performed using the electrospray ionization source and the multiple reaction monitoring. The linear relationship, resolution, repeatability and recovery of the 16 chemical components all met the requirements. The 16 non-volatile ingredients in traditional herbal pieces of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba could be tracked in formula granules. There were certain differences of the 16 chemical components among Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules of different manufacturers and traditional herbal pieces of different producing areas. The UPLC-MS/MS method was simple, rapid and accurate, and could be used for the quality control of non-volatile ingredients in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces.

Passive pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery: from bench to bedside / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#In left heart disease, pulmonary artery pressure would increase due to the elevated left atrial pressure. This type of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is belonged to type Ⅱ as a passive PH (pPH) in its classification. The essential cause of pPH is excessive blood volume. Recently, we have identified another type of pPH, which is induced by vasopressors. Vasopressor-induced pPH shares similar pathophysiological manifestations with left heart disease-induced pPH. pPH would, therefore, be aggressive if vasopressors were applied in patients with left heart disease, which may be common after cardiac surgery, because heart undergoing surgical trauma may require support of vasopressors. Unfortunately, pPH after cardiac surgery is often ignored because of the difficulty in diagnosis. To improve the understanding of pPH and its effect on outcomes, here we highlight the mechanisms of interaction between vasopressor-induced and left heart failure-induced pPH, and provide insights into its therapeutic options.

Comparison of eleven active components in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and leaves of Lonicero japonica by UPLC / 中国中药杂志

This present study aims to establish a UPLC method for simultaneously determining eleven components such as new chlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,artichoke,isochlorogenic acid A,isochlorogenic acid B,isochlorogenic acid C,rutin,hibisin and loganin in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and leaves of Lonicera japonica and comparing the differences in the contents of phenolic acids,flavonoids and iridoid glycosides of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and leaves of Lonicera japonica.The method was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) by a gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid.The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1.The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃.The sample room temperature was 8 ℃.The wavelength was set at 326 nm for new chlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,artichoke,isochlorogenic acid A,isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C,352 nm for rutin and lignin,and 238 nm for loganin.The injection volume was 1 μL.The eleven components has good resolution and was separated to baseline.Each component had a wide linear range and a good linear relationship(r≥0.999 6),the average recovery rate(n=9) was 98.96%,100.7%,97.24%,97.06%,99.53%,96.78%,98.12%,95.20%,95.12%,100.2%,98.61%and with RSD was 2.5%,1.4%,1.9%,2.1%,1.7%,1.9%,1.6%,2.0%,1.4%,2.2%,2.0%,respectively.Based on the results of the content determination,the chemometric methods such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to compare the Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and leaves of Lonicera japonica.The results showed that Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and leaves of Lonicera japonica were similar in the chemical constituents,but both showed chemical constituents difference compored to Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis.The established multi-component quantitative analysis method can provide a reference for the quality control of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and leaves of Lonicera japonica.

Wavelength switching of UPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of different medical parts of Lonicera japonica / 中草药

Objective: To study Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis, and Lonicerae Japonicae Leaves by UPLC method, and study the different parts of Lonicera japonica by the fingerprint similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and other chemical pattern recognition technologies, in order to provide scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. japonica. Methods: The method was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) by a gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, The column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample room temperature was 8 ℃. The detection wavelengths were 326, 238, and 250 nm, and the injection volume was 1 μL. Results: The UPLC fingerprint of 28 batches of samples from different parts of Lonicerae Japonicae were set up and 14 common peaks were obtained. They were new chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, loganin, rutinum, luteoloside, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C. There were some differences in chemical composition and quantity of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Lonicerae Japonicae leaves, and Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis. PCA and cluster analysis revealed the similarity and difference of 28 batches of samples from different parts of L. japonica. Conclusion: The combination of clustering analysis and principle component analysis could be used to confirm that the chemical constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae leaves were similar, but there was a difference between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis. The established fingerprint method can provide a reference for the quality control of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Lonicerae Japonicae leaves, and Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis.

Preparation of Zoledronate liposome and its impact on apoptosis of Kupffer cells in rat liver

Abstract Purpose: To establish a method for the preparation of zoledronate liposome and to observe its effect on inducing the apoptosis of rat liver Kupffer cells. Methods: Zoledronate was encapsulated in liposomes, and then the entrapment rate was detected on a spectrophotometer. The prepared Zoledronate liposome (0.01 mg/mL) was injected into the tail vein of SD rats. Three days later, the number of Kupffer cells (CD68 positive) in rat liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of the isolated liver Kupffer cell cultured in vitro. Results: The entrapment rate of Zoledronate was 43.4±7.8%. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of Kupffer cells was 19.3±2.1 in PBS group and 5.5±1.7 in Zoledronate liposome group, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of Kupffer cells was 4.1±0.8% in PBS group, while it was 9±2.2% and 23.3±5.9% in Zoledronate liposomes groups with different concentrations of Zoledronate liposome (P<0.05). Conclusions: Zoledronate liposomes can effectively induce the apoptosis of Kupffer cells in vivo and in vitro, and the apoptosis rate is related to the concentration of Zoledronate liposome. To establish a rat liver Kupffer cell apoptosis model can provide a new means for further study on Kupffer cell function.

Applicability Study on QAMS for Multi-component Content Determination of Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a QAMS method for content determination of six compositions (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C and loganin) from Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis; To verify the feasibility and applicability of this method in quality control of Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis. Methods Chlorogenic acid was set as internal reference substance. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution in gradient elution manner at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm for chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C and 236 nm for loganin. Results The relative correction factors of caffeic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C and loganin were established; there was no obvious difference between calculated value of QAMS and measured value of external standard method. Conclusion The quality control mode of QAMS can be used for multi-index synchronization quality evaluation of the six compositions from Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis.

Arthroscopic treatment of patellar dislocation with medial retinaculum tightening in adolescent / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of medial retinaculum tightening under the arthroscope for the adolescent pa -tella dislocation.Methods From January 2010 to July 2016,36 patients(38 knees)of adolescent patellar dislocations were treated by ar-throscope with the medial retinaculum tightening.The patient was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively,including the J-sign,apprehen-sion test,scores of International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire(IKDC),Lysholm and Kujala.Results During the followed-up at 3,6 and 12 months after the operation,IKDC scores were improved 35.34%,43.16%and 53.71%respectively compared to the preop-erative data(P<0.01).The Lysholm scores were improved 74.73%,89.89%and 110.9%(P<0.01).The Kujala scores were improved 78.37%,92.62%and 117.8%(P<0.01).All the scores showed a rising trend.There was no significant difference in the scores of pa-tients with acute patellar dislocation group and recurrent patellar dislocation group during the follow -up(P>0.05).The positive rate of J-sign test decreased by 52.63%and the apprehension test decreased by 57.89%(P<0.01)12 months after the operation.IKDC,Kujala and Ly-sholm scores increased obviously after the operation,and the knee joint activity level and overall satisfaction increased significantly.Conclu-sion Arthroscopic treatment with medial retinaculum tightening for adolescent patellar dislocation can result in positive effects,and it is easy to operate and grasp.

Mechanism of Mitochondria-mediated Pathway in the Platelet Apoptosis Resulted from Immune Bone Marrow Failure / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechamisms of mitochondria-mediated pathway in apoptosis of platelets resulted from in immune induced bone marrow failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 mice in each group): normal group, model group, cyclosporine A(CsA) group. Mouse model of immune bone marrow failure were established. After mouse model was successfully established, the mice in normal group and model group were given saline orally, the mice in CsA group was treated with CsA orally. Blood routine examination of mice in each group was performed by automatic blood cell analyzer; the mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm), cytochrome C(Cyt C), phosphatidylserine (PS), Cawere measured by flow cytometry; expression of BAX, BAK, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 was detected by using Western blot method, the changes of bone marrow platelet ultrastructure were observed under transmission electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with normal group, the platelet count of model group decreased significantly, while the level of ΔΨm, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 significantly decreased, the level of Cyt C, PS, Ca, BAX, BAK increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the platelet count of CsA group increased obviously, while the level of ΔΨm, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 of CsA group increased significantly, the level of Cyt C, PS, Ca, BAX, BAK of CsA group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that compared with the model group, platelet damage in CsA group were alleviated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>mitochondrial pathway plays an important role in the reduction of platelet resulted from immune bone marrow failure.</p>

miRNA-124 in immune system and immune disorders / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

In recent years, miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation. Here, we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases. They indicated that miR-124 exerts a crucial role in the development of immune system, regulation of immune responses, and inflammatory disorders. It is evident that miR-124 may serve as an informative diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the future.

Nicotine protects against ulcerative colitis through regulating microRNA-124 and STAT3 / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Although it is generally believed that nicotine accounts for the beneficial effect of smoking on ulcerative colitis, the underlying mechanisms remain not well- understood. Our previous finding that nicotine inhibits inflammatory responses through inducing miRNA-124 prompted us to ask whether the miRNA is involved in the protective action of nicotine on UC. METHODS MiR-124 expression in colon tissues and cells was determined by q-PCR and in situ hybridization. The effect of miR-124 on protective role of nicotine in ulcerative colitis was evaluated in DSS-treated mice and IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells. Expression of p-STAT3/STAT3 was detected by immuno?histochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS miR- 124 expression is upregulated in colon tissues from patients and DSS- induced colitis. Nicotine treatment further elevated miR- 124 level in colon tissues of the mice, in infiltrated lymphocytes and epithelial cells, and augmented miR- 124 expression in lymphocytes isolated from human ulcerative colon tissues. Administration of nicotine also reduced weight loss, improved DAI and decreased HE score in DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, knock?down of miR-124 in vivo significantly diminished the beneficial effect of nicotine, and in vitro on IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells. Further analysis indicated that nicotine inhibited STAT3 activation in vivo and in IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells and Jurkat human T lymphocytes, in which miR-124 knockdown led to increased activation of STAT3. CONCLUSION These data indicated that nicotine exerts its protective action in UC through inducing miR-124 and its effect on STAT3, suggesting that the miR-124/STAT3 system is a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of UC.

Principal component determination and analysis of urine organic acid metabolism spectrum of two diseases / 基础医学与临床

Objective Analysis of 22 kinds of organic acid metabolites in urine samples of patients with myasthenia gravis, mitochondrial myopathy and of healthy controls was performed so to provide data and basis for clinical screening .Methods The principal component and the corresponding principal component equation were obtained , the physical and chemical significance of the principal component was explained .Results The cumulative contri-bution rate of the first five principal components reached 86.89%, was identified as the main component , then es-tablished the principal component function expression , and analyzed the relationship between the principal compo-nent and the original variable .It was found that the phenyl saturated acid might be a potential biomarker of the two diseases , and the hippuric acid was an early warning bio-marker of the two diseases .Conclusions Urine organic acid metabolic profile principal component analysis is helpful to find biomarker of disease and may support clinical diagnosis basis .

An overview of effects of traditional medicine on pharmacokinetics of western medicine / 药学学报

Traditional medicine (herb medicine) began to prevail again over last two decades, and it is about 70% of the world population taking herb medicine as supplement or alternative medicine according to a recent survey. The consumption of herb medicine increased exponentially in Canada, Australia and Europe during last 10 years. Since concomitant administration of herbal and western medicine has become a trend, it requires paying close attention to the problem. Herb-drug interactions have been extensively investigated worldwide, and there is an increasing concern about the clinical herb-drug interaction. In this review we introduced the current progress in the herb-drug interactions including evidence-based clinical studies and establishment of levels of evidence for herb-drug interaction; and in the related mechanisms including the induction and inhibition of metabolic enzymes, inhibition and induction of transport and efflux proteins, alteration of gastrointestinal functions, and alteration in renal elimination. We also analyzed both the achievements and the challenges faced in the concomitant administration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine.

Determination of doxazosin enantiomers in rat plasma and investigation of their chiral inversion / 药学学报

The study is to establish an HPLC method using fluorescence detector for the determination of doxazosin enantiomers and investigate their chiral inversion in vitro and in vivo. Ultron ES-OVM was taken as the chiral chromatographic column, and the column temperature was 30 degrees C. Isocratic elution using a mobile phase of phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (85 : 15, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1) was done. The fluorescence detection was set at lambda(Ex) = 255 nm and lambda(Em) = 385 nm. Prazosin was used as the internal standard. (-) Doxazosin or (+) doxazosin added into rat plasma in vitro was determined after incubating in 37 degrees C water bath for 2, 5 and 10 days. (-) Doxazosin or (+) doxazosin was administered orally to the rats for one months. Plasma samples were taken at 8 h after the last administration. A good linear relationship was achieved when the concentration of doxazosin enantiomers was within the range of 4 - 2 000 ng x mL(-1). The average recovery for (-) doxazosin was 99.5% with RSD 3.6%, and for (+) doxazosin was 99.3% with RSD 4.3%. Chiral inversion was observed neither in vitro nor in vivo studies. The method is selective, accurate and reproducible, which is suitable for the detection of doxazosin enantiomers in rat plasma. The in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that chiral inversion occurs uneasily between (-) doxazosin and (+) doxazosin in the rat.

Study on the interrelationship between time domain analysis of heart rate variab ility and chronic renal failure / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To assess the autonomic nervous impairm ent in chronic renal failure and its related factors. Methods: F orty adults were randomly selected including in-patients in the nephrology ward and healthy subjects for routine medical examination. The subjects were classifi ed into 4 groups: normal subjects(NS)，normal renal function，nitremia， uremic patients. The time domain measurements of heart rate variability(HRV) and ambula tory blood pressure were analyzed simultaneously . Results: (1) There were significant differences as compared with normal subjects in the time domain measurements of HRV in uremic group. It decreased significantly when the patient was defined as end stage chronic renal failure. There were no significan t differences between NS，normal renal function group and nitremic group. (2) Ti me domain measurements of HRV was significantly lower(P<0.05) in uremia with renal hypertension than in uremia with normal blood pressure. Conclusio n: (1) Patients with chronic renal failure(HRV) have their cardiac auton omic nervous system impaired conspicuously in the course of uremia. (2) There is a positive correlation between cardiac autonomic nervous system impairment in p atients with CRF and renal function levels. Uremia itself is an independent fact or for the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system. (3) Renal hypertensio n with uremia may intensify the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system of the patients.

Study on the interrelationship between time domain analysis of heart rate variab ility and chronic renal failure / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To assess the autonomic nervous impairm ent in chronic renal failure and its related factors. Methods: F orty adults were randomly selected including in-patients in the nephrology ward and healthy subjects for routine medical examination. The subjects were classifi ed into 4 groups: normal subjects(NS)，normal renal function，nitremia， uremic patients. The time domain measurements of heart rate variability(HRV) and ambula tory blood pressure were analyzed simultaneously . Results: (1) There were significant differences as compared with normal subjects in the time domain measurements of HRV in uremic group. It decreased significantly when the patient was defined as end stage chronic renal failure. There were no significan t differences between NS，normal renal function group and nitremic group. (2) Ti me domain measurements of HRV was significantly lower(P<0.05) in uremia with renal hypertension than in uremia with normal blood pressure. Conclusio n: (1) Patients with chronic renal failure(HRV) have their cardiac auton omic nervous system impaired conspicuously in the course of uremia. (2) There is a positive correlation between cardiac autonomic nervous system impairment in p atients with CRF and renal function levels. Uremia itself is an independent fact or for the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system. (3) Renal hypertensio n with uremia may intensify the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system of the patients.