Effectiveness of Zhenqi Buxue Oral Liquid Combined with Progesterone for Treatment of Oligomenorrhea and Hypomenorrhea with Qi-Blood and Kidney (Shen) Essence Deficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zhenqi Buxue Oral Liquid (ZQ), progesterone capsules, and their combination in treating oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea with qi-blood and Kidney (Shen) essence deficiency.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective, randomized, multi-center controlled trial between June 2022 to December 2022. Ninety-six oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea patients with qi-blood and Shen essence deficiency were randomly assigned to receive ZQ (ZQ group, 29 cases), progesterone capsules (PG group, 32 cases), or the combined Chinese and Western medicine (COM group, 31 cases) at a ratio of 1:1:1. Patients in the ZQ or PG group took daily 10 mL twice a day of ZQ or 200 mg once a day of progesterone capsules for 10 consecutive days on day 15 of the menstrual cycle respectively, and patients in the COM group received the same ZQ combined with progesterone capsules. The treatment course lasted for 3 months and follow-up was performed at 1 and 3 months after the end of treatment. Primary endpoint was the menstrual Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale (TCMSS) scores. Secondary endpoints included pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) scores, clinical efficacy rate, 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores, sex hormones and thickness of endometrium. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.@*RESULTS@#TCMSS scores after 1- and 3-month treatment in all groups were significantly lower than those at baseline (P<0.05). Only TCMSS scores after 3-month treatment in the ZQ and COM groups continuously decreased compared with those after 1-month treatment in the same group (P<0.01). TCMSS scores after 3-month treatment in the ZQ and COM groups were significantly lower than those in the PG group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with baseline, PBAC scores in the ZQ and COM groups after 3 months of treatment were also significantly higher (both P<0.01). The total effective rates of TCM syndrome of 3-month treatment were significantly improved in all groups compared with that after 1 month of treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the COM group was the highest in the 3rd month of treatment and significantly higher than that of PG group alone (P<0.05). Compared with baseline, only the SF-36 scores of COM group were significantly improved after 3 months of treatment (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed after treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of ZQ and PG, or ZQ only had better effects on reducing TCMSS scores compared with PG, and COM showed the higher total effective rate compared with monotherapy. Besides, COM could effectively improve menstrual blood loss and quality of life. ZQ combined with PG may be an effective and safe option for oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea patients with qi-blood and Shen essence deficiency.

Dexmedetomidine protects acute myocardial ischemic injury in rats by inhibiting TXNIP / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)on acute myocardial ischemia in rats and its mechanism.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group(C), model group(M), and dexmedetomidine 10, 25, 50 μg·kg

Effect of row-like puncture at sternocleidomastoid on peripheral facial palsy at recovery stage / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of conventional acupuncture combined with row-like puncture at sternocleidomastoid on peripheral facial palsy at recovery stage.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with peripheral facial palsy at recovery stage were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Acupuncture was applied at affected Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yangbai (GB 14), Sibai (ST 2), Quanliao (SI 18), Jiache (ST 6), Dicang (ST 4), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Zusanli (ST 36) in the control group. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, row-like puncture was applied at sternocleidomastoid (1 needle was punctured at muscle origin and insertion respectively, 3 to 4 needles were row-like punctured at the connection line of muscle origin and insertion). The treatment was given once a day, 5 times were as one course, with 2-day interval, totally 4 courses were required in the both groups. The house-brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function grade, facial nerve function rating system-dynamic view rating scale score and facial disability index (FDI) scale score [including scores of FDI physical function (FDIp) and FDI social life function (FDIs)] before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the H-B facial nerve function grades were improved compared before treatment in the both groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with conventional acupuncture, combination therapy with row-like puncture at sternocleidomastoid can improve the therapeutic effect of peripheral facial palsy at recovery stage.

Prevalence and risk factors for bone mineral density changes in antiretroviral therapy-naive human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults: a Chinese cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Studies have reported that low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, the factors that contribute to HIV-related BMD changes are yet to be fully understood. Due to the application of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among a select group of hospitals only, the prevalence and risk factors of low BMD in HIV-infected populations have not been intensively investigated in China. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with BMD changes among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-positive patients in China.@*METHODS@#The assessment of the prevalence of and risk factors associated with BMD changes was conducted among 156 ART-naive HIV-infected patients. Demographic and clinical data, as well as results of fasting blood tests were obtained from patients. Further, all patients underwent DXA scans to determine BMD, which was then used to classify patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis. The risk factors of reduced BMD were then evaluated using binary logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#Among the 156 ART-naive HIV-infected participants, osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 48.7% (76/156) and 4.5% (7/156) of patients, respectively. The lumbar spine was most likely to have reduced BMD (49.4% [77/156]), and the proportion of osteopenia in the left hip (32.7% [51/156]) was higher than in the right hip (24.4% [38/156]). In the lumbar spine, bone loss rate in the L1 section (60.9% [95/156]) was the most significant (L2, 53.2% [83/156]; L3, 45.5% [71/156]; L4, 52.6% [82/156]). Further analysis showed that, compared with the neck (26.9% [42/156] in the left, 18.6% [29/156] in the right) and the interior (15.4% [24/156] in the left, 13.5% [21/156] in the right), the trochanter had the greatest probability of reduced BMD (46.2% [72/156] in the left, 28.8% [45/156] in the right). In the risk factor analysis, low body mass index (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2) was positively associated with reduced BMD (Exp (B) = 39.743, 95% confidence interval: 3.234-488.399, P = 0.004), and was specifically positively correlated with BMD values at three sites (r = 0.335 at right hip, r = 0.327 at left hip, r = 0.311 at lumbar spine).@*CONCLUSION@#Reduced BMD was found in the majority of ART-naive HIV-infected patients and BMI was identified as an additional risk factor for reduced BMD. Our results show that BMD reduction was simultaneously present in the left hip, right hip, and lumbar spine among nearly one fifth of patients. Our work highlights the importance of closely monitoring BMD in ART-naive patients and provides a foundation for the clinical intervention of bone demineralization in them.

Effect of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor TAE226 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor TAE226 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.@*METHODS@#HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells were cultured with TAE226 under different concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 μmol·L⁻¹) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin. The protein expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin were determined by Western blot assay after 48 h of TAE226 treatment.@*RESULTS@#Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that increasing the TAE226 dose and reaction time resulted in increased and decreased E-cadherin and Vimentin mRNA expressions, respectively (P<0.05). Western blot assays showed that increasing the TAE226 dose resulted in increased and decreased E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expressions, respectively (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TAE226, which is expected to be an effective drug for OSCC treatment, can effectively inhibit the EMT of the OSCC cell line.

Advances in Exercise for Pre-diabetes and Diabetes: A Systemic Review / 中国康复理论与实践

Results and Conclusion Exercise or exercise combined with diet is surely effective on pre-diabetes patients. The types of exercise include aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which may work well for blood glucose, insulin resistance, blood lipids, vascular endothelial function, brain glucose metabolism and brain lactic acid metabolism, etc. HIIT is time-saving, high-efficiency and well-compliance for diabetic patients in fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance. Objective:To investigate the efficacy of exercise on patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Methods:Literatures about exercise intervention for pre-diabetes and diabetes from September, 2014 to September, 2019 were searched from PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, and the references included were traced back.

Long noncoding RNA UFC1 promotes metastasis and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via GSK-3β/β-catenin axis / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of Long noncoding RNA UFC1 (lincRNA-UFC1) in modulating the metastasis and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#Human HCC cell line Huh7 was infected with the lentiviral vector carrying lincRNA-UFC1 to obtain a cell line with lincRNA-UFC1 overexpression. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting lincRNA-UFC1 was delivered in human HCC BEL-7402 cells via a lentiviral vector to obtain a cell line with lincRNA-UFC1 knockdown. Expression levels of lincRNA-UFC1 in the two HCC cell lines were detected using real-time PCR, and the changes in the cell invasion and migration in response to lincRNA-UFC1 overexpression or knockdown were analyzed using Transwell and wound-healing assays. The expressions of GSK-3β/β-catenin-related proteins in the cells were detected with Western blotting. XAV-939, a GSK-3β/β-catenin inhibitor, was used for assessing the impact of lincRNAUFC1 overexpression on the invasion and migration of the HCC cells through Transwell and wound-healing assays.@*RESULTS@#Overexpression of lincRNA-UFC1 significantly promoted the invasion and migration of Huh7 cells as compared with the control cells ( < 0.001), while lincRNA-UFC1 knockdown obviously suppressed the invasion and migration of BEL-7402 cells ( < 0.001). The results of Western blotting showed that the expressions of proteins associated with the cell invasion and migration, namely β-catenin and P-GSK-3β, were significantly upregulated in response to lincRNA-UFC1 overexpression, and were obviously lowered after lincRNA-UFC1 knockdown. Treatment of the cells with XAV-939 significantly reversed the effect of lincRNA-UFC1 overexpression on the cell invasion and migration ( < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#lincRNA-UFC1 overexpresison promotes cell invasion and migration through the GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in HCC cells .

Development of intracorneal lens / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Keratoconus is an ophthalmopathy that has high morbidity and is likely to cause blindness. The currently available therapeutic options for keratoconus mainly include wearing rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, corneal cross linking, and keratoplasty, etc., which,however, require high treatment cost and long-term medicinal treatment with indefinite therapeutic effect. lntracorneal lens implantation has emerged as a new technique for the treatment of keratoconus, which attempts to implant a lens of certain power into the corneal interlayer, so as to allow the visual acuity to recover quickly while treating keratoconus. This paper reviews the advances and the development prospect of intracorneal lens implantation.

Combination of corpus cavernosum flushing and surgical shunt for low-flow priapism / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of corpus cavernosum flushing combined with surgical shunt in the treatment of low-flow priapism(LFP).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 10 cases of LFP patients who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from August 2010 to March 2017.The ages were from 28 to 67 years old,with average ages 44.8 years old,and the duration of erectile pain was 19 to 264 hours,with mean time 58.3 hours.Both doppler ultrasonography and analysis of blood gas indicated LFP.Comprehensive strategies were car-ried out to treat these patients.Results One case with chronic granulocytic leukemia(CGL) gave up treatment and died of acute transforma-tion three months later.Successful detumescence was achieved by combination of cavernosal flushing and different operation procedures for all of the other 9 cases.The follow-up duration ranged from 6 months to 12 months,which exhibited 3 cases with partial erectile dysfunction(ED) and 2 cases with complete ED respectively.Conclusion With the combination of cavernosal flushing and surgical shunt procedures,penis detumescence was successfully achieved.Treatment strategies should be carried out immediately as soon as LFP was diagnosed.

Relationship of impaired brain function after sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia and CREB signal pathway / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship of impaired brain function after emergency inhalation anesthesia of sevoflurane com -bined with nitrous oxide and cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB)signal pathway.Methods A total of 442 patients who were admitted into our hospital from January 2014 to April 2017 were selected as the object of this study.And these patients were divided into 3 groups according to different anesthesia ways,namely the inhalation anesthesia group(118 cases),the local anesthesia group(206 cases), and the control group(118 cases).The blood cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)concentration were examined by the mini mental state examination(MMSE)score scale.At the same time,the 60 rats were randomly divided into the anesthesia group(n=30)and the con-trol group(n=30).The learning and memory function of the two groups were evaluated by Morris water maze test,and the expressions of cAMP and CREB were measured.Results The blood cAMP concentration and MMSE score in the inhalation anesthesia group were signifi -cantly decreased after inhalation anesthesia(P<0.05).In the place navigation test,rats of the anesthesia group cost much more time to find the platform compared with rats in the control group, and rats of the anesthesia group encountered less times of crossing the platform com-pared with rats in the control group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Western blot showed that patients of the anesthesia group had lower cAMP and expression of p-CREB protein,with significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Brain function decline after sevoflu-rane inhalation anesthesia combined with nitrous oxide may induced by increasing the nucleus of the second messenger CAMP /Ca2+pathway and decreasing the expression of CREB.

Current research status of vitamin D and thyroid cancer / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Vitamin D participates in a variety of biological processes. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D]is the active form of vitamin D. Besides its classical role in bone and calcium homeostasis, 1,25-(OH)2D has many non-classical functions such as regulating proliferation and differentiation of cells in various tissues, including tumor cells as well. However, the role of 1,25-(OH)2D in thyroid cancer is not clear yet. There are three integral components of the vitamin D pathway in thyroid cells. These components are the vitamin D receptor, 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1). Differences in the expression levels of these components in normal thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer tissue may offer clues and lay the foundation for study of the inhibitory function in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer.This review focuses on the insights gained in the elucidation of the role of 1,25-(OH)2D pathway in thyroid cancer, one of the most common endocrine malignancies.

The application of ultraifltration in old biological samples( / 中国法医学杂志

Objectve To investigate the application value of ultraifltration with millipore ifltration method test of old biological samples DNA. Methods 23 old blood samples separately were cut blood piece equally suitable size of three groups, labeled A, B and C group. DNA was extracted by magnetic bead methed and get DNA template with 80μL, 80μL, 20μL elution solution, respectively, then the DNA template in group A and C take right amount directly ampliifed, group B with milipore ultraifltration ifltration condensed amplication. PCR products were detected by ABI3130xl genetic analyzer and analyzed by GeneMapperID V3.2 software. The date were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results No samples were ampliifed for all STR loci in group A. There were 18 cases in group B samples amplified all STR loci and 11 samples in group C. Conclusion Application of millipore ultrafiltration method can signiifcantly improve the old biological samples DNA classiifcation success rate.

Therapeutic efficacy of salbutamol and dexamethasone added into whole lung lavage fluid in patients with pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of salbutamol and dexamethasone added into large-volume whole lung lavage (WLL) fluid in patients with pneumoconiosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 176 patients with pneumoconiosis were randomly divided into control group (n=86) and treatment group (n=90). The control group received WLL with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, while for the treatment group, salbutamol and dexamethasone were added into the WLL fluid for both lungs at the 1st and 4th WLLs.Before and after WLL, the pulmonary wheezing, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02), peak airway pressure(Pa peak), amount of intrapulmonary residual fluid, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVw) (72 h later),diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO ), and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured for comparison between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After WLL, the treatment group had a significantly lower detection rate of pulmonary wheezing than the control group ( 13.3% vs 29.1 %, x2=5.028, ?=0.025), and the control group had a significantly higher incidence rate of pulmonary wheezing than the treatment group (21.8% vs 3.7%, 0R=5.423,95%CI 2.036-9.568 ). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly higher Pa02 and significantly lower Pa peak and amount of intrapulmonary residual fluid (t =2.163 -4.132, P<0.05) and significantly higher FEV1, DLCO, and FVC (t=1.986-2.345, P<0.05) after WLL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Salbutamol and dexamethasone added into large-volume WLL fluid may effectively alleviate bronchial spasm, reduce hypoxemia, and decrease Pa peak in patients with pneumoconiosis, thus promoting lung function recovery after WLL.</p>

Activation of NOD2 signalling pathway stimulates the function of human dendritic cells loaded with leukemia cell lysates / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of NOD2 signalling pathway activated by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on the immunomodulation effect of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) loaded with leukemia cell lysates. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, These cells were cultured with three cytokines for 7 days to induce their maturation. On the 5th day, cells were loaded with leukemia cell HL-60 lysates. NOD2 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The phenotype of DC were analyzed by flow cytometry, and ELISA was used to assay levels of IL-12 (p40) . The results showed that MDP could trigger NOD2 mRNA and protein expression in different groups of DC, especially in sensitized DC+MDP group, which was significantly higher than that in the DC+MDP group and sensitized DC without MDP stimulation, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Besides, the expression of surface molecules (HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40) in the group of DC loaded with leukemia cell lysate and stimulated by MDP (sensitized DC+MDP) reached the highest level, followed by the group of DC loaded with leukemia cell lysate without MDP and DC only stimulated by MDP, non-treated DC were the lowest (P < 0.05). Similarly, compared with untreated unstimulated DC, after loading with HL-60 lysates or only stimulating with MDP, the secretion of IL-12p40 increased, but IL-12p40 level (573.86 ± 32.09 pg/ml) in DC+MDP group was higher than that in group of sensitized DC (365.03 ± 28.86 pg/ml) (P < 0.05), and it in sensitized DC+MDP group reached the highest (898.30 ± 61.08) pg/ml, compared to other groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that MDP can significantly enhance the NOD2 mRNA and protein expression in sensitized DC, promote the expression of HLA-DR, synergistic costimulatory molecules and adhesion molecules of DC, at the same time, MDP can increase secretion of inflammatory factors IL-12p40. This study will provide a new ideas for DC application in leukemia immunotherapy.

Effect of L-arginine on pulmonary surfactant and alveolar macrophages in rats with pulmonary injury induced by lipopolysaccharide / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of L-Arginine (L-Arg) on pulmonary surfactant (PS) expression and alveolar macrophage (AM) in rats with pulmonary injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Model of acute lung injury (ALI) was made by injection (iv) with LPS 5 mg/kg in rats. Fourty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 16): control, model (LPS) and L-Arg groups. L-Arg (500 mg/kg ip ,L-Arg group) or saline (control and LPS group) was administrated at 3 h or 6 h after LPS injection respectively for 3 h. The expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) mRNA in the lung tissue was detected by ISH. The total protein (TP) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected. Rat AM were isolated from the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of SD rats and harvested by selective plating technique. LPS and L-Arg were added to the culture medium. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO),the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) in the culture supernatants were respectively measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the expression of SP-A mRNA was significantly decreased, the TP concentration was significantly increased in LPS group. Compared with LPS group at the same time points, treatment with L-Arg at 3 h after LPS, the expression of SP-A mRNA in lung tissue was increased markedly, whereas TP concentration was decreased significantly. In cultured rat AM, LDH activity, NO, TNF-alpha and IL-6 contents in culture medium were significantly increased in LPS group to compared with those of control group. LDH activity, TNF-alpha and IL-6 contents were decreased in L-Arg group compared with those of LPS group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>L-Arg can protect the lung against LPS-induced pulmonary injury by up-regulating the expression of PS and inhibiting inflammatory transmitters from AM.</p>

Correlation of casein kinase 2β overexpression to the metastatic ability of colorectal cancer cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of casein kinase 2β (ck2β) in colorectal cancer in relation to the metastatic ability of the cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of ck2β in 46 normal colorectal mucosa, 20 colorectal adenomas and 66 colorectal cancers were detected immunohistochemically. In colorectal cancer cells, Ck2β protein expression was knockdown by RNA interference using ck2β-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the interference efficiency was assessed by Western blotting. The effect of ck2β gene knockdown on the proliferation of the colorectal cancer cells was tested with colony formation assay, and the changes in the invasive ability of the cells were observed using Transwell chamber assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Negative or weak ck2β expression was detected in normal colorectal mucosa, with nuclear positivity in 8.7% and cytoplasmic positivity in 13.0% of the cases. Colorectal adenomas showed moderate ck2β expression, with 60% cases showing positivity in the cell nuclei and 40% in the cytoplasm. In colorectal cancers, significantly stronger expression of ck2β was found than that in colorectal adenomas and normal colorectal mucosa (P<0.05), and 75.8% cases showed positivity in the cell nuclei and 62.1% showed cytoplasmic positivity; the expression of ck2β protein in colorectal cancers with lymph node metastasis was even higher (P<0.05). Ck2β knockdown obviously inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high expression of ck2β in colorectal cancer is closely correlated to the carcinogenesis and metastasis of the tumor.</p>

Analysis of primary metabolites of tramadol in rat urine by LC-MS(n / 药学学报

Tramadol and its metabolites in rat urine were identified by LC-MS(n). Rat urine samples of 0-36 h were collected after ip 9.0 mg x kg(-1) tramadol, then the samples were enriched and purified through solid-phase extraction cartridge. Purified samples were analyzed by LC-MS(n). Possible metabolites were discovered by comparing the full scan and SIM chromatograms of the test samples with the corresponding blanks and analyzing the retention time, quasi-molecular ion and fragment ion of all chromatograms. Nine phase I metabolites and four phase II metabolites were identified in rat urine. One of the metabolites was found first time in living body. The metabolites were formed via the following metabolic pathways: O-demethylation, N-demethylation, hydroxylation, N-oxidation and conjugation. The method can be used to identify tramadol and its metabolites in other animals and human.

Effect of allogenic adipose-derived stem cell grafting on serum biochemical indicators and sporting ability of endurance trained rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on serum biochemical indicators and sporting ability in highly endurance-trained rats from a fasciological perspective.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ADSCs were cultured in vitro. Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the blank control group, overtraining (model) group, transplantation without training group and overtraining plus transplantation group. The rats in the two overtraining groups were subjected to exhaustive swimming for 1 week, and in the two transplantation groups, cultured allogeneic ADSCs (2×10(6)/ml) were injected via the tail vein. The exhaustion time in swimming and the serum levels of BUN, LDH, BLa, and Hb of the rats were recorded after the treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats in the model group showed significantly increased serum BUN, LDH and BLa levels and decreased Hb level with a extended exhaustion time as compared with those in the blank control group (P<0.01). The BUN, LDH and BLa was significantly lower, Hb level higher and the exhaustion time significantly longer in the overtraining plus transplantation group than those in the model group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ADSCs can effectively prolong the exhaustion time of rats during exhaustive swimming and enhance their sporting ability.</p>

Analysis of primary metabolites of tramadol in rat urine by LC-MS(n / 药学学报

Tramadol and its metabolites in rat urine were identified by LC-MS(n). Rat urine samples of 0-36 h were collected after ip 9.0 mg x kg(-1) tramadol, then the samples were enriched and purified through solid-phase extraction cartridge. Purified samples were analyzed by LC-MS(n). Possible metabolites were discovered by comparing the full scan and SIM chromatograms of the test samples with the corresponding blanks and analyzing the retention time, quasi-molecular ion and fragment ion of all chromatograms. Nine phase I metabolites and four phase II metabolites were identified in rat urine. One of the metabolites was found first time in living body. The metabolites were formed via the following metabolic pathways: O-demethylation, N-demethylation, hydroxylation, N-oxidation and conjugation. The method can be used to identify tramadol and its metabolites in other animals and human.

Effects of hydrogen sulfide on myocardial mitochondrial injury during acute myocardial ischemia in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on mitochondrial function in acute myocardial ischemia in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acute myocardial ischemia models were established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADC) of rats. Fourty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8): sham operation group, ischemia group, ischemia + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) low, middle and high dose groups and ischemia + DL-proparglycine(PPG) group. The ultrastructures of myocardial mitochondria were observed with electron microscope. The content of H2S in plasma and the activity of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) in myocardial tissue of rats were respectively detected. The swelling and activity of myocardial mitochondria were determined. The activities of ATPase, GSH-Px, SOD and the content of malondial-dehyde (MDA) in myocardial mitochondria of rats were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those of the sham operation group, the content of H2S in plasma, the activity of CSE in myocardial tissue and the activity of myocardium mitochondria were significantly decreased. The activities of ATPase, SOD, GSH-Px in myocardial mitochondria were significantly decreased, The content of malondial dehyde(MDA) in myocardial mitochondria and the swelling of mitochondria were distinctly increased in the ischemia group (P < 0.01). Compared with those of the ischemia group, the content of H2S in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardial tissue were increased, and the activities of mitochondria, ATPase, SOD, and GSH-Px in myocardial mitochondria were significantly increased in ischemia + NaHS low, middle and high-dose groups; the swelling of mitochondria and the content of MDA in myocardial mitochondria were significantly decreased in ischemia + NaHS middle and high-dose groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The administration of PPG could partially reduce the myocardial protection of hydrogen sulfide (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It could be concluded that the administration of hydrogen sulfide could enhance the activities of mitochondrial ATPase, SOD, GSH-Px, decrease the level of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and play a protective effect against acute myocardial ischemia.</p>