Dynamic changes in cytoskeletal elements following acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the dynamic time-course changes in neuronal cytoskeleton after acute ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Methods Reperfusion was performedin rats by blocking the middle cerebralarteryfor 90 min, then therats wereobserved and collected at different time points. The brain damage wasobserved by Nissl staining,and neurobehavioural function was evaluated with neurological deficit score and forelimb placement test. The cellular changes in the alternations of cytoskeletal elements including microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) were observed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. Impaired axons, dendrites and cytoskeletal alternations were detected by electron microscope. Results Brain damage and neurobehavioural function were gradually aggravated with the prolongation of reperfusion. Brain damage appeared earlier and more severe in striatum than in cortex. Moreover, decreased MAP2-related and increased NF-H-related immunoreactive intensities were found in the ischemic areas. Impaired cytoskeletal arrangement and reduced dense were indicated. Damaged cytoskeletal components such as microtubules and neurofilament arrangement, decreased axonal filament density, and swelled dendrites were observed after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by ultrastructural observations. Conclusions Different brain regions have diverse tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Major elements of neuronal cytoskeleton show dynamic responses to ischemia and reperfusion, which may further contribute to brain damage and neurological impairment following MCAO and reperfusion.

Research progress on hypoxia/reoxygenation model of nerve cells in vitro / 中国药理学通报

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of human death and the third reason of disability. Meanwhile, the incidence is rising year after year worldwide. Ischemic stroke could cause ischemia-reperfusion injury after blood recanalization treat-ment, but the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury is still not very clear, so it is necessary to build a preclinical model with specific characteristics. Up to now, animal experiments have been still complicated, and the culture of brain slices has some limitations. The cell model in vitro has become a simplified and valuable tool widely used by researchers. The paper systematically summarizes the common type of nerve cells, and further analyzes establishment methods and principle, relevant research progress on the in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion, in order to provide reference for rationally selecting hypoxia and reoxygenation model for basic research on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and drug screening.

Research on cellular damages and astrocyte activation after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe cellular damage and astrocyte activation at different time points of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods The middle cerebral artery of male SpragueDawley rats was occluded for 90 min followed by different time points of reperfusion. Eighty-five SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (Sham), IR3, 6, 12, 24 and IR48h (MCAO followed by 48 h of reperfusion) group. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was observed by HE staining, and the structure of astrocytes was estimated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GFAP expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Results Cerebral ischemia following by different time points of reperfusion led to different degrees of cellular damage, which was the most serious at 24 h of reperfusion. TEM showed destruction of astrocytes structure, swollen organelles and broken mitochondrial ridge. After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the expression levels of GFAP were significant up-regulated in the ischemic penumbra cortex and the highest was at 48 h of reperfusion, indicating astrocytes were activated. In addition, the results showed the gradual decrease in GFAP expression in the infarct core. Conclusions After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, cellular damage is aggravated, and astrocytes are gradually activated in the ischemic penumbra. With the extension of reperfusion time, the boundaries of infarct area and ischemic area are gradually clear, and scarring may occur.

Mechanism of neuronal death in ischemic stroke / 中国药理学通报

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world, of which about 60 % - 80 % are ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke will inevitably cause the damage of neurons in the core area. With the increase of ischemic time, other neurons in the ischemic penumbra will also die due to the loss of " signal connection", and further lead to body dysfunction. In view of the complexity of neuronal death mechanism after ischemic stroke, understanding the action principle of death mechanism can better save ischemic penumbra neurons. This review mainly expounds several main mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of neuronal death after ischemic stroke, so as to provide basis and help for the improvement of action mechanism research and drug development.

Effect of Xiaoxuming Decoction on synaptic plasticity following acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of Xiaoxuming Decoction on synaptic plasticity in rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). Rats were randomly assigned into a sham group, a MCAO group, and a Xiaoxuming Decoction(60 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group. The Longa score was rated to assess the neurological function of rats with cerebral ischemia for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h. The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining were employed to observe the cerebral infarction and the pathological changes of brain tissue after cerebral ischemia, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to detect the structural changes of neurons and synapses in the ischemic penumbra, and immunofluorescence, Western blot to determine the expression of synaptophysin(SYN), neuronal nuclei(NEUN), and postsynaptic density 95(PSD95) in the ischemic penumbra. The experimental results showed that the modeling increased the Longa score and led to cerebral infarction after 24 h of ischemia-reperfusion. Compared with the model group, Xiaoxuming Decoction intervention significantly decreased the Longa score and reduced the formation of cerebral infarction area. The modeling led to the shrinking and vacuolar changes of nuclei in the brain tissue, disordered cell arrangement, and severe cortical ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the pathological damage in the Xiaoxuming Decoction group was mild. The modeling blurred the synaptic boundaries and broadened the synaptic gap, while such changes were recovered in the Xiaoxuming Decoction group. The modeling decreased the fluorescence intensity of NEUN and SYN, while the intensity in Xiaoxuming Decoction group was significantly higher than that in the model group. The expression of SYN and PSD95 in the ischemic penumbra was down-regulated in the model group, while such down-regulation can be alleviated by Xiaoxuming Decoction. In summary, Xiaoxuming Decoction may improve the synaptic plasticity of ischemic penumbra during acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by up-regulating the expression of SYN and PSD95.

Role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic kidney disease is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological characteristics mainly include epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) in glomerulus, podocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway is specifically regulated by a variety of mechanisms, and is a classic pathway involved in physiological activities such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. At present, many studies have found that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts, traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription improve the renal injury of diabetic kidney disease by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. This study clarified the mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease by expounding the relationship between the key targets of the pathway and diabetic kidney disease, and summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by interfering with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in recent years, to provide reference for drug research and clinical treatment of diabetic kidney disease in the future.

Analysis of the clinical effect of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicular bone grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous screw fixation combined with minimally invasive transpedicular bone grafting and non-bone grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.@*METHODS@#From Janury 2021 to June 2022, 40 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were divided into the experimental group and the control group. There were 26 patients in the experimental group, including 21 males and 5 females with an aberage age of (47.3±12.3) years old, who underwent percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicular autogenous bone grafting. In the control group, 14 patients received percutaneous pedicle screw fixation only. including 7 makes and 7 females with an average age of (50.2±11.2) years old. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae, Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS), MacNab scores, loosening or broken of the implants. were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, VAS and anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae between the two groups. Compared with the preoperative results, VAS and anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae were improved statistically(P<0.05). For Cobb angle of injured vertebra, there was no significant difference between the two groups before surgery (P=0.766). While at 1 week, 3 months and 12 months after surgery, there were statistically differences between the two groups (P values were 0.042, 0.007 and 0.039, respectively). The Cobb angle of injured vertebrae one year after operation was statistically decreased in both groups compared with that before surgery (P<0.001). One year after surgery, the excellent and good rate of Macnab scores was 96.15% in the experimental group and 92.86% in the control group, and there was no statistical differences between the two groups (P=0.648). There was one patient in the control group suffering superficial wound infection on the third day, which was cured by dressing change and anti-infection treatment. There were no postoperative screw loosening and broken in both groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The two surgical methods have the advantages of less trauma, less pain and quicker recovery, which can restore the height of the injured vertebra, reconstruct the spinal sequence and reduce the fracture of the vertebral body. Transpedicular autogenous bone grafting can increase the stability of the fractured vertebra and maintain the height of the vertebra better after surgery, thus reducing the possibility of complications such as kyphosis, screw loosening and broken.

Effect of Xiaoxuming Decoction on activation of astrocytes in acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the effect of Xiaoxuming Decoction(XXMD) on the activation of astrocytes after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. The model of cerebral IR injury was established using the middle cerebral artery occlusion method. Fluorocitrate(FC), an inhibitor of astrocyte activation, was applied to inhibit astrocyte activation. Rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, a XXMD group, a XXMD+FC group, and a XXMD+Vehicle group. Neurobehavioral changes at 24 hours after cerebral IR injury, cerebral infarction, histopathological changes observed through HE staining, submicroscopic structure of astrocytes observed through transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence intensity of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and thrombospondin 1(TSP1) measured through immunofluorescence, and expression of GFAP and TSP1 in brain tissue measured through Western blot were evaluated in rats from each group. The experimental results showed that neurobehavioral scores and cerebral infarct area significantly increased in the model group. The XXMD group, the XXMD+FC group, and the XXMD+Vehicle group all alleviated neurobehavioral changes in rats. The pathological changes in the brain were evident in the model group, while the XXMD group, the XXMD+FC group, and the XXMD+Vehicle group exhibited milder cerebral IR injury in rats. The submicroscopic structure of astrocytes in the model group showed significant swelling, whereas the XXMD group, the XXMD+FC group, and XXMD+Vehicle group protected the submicroscopic structure of astrocytes. The fluorescence intensity and protein expression of GFAP and TSP1 increased in the model group compared with those in the sham group. However, the XXMD group, the XXMD+FC group, and XXMD+Vehicle group all down-regulated the expression of GFAP and TSP1. The combination of XXMD and FC showed a more pronounced effect. These results indicate that XXMD can improve cerebral IR injury, possibly by inhibiting astrocyte activation and down-regulating the expression of GFAP and TSP1.

Therapeutic value of zoledronic acid in the prevention of osteoporotic hip sequential fracture / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of zoledronic acid in improving the prognosis of osteoporotic hip fracture and preventing its sequential contralateral hip fracture.Methods:A retrospective study of 206 patients diagnosed with hip fragile fractures in China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital and treated with anti-osteoporotic drugs after surgery was conducted. The prognosis of patients with hip fracture using survival rate analysis and the risk factors of acute febrile complications with multivariate analysis after zoledronic acid treatment were evaluated. Furthermore, chi-square test and multivariate analysis was used to explore whether zoledronic acid decreases the occurrence of the contralateral sequential fracture.Results:The 3-year survival rate of patients with overall hip fracture was higher in zoledronic acid treatment group compared with control group( P=0.026), with the incidence of fever at 53.3%. The age [ OR=0.786, P=0.027, the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.724] and cardiopulmonary complications ( OR=0.043, P=0.025, the area under ROC curve was 0.628) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of acute febrile response. The incidence of sequential contralateral fractures in zoledronic acid treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group ( χ2=4.356, P=0.037). The application of zoledronic acid ( OR=0.160, P=0.007, the area under ROC curve is 0.586) and the type of femoral neck fracture ( OR=0.196, P=0.001, the area under ROC curve is 0.607) were statistically associated with the occurrence of sequential fractures. Conclusion:Zoledronic acid treatment improves the outcome of patients with osteoporotic hip fracture and reduces the incidence of sequential hip fractures, especially femoral neck fracture. Senile age and cardiopulmonary complications might be associated with lower risk of acute febrile reactions after zoledronic acid treatment.

Effects of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage on surgical treatment of type Ⅲ and Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage on surgical treatment of type Ⅲ and Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 72 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma of the Bismuth-Corlette type Ⅲ and Ⅳ treated at Department of General Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2010 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into two groups based on whether PTBD was performed:a drained group and an undrained group.In the drained group,there were 31 patients,20 males and 11 females,aged (59.9±9.7)years (range: 39-73 years).Among them,14 patients underwent hepatectomy with half or more than half of the liver removed (extended hepatectomy)and 17 patients underwent non-anatomical hepatectomy in the hilar region (limited hepatectomy).In the undrained group,there were 41 patients, 26 males and 15 females, aged (60.8±7.8)years(range: 45-75 years).Among them, 17 patients underwent hepatectomy with half or more than half of the liver removed (extended hepatectomy)and 24 patients underwent non-anatomical hepatectomy in the hilar region (limited hepatectomy).Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)was used in the drained group.Under the guidance of ultrasound,one or more hepatobiliary ducts could be sufficiently drained,which had good effect and was not restricted by the obstruction location of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The analysis of the measurement data was performed using t test,and the analysis of the count data was performed using χ2 test,and the survival curve was plotted using Kaplan-meier method.@*Results@#In total, 72 jaundiced patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent surgical treatment: 31 had PTBD prior to operation while 41 did not had PTBD.There were significant differences in ALT((93.2±21.4)U/L vs.(207.4±65.1)U/L),AST((87.6±18.1)U/L vs.(188.9±56.6)U/L)and total bilirubin((68.8±12.6)μmol/L vs.(227.5±87.7)μmol/L)between the patients after treatment and those before treatment(t=10.958, P=0.000; t=10.845, P=0.000; t=10.386, P=0.000).Compared with those in the undrained group, the operation time was shorter, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the incidence of complications were lower in the drained group(t=-2.840, P=0.006; t=-3.698, P=0.000; χ2=4.108, P=0.043).There were no perioperative death cases in drained group and 2 perioperative death cases in undrained group.There was no significant difference in R0 resection rate between the two groups(χ2=0.778,P=0.378).The 1-,3-,5-year survival rate of patients in the drained group and the undrained group was 72.7%,34.2%, 13.7% and 72.8%, 31.5%, 11.8%, respectively.The difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma of Bismuth-Corlette type Ⅲ and Ⅳ could effectively shorten operative time, reduce amount of intraoperative bleeding and incidence of postoperative complications,but have no significant effect on the R0 resection rate and survival rate.

Effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcome in patients with structural heart disease / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To analyze the effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcome in patients with structural heart disease. Methods Totally 986 patients diagnosed with structural heart disease who had their delivery at Renji Hospital from January 1st,2003 to December 31st,2016 were divided into 5 groups according to maternal age. Sixteen(1.6%)were in age group <20 years, 204(20.7%)were in age group 20-24 years,461(46.8%)were in age group 25-29 years,222(22.5%)was in age group 30-34 years and 83(8.4%)was in age group ≥35 years.The incidence of cardiac,obstetric and fetal complications among these groups were analyzed. Results Among the 986 patients with structural heart disease, 82(8.3%) experienced adverse cardiac events(some patients had more than 1 complication), including infective endocarditis(0.4%,4/986), malignant arrhythmia(3.3%, 33/986), heart failure(5.3%, 52/986), cardiac death(0.9%,9/986).The incidence of cardiac complications were respectively 12.5%,11.3%,4.8%,10.4% and 14.5% in each age group,with statistically significant differences when compared with one another(P=0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of obstetric complications(P>0.05). The incidence of fetal complications in each group showed statistically significant differences(P=0.001);which was 25.0%,30.4%,24.1%,29.3% and 47.0% respectively. Conclusions Age group 25-29 years presented the lowest risk of cardiac complications and is potentially the optimal age for pregnancy and delivery.Age group<20 or≥35 years is at higher risk for cardiac complications. The highest rate of fetal complications is in age group≥35 years.

Expression and significance of endothelial microparticles in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and significance of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 previously untreated children with HSP were classified to Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) group (n=40) and non-nephritis group (n=60). Thirty healthy children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as control group. Serum levels of EMPs, T helper 17 cells (Th17), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were compared between groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HSPN and non-nephritis groups had significantly higher levels of Th17 and IL-17 than the control group, and the HSPN group had the highest levels (P<0.05). The HSPN and non-nephritis groups had a significantly higher level of EMPs than the control group, and the HSPN group had the highest level (P<0.05). In the HSPN group, the levels of Th17 and IL-17 were positively correlated with the level of EMPs (r=0.830 and 0.644 respectively; P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EMPs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSP. The increase in EMPs might be one of the reasons for renal involvement in children with HSP.</p>

Chemical Constituents from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae / 中草药·英文版

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Citrus reticulata). Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. The structures were identified by spectral data. Results Nineteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4′,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (1), 3,3′,4′,5,6,7,8-heptmethoxyflavone (2), sinensetin (3), 5-O-demethylnobiletin (4), tangeretin (5), nobiletin (6), apigenin (7), 5-O-desmethyltangeretin (8), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3′,4′,6-tetramethoxyflavone (9), pachypodol (10), 4′,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavanone (11), 3′,4′,5,7,8-pentamethoxyflavanone (12), agestricin C (13), scoparone (14), isoscopoletin (15), hesperidin (16), didymin (17), methylhesperidine (18), and naringin (19). Conclusion Compounds 9-15 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Application of debridement and bone autografting combined with proximal femoral anatomical plates for benign tumor in proximal femur / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of debridement and bone autografting combined with proximal femoral anatomical plate in treating benign tumor in proximal femur.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2010 to October 2014, 30 patients with benign tumor in proximal femur were treated with debridement, autogenic ilium, autogenic ilium and allogeneic bone implant, and anatomic plate fixation. Among them, there were 13 males and 17 females aged from 12 to 68 years old with an average of 42 years old. The courses ranged from 1 month to 2 years with an average of 9 months. MSTS scoring were observed and compared before and after operation, and also applied to evaluate lower-extremity function. X-ray was examined to evaluate healing of focus. Postoperative complications were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 29 months. MSTS score at the final following-up (27.06±2.59) was higher than preoperative (16.44±1.35), and there was significant difference(<0.05). X-ray at the final following-up showed bone graft fusion, pathological fracture were recover consciously, internal fixation was well, no loosening, deformation and displacement occurred. One case occurred incision fat liquefaction and 1 patient with giant cell tumor of bone relapsed at 13 months after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Debridement and bone autografting combined with proximal femoral anatomical plate is an effective method in treating benign tumor in proximal femur. It could control tumor, relieve pain, promote function and prevent occurrence of pathologic fractures.</p>

Bigelovii E,a triterpenoid compound of Salicornia bigelovii,induced apoptosis of breast cancer MCF-7 cells via inhibiting mTOR / P70S6K / 4-EBP signaling / 中国药理学通报

Aim To demonstrate that bigelovii E,one of the triterpenoid compounds isolated from Salicornia bigelovii Torr. ,induced apoptosis and inhibited prolif-eration of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Methods MTT and Clonogenic were used to detect the anti-proliferative effect of bigelovii E on human tumor cells. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to observe the chan-ges of cell morphology in the treatment with bigelovii E. The effect of bigelovii E on cell apoptosis,cell mi-tochondrial membrane potential and the ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of mito-chondrial apoptotic pathway and its regulated proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results Bigelovii E was most sensitive to MCF-7;bigelovii E had lower toxicity to normal cells HLF1;bigelovii E inhibited the colony formation of breast cancer MCF-7;the apoptosis pattern induced by bigelovii E was detected by Hoechst 33258;Western blot showed that bigelovii E could down-regulate the phosphorylation of mTOR,p70S6K and 4-EBP,up-regulate the expression of Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 proteins,promote the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway,reduce the mitochondrial membrane poten-tial,and induce ROS,leading to mitochondrial func-tion damage,and ultimately inducing apoptosis. Con-clusion Bigelovii E regulates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through mTOR pathway,induces apoptosis and has a good anti-tumor effect.

Chemical Constituents from Roots of Millettia speciosa / 中草药·英文版

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Millettia speciosa. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. The structures were identified by means of spectral data. Results Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as naringenin (1), liquiritigenin (2), garbanzol (3), 7-hydroxy-6,4′- dimethoxyisoflavone (4), calycosin (5), 2′,5′,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (6), 2′-hydroxybiochanin A (7), 6-methoxycalopogonium isoflavone A (8), demethylmedicarpin (9), 4,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxychalcone (10), 2′,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (11), rhododendrol (12), secoisolariciresinol (13), bisdihydrosiringenin (14), and polystachyol (15). Conclusion All compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents in root tuber of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and their anti-oxidative activities / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical compositions from the root tuber of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and their anti-oxidative activities. Methods: The compounds were isolated by various column chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, HR-MS, etc. The anti-oxidative activities were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Results: Fourteen compounds were isolated from the root tuber of T. hemsleyanum, they were identified as kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), salicylic acid (3), benzoic acid (4), oxyresveratrol (5), catechin (6), L-epicatechin (7), epigallocatechin (8), procyanidin B2 (9), procyanidin B1 (10), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (11), protocatechualdehyde (12), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), and protocatechuic acid (14). The anti-oxidative IC50 values of compounds 2, 8, 9, 10, and 12 were 14.15, 14.19, 15.99, 12.4, and 15.98 μmol/L, respectively, better than the positive control Vit C (IC50 value was 23.0 μmol/L). Conclusion: Compounds 4-12 are isolated from T. hemsleyanum for the first time. It has been demonstrated that the root tuber contain flavonoids and also is rich in organic acids. Moreover, compounds 2, 8, 9, 10, and 12 have the certain prospects in the development of natural anti-oxidative agents.

Role of RISK signal pathway in reducing clenbuterol-induced cardiomycytes A/R injury of neonatal rat / 中国药理学通报

Aims To study the effects of clenbuterol on anoxia/reoxygenation( A/R) injury in neonatal Wistar rat cardiomyocytes and to explore whether its mecha-nism is related to reperfusion injury salvage kinase ( RISK) or not. Methods The cultured primary neo-natal cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into eight groups: ①normal culture group; ②anoxia/reoxygen-ation( A/R) group;③ clenbuterol ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) +A/R;④ICI118,551(10 μmol·L-1) + clenbuterol ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R; ⑤Metoprolol ( 10μmol · L-1 ) + clenbuterol(1μmol·L-1 ) + A/R group;⑥Metoprolol ( 10 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R group; ⑦PD98059 ( 20 μmol · L-1 ) + clenbuterol ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R group;⑧ LY294002(10 μmol·L-1 ) +clenbuterol(1 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R group. Cell via-bility was determined by the conventional MTT reduc-tion assay. The content of LDH in cultured medium was measured with colorimetry. Cardiomyocyte apopto-sis was determined by Hoechst33342 . Intracellular re-active species( ROS) were monitored by the fluorescent DCFH-DA. Total ERK2 and phosphorylated ERK were detected by western blot. Results Compared with A/R group, clenbuterol significantly increased vaibility of cells, reduced LDH release, lowered the rate of apop-tosis and ROS production. When addedβ2 receptor an-tagonist ICI118 , 551 , PI3 K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor PD98059 , the effects of clenbuterol a-bove were inhibited; but β1 receptor antagonist Meto-prolol protected the cardiomyocytes from A/R injury, as evidenced by decreased LDH release and increased cell viability. There were no synergistic effects in the combined use of clenbuterol and Metoprolol. Conclu-sion clenbuterol exerts cardioprotective effects against A/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apopto-sis. The protection of clenbuterol is inhibited by ICI118 , 551 , LY294002 and PD98059 . clenbuterol protects cardiomyocytes against A/R injury via RISK pathway by activation of β2 receptor.

Allogenic bone transplantationversus autologous bone grafting for repair of limb comminuted fractures：bony union and bone activity / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone grafting is a commonly used method for treatment of limb comminuted fractures, including alogenic bone transplantation and autologous bone grafting, both of which have their own merit and demerit. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical effect of bone alograft and autograft in repairing limb comminuted fractures from the aspects of bone healing and bone activity. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 49 cases of limb fractures which were divided into control group (alogenic bone transplantation) and observation group (autologous bone grafting) according to treatment methods. Clinical healing time, bony union time, and bone specific alkaline phosphatase activity were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone healing time and bony union time were (5.8±1.2) weeks and (5.8±1.5) months, respectively, in the observation group and (6.1±1.3) weeks and (6.1±0.8) months, respectively, in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The bone specific alkaline phosphatase activities were (10.45±1.53) μg/L in the observation group and (13.58±1.69) μg/L in the control group, and there was a marked difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that both of alogenic bone transplantation and autologous bone grafting can achieve good results in the repair of limb comminuted fractures, but the autologous bone grafting has certain advantages in the promotion of bone healing ability.

Analysis of clinical effects of cervical artificial disc replacement or anterior cervical decompression and fusion for the treatment of single cervical disc herniation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of Mobi-C cervical artificial disc replacement (CADR) and anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) in treating single cervical disc herniation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to June 2012, the clinical data of 27 patients with single cervical disc herniation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 18 males and 9 females, aged from 30 to 62 years old with an average of 46.7 years. Of them, 12 patients were treated with CADR (CADR group) and 15 patients with ACDF (ACDF group). All patients had pain and numbness in neck, shoulder and upper limbs, and courses of disease was from 1 to 13 months with an average of 2.4 months. The data of clinical evaluation and questionnaire survey about quality of life were collected before operation, postoperative at 1 week and final follow-up. Odom criterion was used to evaluate postoperative effect. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record pain levels. Neck disability index (NDI) and health questionnaire SF-36 were used to assess the quality of life.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No complications about nerve and blood vessel were found and the patients were followed up from 6 to 30 months, with an average of 16 months. One week after operation, 10 cases got excellent results and 2 good in CADR group; 5 cases got excellent results and 10 good in ACDF group; there was significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). At final follow-up, 10 cases got excellent results and 2 good in CADR group; 12 cases got excellent results and 3 good in ACDF group; there was no significant difference between two groups (P> 0.05). Pain of upper limbs had obviously relieved between two groups at 1 week after operation and final follow-up (P<0.05). VAS of neck and NDI in CADR group had decreased respectively from preoperative 3.58±0.79, 23.42±6.36 to 0.58±0.51, 5.42±1.68 at 1 week after operation (P<0.05); but the index in ACDF group was no obvious at 1 week after operation. At final follow-up, VAS of neck and NDI and SF-36 score were obviously improved than preoperation (P<0.05) between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mobi-C CADR retains the movement unit in the decompression segment and can quickly recover normal action for patients. Using CADR method has a good curative effect in the early phase, and the clinical effect is reliable, may improve the quality of life.</p>