Comparative study on the effect of antibiotics and non antibiotics therapy [phytotherapy] on some bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection

Phytotherapy is an alternative for antibiotics therapy in these days since resistance to many antibiotics used in treatment are increasing along with high cost of some antibiotics and side effect on patients. Punica granatum and Vaccinium macrocarpon have antimicrobial properties. this paper suggest that P. granatum and Vaccinium macrocarpon may be more effective than some antibiotics used in the treatment of some Gram negative urinary tract pathogens. Punica granatum juice, cranberry juice and antibiotics were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity by using well diffusion method. A total of four different urinary tract causing pathogens collected from patients with urinary tract infection [UTI]. The result indicate that extract obtained from Punica granatum pericarp exhibited antimicrobial activity against all organisms almost similar to the effect of cranberry which is not grown in Iraq and that Punica granatum and Vaccinium macrocarpon are more effective than some antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infection. The antibacterial activity of crude extract of P. granatum against urinary tract causing organisms is reported for the first time and it showed similarity with the effect of cranberry juice that are not found or imported to the local market. Further phytochemical elucidations are required to determine the nature of compound[s] responsible for the antibacterial effects. This study is generally considered an effective approach in the discovery of new antibacterial agents from P. granatum

Intubating conditions 60 seconds after giving muscle relaxant for rapid sequence induction comparison between succinylcholine and rocuronium

To compare efficacy of succinylcholine with rocuronium for rapid sequence induction. Randomized control trial. The study was done in Anaesthesia department, Combined Military Hospital Kharian from 17th march 2007 to 16th march 2008 a total of 100 cases of elective surgery for haemorrhoids were taken and patients were randomly assigned in two equal groups using random number table. American Society of Anesthesiologist [ASA] status was assessed. Informed consent and approval of ethical committee was obtained. Patients were divided into group A and B. In both groups there were 25 males and 25 females of 20-40 years. In group A, patients were preoxygenated for 3 min then propofol was given followed by succinylcholine. After 60 seconds of giving muscle relaxant intubating conditions were assessed by vocal cords movements on laryngoscopy, apnea and abdominal jerky movements on intubation. In group B, rocuronium was given instead of succinylcholine. In group A one [2%] patient was having movement of vocal cords at the time of laryngoscopy while in group B nine [18%] patients had vocal cord movement [p=0.016]. As far as apnea is concerned, in group A one [2%] patient was not having apnea after 60 seconds but in group B eight [16%] patients were not having apnea [p=0.031]. At the time of intubation in group A three [6%] patients showed jerky movements of abdomen while in group B that movement was present in eleven [22%] patients [p=0.041]. Intubating conditions with rocuronium were not superior to those with succinylcholine

Evaluation of the aetiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice

Jaundice is a common problem in medical and surgical gastroenterological practice. The surgical jaundice can be caused by the obstruction of the bile duct as with gall stones, strictures, malignancy, such as cholangiocarcinoma [in which the jaundice is persistent and progressive], periampullary carcinoma, carcinoma gall bladder 6 and carcinoma head of pancreas. The objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the Etiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice. A prospective, descriptive study was carried out at Surgical Unit-II Holy family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from mid of May 2006 till March 2007. Sixty patients, who presented in the surgical OPD of Holy family Hospital, were included in the study. Thorough history and physical examination was followed by biochemical tests and various investigations like USG abdomen, ERCP, CT-Scan, and MRCP and histopathology. The data was analyzed using SPSS ver 14.0. Of the 60 patients; 40 [66.66%] were male and 20 [33.33%] were female, their mean age being 49.50 years. Malignant obstructive jaundice was seen in 34 [56.66%] patients while 26 [43.33%] had benign etiology. Amongst the commonest symptom; clay coloured stools [75%] was more frequent in patients with malignant disease whereas abdominal pain [51.66%] was most common in benign conditions. Commonest malignancy was Carcinoma [Ca] of the head of pancreas 18/60 [30%] followed by Ca gall bladder 8/60 [13.33%], cholangiocarcinoma 7/60 [11.66%], and periampullary carcinoma 1/60 [1.66%]. Choledocholithiasis 21/60 [35%] was the commonest benign cause followed by stricture of common bile duct 3/60 [5%] and acute pancreatitis 2/60 [3.33%]. Obstructive jaundice is common amongst females and the cause is mostly malignant. Ca head of pancreas is the commonest malignancy while Choledocholithiasis is the commonest benign cause. USG, ERCP and CT-Scan are important diagnostic modalities for evaluation of patient with obstructive jaundice with ERCP having the additional advantage of being therapeutic as well