Expression,purification and identification of fully human monomolecular antibody against Clostridium perfringens type A α-toxin / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To express,purify and identify human monomolecular antibody against Clostridium perfringens type A α-toxin,in order to lay a foundation for the prevention and treatment of various diseases caused by this toxin.Methods The fully human single-chain fragment variable(ScFv) gene against Clostridium perfringens type A was linked with the constant region of light chain and heavy chain of human antibody in different combinations to construct multiple monomolecular antibody expression plasmids against Clostridium perfringens α-toxin,which were expressed in competent E.coLi BL21(DE3).Indirect ELISA was used to detect the immunobinding activity of the monomolecular antibodies,and the monomolecular antibody with the highest immunobinding activity was purified by SepharoSe 4 FF and rProtein-A FF affinity chromatography,The purified products were analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE.Indirect ELISA was used to detect the immune binding activity of each monomolecular antibody.Results Five recombinant plasmids,PTS-ScFv-CL-CH_2-CH_3,PTS-ScFv-CH_2-CH_3,PTS-ScFv-CL-CH_2,PTS-ScFvCH_2,and PTS-ScFv-CL,were constructed.After transfection into E.coli BL21(DE3) and purification,the corresponding monomolecular antibodies,ScFv-CL-CH_2-CH_3,ScFv-CH_2-CH_3,ScFv-CL-CH_2,ScFv-CH_2,and ScFv-CL,were obtained,which had the relative molecular mass of about 60 000,and the concentrations of about 1 mg/mL.Among them,ScFv-CH_2-CH_3showed the highest immune binding activity,and the A_(450) value reached 3.9,much higher than the other four monomolecular antibodies,with the concentration of about 1 mg/mL and the purity about 86%.Conclusion A fully human monomolecular antibody ScFv-CH_2-CH_3 with high affinity,low immunogenicity and internalization activity was obtained,which lays a foundation for the further study of therapeutic antibody against CPA.

Advances in epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia / 中华预防医学杂志

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and one of the most commonly infectious diseases. Its epidemiological characteristics vary with host and immune status, and corresponding pathogen spectrums migrate over time and space distribution. Meanwhile, with the outbreak of COVID-19, some unconventional treatment strategies are on the rise. This article reviewed the epidemiological characteristics, pathogen spectrum and treatment direction of CAP in China over the years, and aimed to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of CAP in clinical practice.

Pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis based on label-free mass proteomics / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore pathogenesis of glucocortocoid-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) based on label-free mass proteomics.@*METHODS@#Twevle female Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, named as sham group and GIOP group. After one-week adaptive feeding, the rats of GIOP group were administered with dexamethasone via intramuscular injection according to 2.5 mg/kg weighting, while the rats of sham group were administered with the same amount of saline, twice a week. The tibias of each group were collected after 8-week modeling and made pathological sections to confirm the success of modeling. Three samples of each group were picked up to perform label-free mass proteomics. After quality control, differentially expressed proteins were identified according to qualitative and quantitative analyses. Then gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, cluster analysis as well as protein-protein interaction analysis were performed using bioinformatics analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with sham group, the structure of bone trabecular in GIOP group showed abnormal arrangement, uneven distribution and obvious fragmentation, which could demonstrate successful modeling. A total of 47 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified including 20 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated proteins. The expression of protein nucleophosmin 1(NPM1), adipocyte plasma membrane associated protein (APMAP), cytochromec oxidase subunit 6A1 (COX6A1) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (ACP5) showed a significant difference between two groups. KEGG results showed DEPs were enriched on metabolism-related pathways, immune-related pathways and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#Protein NPM1, APMAP, COX6A1 and ACP5 showed a close relationship with pathogenesis of GIOP, which could serve as potential biomarkers of GIOP. AMPK signaling pathway played an important role in the occurrence and development of GIOP, which could be regarded as potential signaling pathway to treatment GIOP.

Multicenter real world study on the efficacy and safety of eribulin for the treatment of advanced breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of real-world eribulin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Methods: From December 2019 to December 2020, patients with advanced breast cancer were selected from Beijing Chaoyang District Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, and Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) of 77 patients was 5 months, the objective response rate (ORR) was 33.8%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 71.4%. The ORR of patients with triple-negative breast cancer was 23.1%, and the DCR was 57.7%; the ORR of patients with Luminal breast cancer was 40.0%, and the DCR was 77.8%; the ORR of patients with HER-2 overexpression breast cancer was 33.3%, and the DCR was 83.3%. ORR of 50.0% and DCR of 66.7% for patients treated with eribulin as first to second line treatment, ORR of 29.4% and DCR of 76.5% for patients treated with third to fourth line and ORR of 28.6% and DCR of 71.4% for patients treated with five to eleven line. The ORR of patients in the eribulin monotherapy group was 40.0% and the DCR was 66.0%; the ORR of patients in the combination chemotherapy or targeted therapy group was 22.2% and the DCR was 81.5%. Patients with a history of treatment with paclitaxel, docetaxel, or albumin paclitaxel during the adjuvant phase or after recurrent metastasis had an ORR of 32.9% and a DCR of 69.9% when treated with eribulin. The treatment efficacy is an independent prognostic factor affecting patient survival (P<0.001). The main adverse reactions in the whole group of patients were Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neutrophil decline [29.9% (23/77)], and other adverse reactions were Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ fatigue [5.2% (4/77)], Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ peripheral nerve abnormality [2.6% (2/77)] and Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ alopecia [2.6% (2/77)]. Conclusions: Eribulin still has good antitumor activity against various molecular subtypes of breast cancer and advanced breast cancer that has failed multiple lines of chemotherapy, and the adverse effects can be controlled, so it has a good clinical application value.

Analysis of factors influencing high frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry / 中国职业医学

@#Objective （ ） To explore the feasibility of using generalized estimating equation GEE to analyze the influencing - （ ） factors of high frequency hearing loss HFHL among noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing enterprise. Methods - The noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry who had been tested for pure tone hearing threshold twice or more from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Data ， ， ， ， ， （ ） such as age length of service gender smoking alcohol consumption body mass index BMI and HFHL were collected. The Results influencing factors of HFHL were analyzed using the GEE. The detection rates of HFHL from 2015 to 2019 were ， ， ， ， ， 22.2% 23.8% 24.2% 24.1% and 20.9% respectively. Among them the detection rate of HFHL in 2019 was lower than that （ P ） ， ， in 2017 and 2018 all <0.001 . The GEE analysis results showed that the risks of HFHL in 2015 2016 2017 and 2018 were （ P ）， higher than that in 2019 all <0.01 regardless of interaction effects and after adjusting for confounding factors such as ， ［OR（ CI）］ （ - duration of noise exposure smoking and BMI. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 95% were 1.19 1.07 ）， （ - ）， （ - ） （ - ）， 1.33 1.26 1.13 1.39 1.30 1.18 1.43 and 1.27 1.15 1.39 respectively. The risk of HFHL was higher in males than in （P ）， OR（ CI） （ - ） ， （P ）， OR females <0.01 and 95% was 3.78 3.00 4.77 . The older the age the higher the risk of HFHL <0.01 and （ CI） （ - ） Conclusion - 95% was 1.07 1.05 1.09 . The influencing factors of HFHL among noise exposed workers in the air conditioner industry are age and gender. GEE can be used to analyze the factors influencing the longitudinal data of HFHL in workers with noise exposure.

Therapeutic Effect of Huangqi Chifengtang on Cerebral Infarction Rat Model and Its Effect on Expression of ZO-1， Claudin-5， P-gp and MRP1 Protein in Brain Tissue / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Huangqi Chifengtang on middle cerebral artery embolism（MCAO） rat model. MethodThe 90 SPF male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， high， medium and low dose groups of Huangqi Chifengtang （8.10，4.05，2.025 g·kg-1） and positive drug group （Naoxintong 0.32 g·kg-1）. MCAO rat model was established and intervened with Huangqi Chifengtang， and the neurological scores of each group were scored. The area of cerebral infarction was calculated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA），The contents of matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9）， vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR2）， the pathological changes of brain tissue in each group were observed by hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining. Western blot was used to detect zonule atresia protein-1（ZO-1）， tight junction protein-5（Claudin-5） and P-glycoprotein （P-gp） and multidrug resistance protein 1（MRP1）. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the neurological function score and cerebral infarction rate of the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the levels of IL-6， IL-1β and MMP-9 in serum were significantly increased（P<0.01）， the levels of ZO-1 and Claudin-5 protein expression decreased significantly（P<0.01）， and the levels of P-gp and MRP1 protein expression increased significantly（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the neurological function score of rats in each administration group decreased significantly at 14 days （P<0.05，P<0.01）， the pathological changes of brain tissue effectively improved， the rate of cerebral infarction significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and the expression level of IL-6， IL-1β and MMP-9 in serum decreased significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）， the content of VEGFR2 increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the content of VEGF increased significantly in high， medium dose and positive drug groups （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Although it decreased in low dose group， there was no significant difference. The levels of ZO-1 and Claudin-5 protein expression in brain tissue of high dose group and positive drug group increased significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）， the level of MRP1 and P-gp protein expression decreased significantly （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuangqi Chifengtang can play a therapeutic role in rats with cerebral infarction by improving the pathological changes of brain tissue， reducing inflammatory reaction， promote angiogenesis and regulating the function of blood-brain barrier（BBB）.

Sequential Treatment with Syndrome Differentiation on Children's Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome with Yiqi Huayu Qingre Prescription / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of sequential syndrome differentiation of Yiqi Huayu Qingre prescription （YHQ） in the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome in children. MethodA total of 112 children with refractory nephrotic syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group （57 cases） and a control group（55 cases）. The children in the control group were treated with prednisone tablets combined with tacrolimus，and those in the observation group were treated with YHQ by sequential syndrome differentiation on the basis of the control group. The total effective rates of the two groups after treatment were observed. The 24-hour urinary total protein（24 h UTP），plasma albumin（ALB），cholesterol（CHO），triglycerides（TG）， and traditional Chinese medicine quality of life scale scores before treatment and after four weeks，eight weeks，16 weeks，24 weeks，32 weeks，40 weeks，and 52 weeks in the two groups were recorded. The total course of treatment and the total accumulation of hormones were compared among the children with reduced or no hormone treatment till 52 weeks during treatment. ResultThe total effective rate in the observation group was higher （Z=-2.052，P<0.05）. The observation group had lower 24 h UTP and higher ALB at each follow-up time point than the control group（P<0.05，P<0.01）. At four weeks，eight weeks，and 16 weeks of treatment，there was no statistically significant difference in CHO between the observation group and the control group，and the observation group was lower than the control group in CHO at the rest of the time points （P<0.05，P<0.01）. For TG， the observation group was not significantly different from the control group at four weeks，eight weeks，16 weeks，and 40 weeks of treatment，but lower at 24，32，and 52 weeks （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The total treatment course of hormones in the observation group was shorter（P<0.01）， with less total accumulation（P<0.01）. At different follow-up time points，the total score of traditional Chinese medicine quality of life scale in the observation group was superior to that in the control group（P<0.05，P<0.01），and the scores of the observation group in the four dimensions （physiological function，independent factor，social factor，and psychological factor） after treatment were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionYHQ under sequential syndrome differentiation has a definite clinical effect in treating children with refractory nephrotic syndrome. It has advantages in shortening the total course of hormone treatment and reducing the total accumulation of hormones，and can improve the quality of life of children with refractory nephrotic syndrome.

Mechanism of Didangtang Against Inflammatory Cascade Triggered by Foam Cell Pyroptosis in High-glucose Environment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Didangtang （DDT） against the inflammatory cascade triggered by foam cell pyroptosis in high-glucose environment. MethodOxidized low density lipoprotein （ox-LDL， 100 mg·L-1） was used to induce pyroptosis of foam cells. The control group （5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose）， foam cell group （100 mg·L-1 ox-LDL）， high-glucose group （33.3 mmol·L-1 glucose）， DDT group （10% DDT-containing serum）， and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inhibitor group （MCC950， 10 nmmol·L-1） were designed. The cell membrane damage was observed by lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release assay. The expression of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1） was detected by immunofluorescence method， and expression of key proteins NLRP3， Caspase-1， gastermin D （GSDMD）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in the pyroptosis pathway was determined by Western blot. The release of IL-18 and IL-1β， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in cell supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultThe expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD was up-regulated （P<0.01） and the release of IL-1β， IL-18， MCP-1， IL-1α， and TNF-α was increased （P<0.01） in foam cell group compared with those in the control group. The expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD was higher （P<0.01） and the release of inflammatory factors was more （P<0.01） in the high-glucose group than in the foam cell group. DDT and MCC950 can inhibit expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD and reduce the release of IL-1β， IL-18， MCP-1， IL-1α， and TNF-α. ConclusionDDT can suppress the pyroptosis of foam cells induced by NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway in high-glucose environment and thereby alleviate the inflammatory cascade.

Association of C-reactive Protein with Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the Japanese Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Traditional epidemiological studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, whether this association is causal remains unclear. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to explore the causal relationship of CRP with cardiovascular outcomes including ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia and congestive heart failure.@*METHODS@#We performed two-sample MR by using summary-level data obtained from Japanese Encyclopedia of Genetic association by Riken (JENGER), and we selected four single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CRP level as instrumental variables. MR estimates were calculated with the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), penalized weighted median and weighted median. MR-Egger regression was used to explore pleiotropy.@*RESULTS@#No significant causal association of genetically determined CRP level with ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation or arrhythmia was found with all four MR methods (all Ps > 0.05). The IVW method indicated suggestive evidence of a causal association between CRP and congestive heart failure ( OR: 1.337, 95% CI: 1.005-1.780, P = 0.046), whereas the other three methods did not. No clear pleiotropy or heterogeneity were observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Suggestive evidence was found only in analysis of congestive heart failure; therefore, further studies are necessary. Furthermore, no causal association was found between CRP and the other three cardiovascular outcomes.

Establishment and Application of Visual LAMP Methods for QuickDetection of Vibrio Splendidus in Aquatic Products and Water / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

A visualized, rapid, simple method was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect Vibrio splendidus in aquatic products and aquaculture waters. TakingVibrio splendidus as the research object, and the toxR gene of Vibrio splendidus as the target gene, the boiling method was determined as a fast method suitable for the genomic DNA extraction of Vibriosplendidus. The optimized and screened primers could specifically detect Vibrio splendidus, and the sensitivity of nucleic acid concentration detection could reach 10

Mechanism of Didangtang in Inhibiting Aortic NLRP3 Inflammasome Cascade of Mice with Diabetic Macrovascular Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the progression of diabetic macrovascular disease and the effects of Didangtang at different doses on it. Method:Four-week-old male apolipoprotein-E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice with diabetic macrovascular disease induced by exposure to high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin （STZ） were randomly divided into the model， simvastatin， as well as high-， medium-， and low-dose Didangtang groups. The age-matched ApoE^-/- mice of the same batch only fed with a high-fat diet were classified into the ApoE^-/- （model control） group， and C57BL/6 mice with the same genetic background receiving a regular diet into the normal group. The sampling was conducted at the 8th and 20th weeks of the experiment for observing the pathological characteristics of the aorta and the proportion of plaque area in mice of each group at different time points， followed by the comparison of blood glucose， blood lipid， and oxidized low-density lipoprotein （ox-LDL） levels. The aortic NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1） protein expression was detected by Western blot assay， and the serum interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-1<italic>α</italic> （IL-1<italic>α</italic>）， and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Result:The comparison with the normal group revealed that the proportions of plaque area in the ApoE^-/- group and the model group were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the proportion of plaque area in each administration group was significantly reduced in contrast to that of the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The aortic NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expression levels as well as the serum IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-18， IL-1<italic>α</italic>， and TNF-<italic>α </italic>levels in the ApoE^-/- group and the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， each administration group exhibited a significant reduction in aortic NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expression and serum IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-18， IL-1<italic>α</italic>， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， with the strongest inhibitory effect detected in the medium-dose Didangtang group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Didangtang directly alleviates diabetic macrovascular disease possibly by down-regulating NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expression and easing the inflammatory cascade.

Network Meta-analysis of 14 oral Chinese patent medicines combined with Azithromycin in treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of 14 oral Chinese patent medicines combined with Azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children with network Meta-analysis. Computer retrieval was performed for such databases as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library to screen out randomized controlled trials of oral Chinese patent medicines combined with Azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children from the time of database establishment to September 2020. The included studies were evaluated by the Cochrane Risk Assessment tool. Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software were used for data statistical analysis. A total of 60 RCTs were included in this study, involving 14 oral Chinese patent medicines. The efficacy ranking based on network Meta-analysis was as follows:(1)in terms of total effective rate, top five Chinese patent medicines in surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) were Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid, Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre Granules, Xiao'er Feike Granules, Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid and Lanqin Oral Liquid;(2)in terms of antifebrile time, top five Chinese patent medicines in SUCRA were Huaiqihuang Granules, Xiao'er Magan Granules, Xiao'er Kechuanling Granules/Oral Liquid, Shuanghuang-lian Oral Liquid for children and Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid;(3)in terms of cough disappearance time, top five Chinese patent medicines in SUCRA were Xiao'er Magan Granules, Huaiqihuang Granules, Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre Granules, Xiao'er Feire Kechuan Oral Liquid and Xiao'er Kechuanling Granules/Oral Liquid;(4)in terms of rale disappearance time, top five Chinese patent medicines in SUCRA were Xiao'er Magan Granules, Huaiqihuang Granules, Xiao'er Feire Kechuan Oral Liquid, Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid for children and Yupingfeng Granules. The results showed that on the basis of the use of Azithromycin, combined administration with oral Chinese patent medicines could improve the overall clinical efficacy in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. However, due to the large differences in the quality and the number of included studies among various therapeutic measures, the ranking results of SUCRA of Chinese patent medicines need to be verified by high-quality multi-center, large-sample, randomized double-blind trials in the future.

Target gene panel method versus whole-exome sequencing in detection of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in males / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To compare the efficiency of the target gene panel method and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in detecting idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), and select a more suitable gene detection method.@*METHODS@#We selected 24 genes closely related to the molecular pathogenesis of IHH to make up the gene panel, detected the mutation sites in 73 patients with IHH using the panel method, and verified the results of sequencing with the Sanger method. Using the key words "idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism", we searched databases for relevant literature, calculated the positive rate of IHH detected by WES and compared it with that detected with the panel method.@*RESULTS@#Of the 73 cases of IHH detected with the panel method, 7 were found with pathogenic mutations, including 2 cases of FGFR1, 2 cases of CHD7, 2 cases of KISS1R, and 1 case of NR5A1 mutation. Sanger sequencing showed that the positive rate of the panel method was 9.7%. Of the 1 336 articles retrieved, 5 met the inclusion criteria and were included, in which WES revealed a positive rate of about 30%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#For detection of the diseases with clear mutated genes, the panel method is relatively inexpensive and has a high sequencing depth, while for detection of the diseases with complicated genetic patterns and unclear mutated genes, WES is more efficient. Further studies are needed for choice of the two methods for different purpose of detection./.

Skeletal muscle content of Han adults working in Tibet by bioelectrical impedance method / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the characteristics and differences of the distribution of skeletal muscle content between the Han adult population in Tibet and Liaoning Han adult population. Methods Randomly selected healthy adults of Han worked in Tibet and Liaoning Han nationality as the research object, a total of 223 Han adults worked in Tibet ( 95 males, 128 females); 302 adults of Han nationality in Liaoning (126 males, 176 females) were selected by body composition analyzer. The body weight, total muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, left upper limb muscle mass, right upper limb muscle mass, left lower limb muscle mass, and right lower limb muscle mass of the subject were measured. All the result were input into SPSS 22. 0 statistical analysis, and related statistical processing such as independent sample t test was applied. Results The body weight, trunk muscle mass, left upper limb muscle mass, right upper limb muscle mass, left lower limb muscle mass, and lower right muscle mass of the Tibetan Han population were lower than those of the Han adults in Liaoning, and the comparison result was significantly different (P<0.01 or P<0.05), the Han adults in Liaoning and the Tibetan Han population, male muscle mass was greater than the female adults (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion After the Han people in Liaoning entered the Tibetan Plateau, the muscle mass of each part of the body decrease significantly. The change of human body composition can be affected by various factors such as gender and high altitude hypoxia environment.

Construction of SNP-STR Multiplex Amplification System with Genetic Markers and Its Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

Objective To select and develop a SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers compatible with current STR databases. To understand its genetic polymorphisms in Sichuan Han population and its application value in DNA mixture analysis. Methods Based on the STR genetic markers in commercial kits, SNPs adjacent to these STR markers were selected to be SNP-STR genetic markers. A SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers based on allele-specific amplification was constructed using allele-specific amplification primers. The genetic polymorphism of the system in the Sichuan Han population was investigated and the efficiency of systems with different numbers of loci to detect the two individual DNA mixture samples was evaluated. Results An allele-specific multiplex amplification system constituted of 13 SNP-STR genetic markers was selected and constructed. In Sichuan Han population, the heterozygosity of each locus ranged from 0.76 to 0.88, and the combined discrimination power reached 0.999 999 999 999 999 968. In the analysis of the two individual DNA mixture samples： for single-locus amplification, the genotype of the minor components can still be detected when the mixture ratio reaches 1 000∶1; for multiple loci multiplex amplification, the maximum mixture ratio can reach 500∶1. As the number of loci in the system increased, the detection efficiency of the minor components in the DNA mixture decreased. Conclusion SNP-STR genetic markers have a higher polymorphism than STR. The multiplex amplification system made of SNP-STR genetic markers has a better analysis efficiency for mixed samples than traditional STR multiplex amplification system.

Early intervention with Di-Dang Decoction prevents macrovascular fibrosis in diabetic rats by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway / 中国天然药物

Macroangiopathy is a complication of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which is mainly caused by fibrosis of blood vessels. Using T2DM rat models, we investigated whether the traditional Chinese medicine, Di-Dang Decoction (DDD), exhibited anti-fibrotic actions on great vessels. T2DM rats were randomly divided into non-intervention group, early-, middle-, late-stage DDD intervention groups and control groups, including pioglitazone group and aminoguanidine group. After administration of DDD to T2DM rats at different times, we detected the amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the thoracic aorta. The results showed that early-stage intervention with DDD could effectively protect great vessels from ECM deposition. Considering that TGF-β1 is the master regulator of fibrosis, we further validated at the molecular level that, compared to middle- and late-stage intervention with DDD, early-stage intervention with DDD could significantly decrease the expression levels of factors related to the activated TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway, as well as the expression levels of downstream effectors including CTGF, MMP and TIMP family proteins, which were directly involved in ECM remodelling. Therefore, early-stage intervention with DDD can reduce macrovascular fibrosis and prevent diabetic macroangiopathy.

Increased early activation of CD56dimCD16dim/- natural killer cells in immunological non-responders correlates with CD4+ T-cell recovery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, but knowledge on whether and how NK cells affect immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected individuals who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is limited.@*METHODS@#We performed a case-control study with 35 healthy individuals and 66 HIV-1-infected patients including 32 immunological non-responders (INRs) with poor CD4+ T-cell recovery (500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART). NK cell phenotype, receptor repertoire, and early activation in INRs and IRs were investigated by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#A significantly higher proportion of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells was observed in INRs than IRs before ART and after 4 years of ART. The number of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells was inversely correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts in INRs before ART (r = -0.344, P = 0.050). The more CD69-expressing NK cells there were, the lower the CD4+ T-cell counts and ΔCD4, and these correlations were observed in INRs after ART (r = -0.416, P = 0.019; r = -0.509, P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, CD69-expressing CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells were more abundant in INRs than those in IRs (P  = 0.018) after ART, both of which had an inverse association trend towards significance with CD4+ T-cell counts. The expression of the activating receptors NKG2C, NKG2D, and NKp46 on CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subsets were higher in IRs than that in INRs after 4 years of ART (all P < 0.01). Strong inverse correlations were observed between CD69 expression and NKG2C, NKG2A-NKG2C+, NKG2D, and NKp46 expression on CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells in INRs after ART (NKG2C: r = -0.491, P = 0.004; NKG2A-NKG2C+: r = -0.434, P = 0.013; NKG2D: r = -0.405, P = 0.021; NKp46: r = -0.457, P = 0.008, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#INRs had a larger number of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells characterized by higher activation levels than did IRs after ART. The increase in the CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subset may play an adverse role in immune reconstitution. Further functional studies of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells in INRs are urgently needed to inform targeted interventions to optimize immune recovery.

Application and Research Progress of UPLC in Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Compound / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) is a new liquid chromatography technology,which developed on the basis of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).It has the characteristics of super high efficiency,high separation degree and high sensitivity,and has been widely used in the analysis of components in traditional Chinese medicine,the studies on metabolomics,establishment of fingerprint chromatogram,determination of unknown compounds combined with mass spectrometry and other detectors,etc.In this paper,the authors reviewed the application of UPLC in the field of traditional Chinese medicine through a review of the literature in the past 5 years,and summed up its relative advantages and development prospects,in order to provide scientific guidance and basis for pharmaceutical workers to make better use of UPLC technology.

A new lignan from Amauroderma rude / 中草药

Objective: Study on the chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate phase extracted from the fruiting bodies of Amauroderma rude. Methods: Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel and liquid chromatography were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents in fruiting bodies of Amauroderma rude. The compounds were identified according to their physical and chemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results: Three compounds including one new lignan and two known sterols were isolated from the ethyl acetate phase of this fungus. Their structures were identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenacyl acetyl ketone (1), (22E, 24R)-3β,5α-dihydrox-yerogosta-7,22-diene-6-one (2), and (22E,24R)-ergosta-6,9,22-trien-3β,5α,8α-triol (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 was a new lignan and named amaurolignan B.

Therapeutic effect of Xinmailong injection on advanced aged patients with acute myocardial infarction heart failure／ / 心血管康复医学杂志

To explore influence of Xinmailong injection on cardiac function and vascular endothelial func‐tion in advanced aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) heart failure (HF).Methods : A total of 122 advanced aged AMI‐HF patients treated in our hospital from Mar 2015 to Jul 2017 were selected ,randomly and e‐qually divided into routine treatment group (received routine anti‐HF medication ) and Xinmailong group (received Xinmailong injection based on routine treatment group ) ,both groups were treated for 10d and then followed up for six months .LVEF ,wall motion score index (WMSI) ,serum levels of BNP , hsCRP , cTnI ,nitric oxide (NO) ,en‐dothelin (ET)‐1 and inner diameter of brachial artery were observed and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results : Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF [routine treatment group : (35.42 ± 5.11)% vs. (44.62 ± 5.88)%;Xinmailong group : (36. 13 ± 5.64)% vs. (49.75 ± 6. 18)%] and serum NO level [routine treatmentgroup : (108. 35 ± 21.67) μmol／L vs. (129.68 ± 25. 83 ) μmol／L ; Xinmailong group : (110.26 ± 22.71) μmol／L vs. (156.82 ± 24. 19) μmol／L] ,and significant reductions in WMSI [routine treatment group : (2.49 ± 0.51) score vs. (1.45 ± 0.34) score ; Xinmailong group : (2.51 ± 0.42) score vs. (1. 12 ± 0.27) score] ,NYHA class (routine treatment group :3.19 ± 0. 44 vs. 2.65 ± 0.36 ;Xinmailong group :3. 21 ± 0.42 vs. 2.11 ± 0.28) ,serum levels of BNP [routine treatment group : (986. 72 ± 245.63 ) pg／ml vs. (764.42 ± 217.33) pg／ml ; Xinmailong group : (989.99 ± 243. 54 ) pg／ml vs. (607. 82 ± 198. 65 ) pg／ml ] , hsCRP [routine treatment group : (24.31 ± 3.82) mg／L vs. (14.52 ± 1. 69 ) mg／L ; Xinmailong group :(24.93 ± 3.74) mg／L vs. (7. 81 ± 0. 96) mg／L] ,cTnI [routine treatment group :(5.29 ± 0.43) μg／L vs. (3.01 ± 0. 27) μg／L ;Xinmailong group :(5.37 ± 0.64) μg／L vs. (1.42 ± 0.33) μg／L ] and ET‐1 [routine treatment group :(95. 67 ± 16. 32) ng／L vs. (76. 34 ± 17.82) ng／L ;Xinmailong group :(96.13 ± 17.21) ng／L vs. (57.29 ± 14. 63) ng／L] in two groups ;and LVEF and serum NO level of Xinmailong group were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , WMSI ,NYHA class ,serum levels of BNP ,hsCRP ,cTnI and ET‐1 of Xinmailong group were significantly lower than those of routine treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in reactive hyperemia brachial diameter (Dhyperemia ) , fore brachial artery endothelium dependent diastolic‐systolic function (FMD) in Xinmailong group after treatment , and they were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01 .Conclusion : Xinmailong injection can significantly improve cardiac function and vascular endothelial function in AMI‐HF patients ,which is worth extending .