Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with ischemic stroke: mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment / 国际脑血管病杂志

Ischemic stroke is the main cause of death and disability in adults, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-disordered breathing, which can increase the risk of ischemic stroke and affect the outcomes of patients. There is an increasing amount of research on the relationship between OSA and ischemic stroke. This article reviews the bidirectional relationship between OSA and ischemic stroke, the mechanism of OSA causing ischemic stroke, and the diagnosis and treatment of OSA in patients with ischemic stroke.

Carotid plaque and ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Carotid atherosclerosis is closely associated with ischemic stroke. Research shows that the rupture of vulnerable carotid plaque is an important reason for carotid atherosclerosis leading to thromboembolic events. Therefore, early identification of vulnerable carotid plaques is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the pathophysiological features, imaging evaluation of carotid plaque and its relationship with ischemic stroke.

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on neurological function outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at 90 days after onset.Methods:Patients with AIS admitted to Hefei Second People's Hospital from September 2022 to June 2023 were prospectively included. According to the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days after onset, they were divided into a good outcome group (0-2) and a poor outcome group (>2). The demographic data, vascular risk factors, baseline laboratory tests, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission, severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for poor outcomes. Results:A total of 104 patients with AIS were enrolled, including 62 males (59.6%), with a median age of 65.5 years (interquartile range, 57.0-72.0 years). The median baseline NIHSS score was 3.00 (interquartile range, 2.00-4.00). The median AHI was 18.14/h (interquartile range, 11.34-27.88/h), 43 patients (41.35%) with no/mild OSA and 61 patients (58.65%) with moderate to severe OSA. Seventy-four patients (71.2%) had good outcome, and 30 patients (28.8%) had poor outcome. When introducing AHI as a categorical variable into the logistic regression model, the higher baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio [ OR] 3.041, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.797-5.145; P<0.001) and moderate to severe OSA ( OR 4.413, 95% CI 1.032-18.877; P=0.045) were independent risk factors for poor outcome; When introducing AHI as a continuous variable into the logistic regression model, higher baseline NIHSS score ( OR 3.176, 95% CI 1.844-5.472; P<0.001), age ( OR 1.093, 95% CI 1.014-1.177; P=0.020), and AHI ( OR 1.044, 95% CI 1.002-1.089; P=0.042) were independent risk factors for poor outcome. Conclusion:Moderate to severe OSA is an independent risk factor for poor functional outcome in patients with AIS at 90 days after onset, and a higher AHI indicates poor outcome in patients.

Color Doppler flow imaging for predicting the proteinuria following pyeloplasty for congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:Objectives To investigate the predictive value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for the proteinuria following pyeloplasty for congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children.Methods:We identified a series of 206 children with a mean age of (20.0±28.8) months (1-132 months), consisted of 171 males and 35 females, diagnosed with congenital UPJO accepted pyeloplasty from January 2014 to September 2018, the preoperative mean urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) was (17.3±160.1) mg/mmol and the mean β2-microglobulin/Creatinine Ratio (β2-MG/Cr) was (135.6±383.8) μg/mmol, ultrasound showed a mean renal pelvis dilatation of (3.1±1.5) cm and a mean cortical thickness of (0.3±0.1) cm, and classified as grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ according to the blood flow distribution in renal by CDFI, these children were divided into three groups of increased, decreased and unchanged blood flow according to the postoperative CDFI within 1 week, the postoperative urinary protein and renal function indexes within 1 week and 2 years were retrospectively analysed among groups.Results:Within 1 week postoperatively, an increased, decreased and unchanged blood flow occurred in 113 (54.9%), 31(15.0%), 62(30.1%) children, respectively. Urinary ACR in above mentioned groups was (112.3±400.7), (16.1±29.3), (32.7±48.4) mg/mmol, β2-MG/Cr was (887.4±6061.0), (50.2±62.7), (51.9±57.8)μg/mmol, there were significant differences among groups ( P<0.01). Contralateral hydronephrosis occurred in 21(18.6%), 4(12.9%), 8(12.9%) children, urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was (7.5±5.2), (7.0±5.4)、(5.7±4.5) U/L, these indexes showed no significant differences among groups. There was a positive correlation between the increased blood flow level and the decreased renal pelvis dilatation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.2, P<0.01), ACR (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.4, P<0.01) and β2-MG/Cr (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.3, P<0.01). After a follow up of 2 years, 67 children were diagnosed with proteinuria in this series, 51 cases of them with an increased blood flow, which had significantly higher percentage than children with a decreased (4 cases, 12.9%) or unchanged blood flow (12 cases, 19.3%). Logistic multivariate analysis indicated that early postoperative (within 1 week) increased blood flow ( OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.6), contralateral hydronephrosis ( OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.8) and urinary NAG ( OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1) were predictive of proteinuria, the increased blood flow was independent predictor of proteinuria (Ⅰ level increased: OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.6). Conclusions:The CDFI reveals good predictive value for the postoperative proteinuria, an early marked increased blood flow postoperatively indicated risk of proteinuria in the long term.

Design and Feasibility Study of Tracheal Intubation Device Based on Magnetic Navigation Technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the subject was designed to develop a new tracheal intubation device based on magnetic navigation technology to improve the success rate of tracheal intubation and reduce the risk of occupational exposure of medical staff.@*METHODS@#The new tracheal intubation device was designed with the uniqueness of the magnetic field environment and magnetic steering of magnetic navigation technology. And preliminary magnetic navigation tracheal intubation experiments were performed on the tracheal intubation simulator.@*RESULTS@#Magnetic navigation tracheal intubation can successfully implement tracheal intubation, and the time required is lower than that of traditional laryngoscopy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The tracheal intubation based on magnetic navigation technology is feasible, with high efficiency and easy operation. That is expected to be widely used for tracheal intubation during treatment of patients outside the hospital in the future. At the same time, magnetic navigation endotracheal intubation technology will be the key technology for the development of endotracheal intubation robots.

Fluorescence Assay for Phospholipase C Activity Using Liposome Probes / 分析化学

A simple assay for detection of phospholipase C (PLC) activity was developed based on a fluorescence liposome probe using the Liss Rhod PE-loaded phospholipid liposomes.The liposome probe was prepared by the coassembly of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and fluorescent lipid (Liss Rhod PE).The probe showed very low background fluorescence due to fluorescence self-quenching effect of Liss Rhod PE.As the PLC enzyme selectively digested lipid, the Rhod fluorescence was recovered from its quenched state, leading to the sensitive detection of PLC.This assay provided a limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 2 U/L for PLC.In the presence of PLC inhibitor, the fluorescent response of the sensor for PLC decreased, indicating that the assay could also be used for screening PLC inhibitors.

Establishment and application of a PCR-ELISA assay for the detection of seasonal influenza A virus subtypes H1 and H3 and influenza B virus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To develop a PCR-ELISA assay for the rapid, specific and sensitive detec-tion of human seasonal influenza virus ( H1, H3 and B) by using molecular biological and immunological methods in combination.Methods The primers were designed according to the genes encoding the matrix protein ( M) , the H1 and H3 hemagglutinin ( HA) of influenza A virus and the nonstructural proteins ( B-NS) of influenza B virus and then were labeled with biotin.The PCR products were detected by ELISA by use of an internal catching probe labeled with DIG.Results The minimum copy numbers of genes encoding the M, H1, H3 and B-NS proteins detected by the established assay were 1.43?103 , 8.67?102 , 3.86?103 and 5.45?103 copies/μl, respectively, which indicated that the PCR-ELISA assay was about 10 times more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis in the detection of PCR products.No cross-reactions between the different subtypes of influenza virus or different species of virus were observed.Moreover, a total of 104 clin-ical specimens of influenza virus were examined by the PCR-ELISA assay, the results of which were consist-ent with those of the virus isolation method.Conclusion The newly developed PCR-ELISA assay was a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid detection and subtyping of influenza virus, suggesting the possibility of using it in laboratory for the surveillance and detection of influenza virus.

Comparison of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on magnetic microparticles with traditional colorimetric ELISA for the detection of serum α-fetoprotein / 药物分析学报

A chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on magnetic microparicles (MmPsCLEIA) was developed to evaluate serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) in parallel with tramional colorimetric enzyme-linked immunsorbrnt assay (ELISA).A sestematic comparison between the MmPs-CLEIA and colorimetric ELISA concluded that the MPs-CLEIA exhibited fewer of immunoreagents,less total assay time,and better linearity,recovery,precision,senitivity and validity.AFP was detected in forty human serum samples by the proposed MPs-CLEIA and ELISA,and the results werecompared with commercial electrochemilunminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) kit.The correlation coefficient between MPs-CLEIA and ELISA was obtained with R2=0.6703; however,the correlation between MPs-CLEIA and ECLIA (R2=0.9582) was obviously better than that between colorimetric ELISA and ECLIA (R2=0.6866).

Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on magnetic nanoparticles for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma marker glypican-3 / 药物分析学报

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is reported as a great promising tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis.Highly sensitive and accurate analysis of serum GPC3 (sGPC3),in combination with or instead of traditional HCC marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),is essential for early diagnosis of HCC.Biomaterial-functionalized magnetic particles have been utilized as solid supports with good biological compatibility for sensitive immunoassay.Here,the magnetic nanoparticles (MnPs) and magnetic microparticles (MmPs) with carboxyl groups were further modified with streptavidin,and applied for the development of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA).After comparing between MnPs- and MmPs-based CLEIA,MnPs-based CLEIA was proved to be a better method with less assay time,greater sensitivity,better linearity and longer chemiluminescence platform.MnPs-based CLEIA was applied for detection of sGPC3 in normal liver,hepatoeirrhosis,secondary liver cancer and HCC serum samples.The results indicated that sGPC3 was effective in diagnosis of HCC with high performance.

Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on magnetic nanoparticles for detection of hepatoceUular carcinoma marker glypican-3 / 药物分析学报

Glypican-3 （GPC3） is reported as a great promising tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） diagnosis. Highly sensitive and accurate analysis of serum GPC3 （sGPC3）, in combination with or instead of traditional HCC marker alpha-fetoprotein （AFP）, is essential for early diagnosis of I-ICC. Biomaterial-functionalized magnetic particles have been utilized as solid supports with good biological compatibility for sensitive immunoassay. Here, the magnetic nanoparticles （MnPs） and magnetic microparticles （MmPs） with carboxyl groups were further modified with streptavidin, and applied for the development of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay （CLEIA）. After comparing between MnPs- and MmPs-based CLEIA, MnPs-based CLEIA was proved to be a better method with less assay time, greater sensitivity, better linearity and longer chemiluminescence platform. MnPs-based CLEIA was applied for detection of sGPC3 in normal liver, hepatocirrhosis, secondary liver cancer and HCC serum samples. The results indicated that sGPC3 was effective in diagnosis of HCC with high performance.