The prevalence evaluation and influencing factors analysis of depressive symptom in residents: a cross-sectional study based on eight residency training centers in Liaoning Province / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of depression symptoms in residents, and to analyze the demographic characteristics, training status and psychological influencing factors in order to provide the evidence for the mental health management and intervention of residents in China at current stage.Methods:A total of 1 050 participants from eight different training centers in Shenyang, Dalian, Jinzhou and Fushun of Liaoning Province were investigated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index, International physical activity questionnaire, Survey of perceived organizational support, Psychological capital questionnaire and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, which covered questions including social demographic information, training information, sleep status, physical activity, organization support, psychological capital, job satisfaction and depressive symptoms of residents. SPSS 22.0 were used to carry out statistical analysis such as logistic regression.Results:A total of 962 valid questionnaires were collected and the results showed that 44.59% (429/962) of residents had depressive symptoms. High training grade ( ORPGY-3=1.775, P=0.006) and poor quality of sleep ( OR=1.662, P<0.001) were risk factors of depressive symptoms, whereas psychological capital ( OR=0.962, P<0.001) and job satisfaction ( OR=0.972, P=0.001) were protective factors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion:The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in residents. Training grade, sleep quality, psychological capital and job satisfaction are closely associated with the high prevalence of depressive symptoms, which should be paid more attention to.

Optimized study of an in vitro 3D culture of preantral follicles in mice

Background@#in vitro culture of preantral follicles is a promising technology for fertility preservation. @*Objectives@#This study aims to investigate an optimized three-dimensional (3D) fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free preantral follicle culture system having a simple and easy operation. @*Methods@#The isolated follicles from mouse ovaries were randomly divided in an ultra-low attachment 96-well plates supplement with FBS or bovine serum albumin (BSA) culture or encapsulated with an alginate supplement with FBS or BSA culture. Meanwhile, estradiol (E 2 ) concentration was assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of culture supernatants. The diameter of follicular growth was measured, and the lumen of the follicle was photographed. Spindle microtubules of oocytes were detected via immunofluorescence.The ability of oocytes to fertilize was assessed using in vitro fertilization. @*Results@#The diameters were larger for the growing secondary follicles cultured in ultra-low attachment 96-well plates than in the alginate gel on days 6, 8, and 10 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the E 2 concentration in the BSA-supplemented medium was significantly higher in the alginate gel than in the other three groups on days 6 and 8 (p < 0.05), and the oocytes in the FBS-free system could complete meiosis and fertilization in vitro. @*Conclusions@#The present study furnishes insights into the mature oocytes obtained from the 3D culture of the preantral follicle by using ultra-low attachment 96-well plate with an FBSfree system in vitro and supports the clinical practices to achieve competent, mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization.

Comparison of screw placement guided by O-arm navigation and ultrasound volume navigation in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effectiveness of O-arm navigation and ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) in guiding screw placement during minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) surgery.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients who underwent MIS-TLIF surgery for lumbar disc herniation between June 2022 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to group A (screw placement guided by UVN during MIS-TLIF) or group B (screw placement guided by O-arm navigation during MIS-TLIF), with 30 cases in each group. There was no significant difference in baseline data, including gender, age, body mass index, and surgical segment, between the two groups ( P>0.05). Intraoperative data, including average single screw placement time, total radiation dose, and average single screw effective radiation dose, were recorded and calculated. Postoperatively, X-ray film and CT scans were performed at 10 days to evaluate screw placement accuracy and assess facet joint violation. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyses were used to observe the relationship between the studied parameters (average single screw placement time and screw placement accuracy grading) and BMI.@*RESULTS@#The average single screw placement time in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A, and the total radiation dose of single segment and multi-segment and the average single screw effective radiation dose in group B were significantly higher than those in group A ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total radiation dose between single segment and multiple segments in group B ( P>0.05), while the total radiation dose of multiple segments was significantly higher than that of single segment in group A ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the accuracy of screw implantation between the two groups ( P>0.05). In both groups, the grade 1 and grade 2 screws broke through the outer wall of the pedicle, and no screw broke through the inner wall of the pedicle. There was no significant difference in the rate of facet joint violation between the two groups ( P>0.05). In group A, both the average single screw placement time and screw placement accuracy grading were positively correlated with BMI ( r=0.677, P<0.001; r=0.222, P=0.012), while in group B, neither of them was correlated with BMI ( r=0.224, P=0.233; r=0.034, P=0.697).@*CONCLUSION@#UVN-guided screw placement in MIS-TLIF surgery demonstrates comparable efficiency, visualization, and accuracy to O-arm navigation, while significantly reducing radiation exposure. However, it may be influenced by factors such as obesity, which poses certain limitations.

Study on promoter methylation status of glutathione transferase mu5 gene in MDS and its significance / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of methylation status of glutathione transferase mu5 (GSTM5) promoter region in the occurrence and development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and provide a new potential molecular marker for the early diagnosis of MDS.Method:Bone marrow blood samples were collected from 40 patients with initial diagnosis of MDS [5 cases of MDS with single dysplasia (MDS-SLD), 7 cases of MDS with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD), 6 cases of MDS with ringed sideroblasts (MDS-RS), 13 patients with refractory with excess blast-1 (RAEB1), 9 patients with refractory with excess blast-2 (RAEB2)], 8 patients with AML secondary to MDS and 6 patients with non-malignant blood diseases(4 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 2 patients with nutritional megaloblastic anemia) in PLA General Hospital from October 2018 to June 2021. Methylation status of the promoter region of GSTM5 gene in three groups were detected by the Agena MassArray nucleic acid mass spectrometry. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test (non-normally distributed data, median (IQR)] was used to compare the methylation levels of GSTM5 gene in different groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the test.Results:Cluster analysis showed that the methylation status of GSTM5 in MDS group was higher than that in control group [0.50 (0.27, 0.79) vs.0.29(0.10, 0.45), P<0.05]; The methylation status of GSTM5 in sAML group was significantly higher than that in MDS group [0.67 (0.36, 0.86) vs. 0.50 (0.27, 0.79), P<0.05].The differences in the methylation status of each CpG site were analyzed, and there were statistically significant differences between the MDS group and the control group at CpG_1, CpG_4, 5, CpG_6, 7, 8, CpG_11, CpG_13, 14, CpG_15, CpG_16, CpG_22 and CpG_24 sites ( P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the CpG_6, 7, 8 site curves was the largest, with AUC=0.861(95% CI 0.717-1.000; P<0.05), and the sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 83%, respectively. By analyzing the relationship between GSTM5 methylation and MDS disease development, GSTM5 methylation levels were significantly increased in the higher bone marrow blast group and the high-risk subgroup (RAEB). Conclusion:Aberrant DNA promoter methylation of GSTM5 was a frequent event in MDS and may play an important role in the occurrence and development of MDS. It might be served as a promising biomarker in the diagnosis of MDS.

The diagnosis and treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: 10 years of experience / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) diagnosed and treated in our hospital during the past 10 years.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From 2011 to 2021, 126 eyes of 67 patients with PVRL who were diagnosed and treated in Department of Ophthalmology, Eye-ENT Hospital, Fudan University were included in the study. Among them, there were 23 males (34.3%, 23/67) and 44 females (65.7%, 44/67); the average age was 57.1 years. There were 59 cases with both eyes (88.1%, 59/67) and 8 cases with one eye (11.9%, 8/67). At the initial eye diagnosis, 22 cases had a clear history of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL); 5 cases were found to have intracranial lesions by head imaging examination; 40 cases had no central nervous system involvement. Twenty cases were treated with glucocorticoids due to misdiagnosed uveitis. All patients received intravitreal injection of methotrexate (IVM) treatment. The treatment regimen was twice a week in the induction period for 2 weeks, once a week in the consolidation period for 1 month, and once a month in the maintenance period. Patients with PCNSL or both eyes received concurrent systemic chemotherapy (chemotherapy), and some in combination with radiation therapy to the brain (radiotherapy). The mean follow-up time was 39.3 months. The clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The visual acuity before and after treatment was compared by t test. Results:Among the 22 cases with a clear history of PCNSL at the initial eye diagnosis, the average time from intracranial diagnosis to eye diagnosis was 22.9 months. Among the 40 cases without central nervous system involvement at first, 14 cases (20.9%, 14/67) developed central nervous system lesions during follow-up period. The mean time from ocular diagnosis to intracranial diagnosis was 9.9 months. Among the 126 eyes, 42 eyes (33.3%, 42/126) had anterior segment inflammation. vitreous inflammation type, retinal type, and vitreous retinal type were 58 (46.0%, 58/126), 7 (5.6%, 7/126), and 61 (48.4%, 61/126) eyes, and 9 of them (7.1%, 9/126) had optic nerve involvement at the same time. Patients received an average of 12 IVM treatments. IVM combined with systemic chemotherapy in 59 cases (88.1%, 59/67), of which 16 cases were combined with brain radiotherapy. All patients achieved complete remission after completing the treatment cycle (100.0%, 67/67). After treatment, 21 eyes (16.7%, 21/126) had ocular recurrence; 22 (32.8%, 22/67) had intracranial recurrence; 8 cases (11.9%, 8/67) died. The mean progression-free survival of patients was 23.7 months; the mean survival time was 43.6 months; the 5-year overall survival rate was 72.5%.Conclusions:The manifestations of PVRL are complex and diverse, and most of them are accompanied by involvement of the central nervous system. It can be divided into vitreitis type, retinal type and vitreoretinal type, and the optic nerve can be involved at the same time; IVM combined with systemic treatment can completely relieve the disease.

Changes of viral DNA load in the early stages of antiviral treatment in varicella zoster virus-induced acute retinal necrosis / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-DNA load in aqueous humour samples in VZV-induced acute retinal necrosis (ARN) in the early stages of antiviral treatment.Methods:A retrospective observational clinical study. From April 2016 to April 2018, 24 patients with 24 eyes of VZV-induced ARN who were diagnosed by Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University and received complete aqueous humor sampling were included in the study. Among them, there were 13 males with 13 eyes, 11 females with 11 eyes; 12 left eyes and 12 right eyes; the age was 52.0±9.5 years old (39-71 years old). The time from the onset of ocular symptoms to the diagnosis of ARN was 16.6±6.1 days (7-30 days). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and ultra-wide-field fundus imaging were performed in all affected eyes. The BCVA examination was carried out using the Snellen visual acuity chart, which was converted into the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. All patients were given intravitreal injection of 40 mg/ml ganciclovir 0.1 ml (including 4 mg of ganciclovir), 2 times a week, until the active necrotizing retinal lesions subsided, at most after the diagnosis 4 weeks, with a maximum of 9 injections. The follow-up period was 12.8±5.6 months. The aqueous humor samples were collected at presentation and 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after the initiation of antiviral therapy, and the VZV-DNA load was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A plateau phase and a logarithmic reduction phase of the DNA load changes were observed after antiviral treatment began. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare and analyze the differences in BCVA between the eyes at baseline and last follow-up.Results:The mean viral load at presentation was 8.6×10 7±1.3×10 8 copies/ml. The initial plateau phase last for an average of 7.4±2.4 days. In the following logarithmic reduction phase, the mean slope of the decline in viral load was -0.13±0.04 log/day, and the expected time for half reduction of the initial viral load was 2.5±0.7 days. After 28 days antiviral treatment, the viral load decreased to 1.7×10 5±1.8×10 5 copies/ml. In the course of the disease, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occurred in 16 eyes. Before treatment and at the last follow-up, the logMAR BCVA of the affected eye was 1.1±0.6 and 0.8±0.7, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the logMAR BCVA at the last follow-up was correlated with the initial VZV-DNA load ( r=0.467, P=0.033). Conclusion:The VZV-DNA load in the aqueous humor of eyes with VZV-induced ARN is significantly decreased after antiviral treatment, which is closely related to the clinical process of ARN.

Analysis of staged two-way evaluation results of Milestones evaluation system on obstetrics and gynecology residents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To evaluate the standardized residency training of obstetrics and gynaecology in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University with Milestones evaluation system of obstetrics and gynecology, and to evaluate the feedback effect of the system.Methods:An improved Milestones evaluation form was developed to evaluate the self-evaluation and clinical tutor's scores, collect the results and make a statistical analysis of the 1-3 years standardized training residents of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in September 2019. GraphPad Prism 8 software was used for data collection and statistical analysis, and Box-Plots software was used for drawing analysist. Descriptive statistics method was used for the general situation of the research objects. After the students' self-evaluation and tutor's scores passed the normal distribution and variance homogeneity test, paired t test was performed, and the scores of residents from different sources were analyzed by variance analysis. Results:A total of 164 residents of obstetrics and gynaecology were evaluated, and there were significant differences between self-evaluation and teacher's evaluation in medical knowledge, learning ability and system work ( P<0.05). The competency scores of the first year residents ranged from 3.003 to 4.556, and at the end of the course they increased to 4.921 to 5.974, showing statistically significant differences in each item compared with the first year ( P<0.001). After three years of training, residents from different sources showed significant improvement ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The Milestones evaluation system of the obstetrics and gynecology can be used for the training assessment and feedback of the residents in obstetrics and gynecology specialty. The self-assessment of residents helps to understand the level of self-assessment, and the teacher's evaluation helps to correct the bias generated by self-assessment. The systematic and staged Milestones evaluation system can instruct the clinical tutors to instruct the residents in accordance with their aptitude, and give feedback on the training effect of the residency training base.

The transcriptional study of tetramethylpyrazine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine ( TMP ) on cerebral ischemia/reper¬fusion ( I/R) injury in diabetes mellitus ( DM ) rats based on full-length transcriptome sequencing tech¬nique and the underlying mechanism. Methods The rat model of DM was induced by intraperitoneal injec- tion of streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg • kg" ) . The global cerebral I/R model of rats was established by double vessel occlusion (2-VO) for 10 min and reperfusion for 16 h. TMP (40 mg • kg ) was injected intraperitone-ally every day. Brain water content detection, HE stai¬ning, Nissl staining and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of TMP on cerebral I/R injury in DM rats. The differentially expressed genes were screened by full-length transcriptome se¬quencing. The possible candidate genes and metabolic pathways of TMP for cerebral ischemia protection in DM rats were screened by functional annotation and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, and verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results TMP treatment could reduce the degree of brain edema, increase the number of Nissl bodies and neurons, and significantly reduce cell necrosis and apoptosis after cerebral I/R in DM rats. GO enrichment analysis showed that the dif¬ferentially expressed genes after TMP treatment were mainly enriched in biological functions such as inflam¬matory response, transcription factor complex, growth factor activity and so on. KEGG pathway analysis showed that it was mainly concentrated in apoptosis, Toll-like receptor and other signaling pathways. Among them TMP down-regulated genes included TLR2, MyD88, IL-lp, Caspase-3, etc. The results of RT-qPCR and Western blot confirmed that TMP could down-regulate TLR2, MyD88, NF-KB, IL-10, IL-6 and Caspase-3 , and up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2. Conclusions TMP may amelio¬rate neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting inflammatory re¬sponse, which improves cerebral I/R injury in DM rats, and the pathway may be TLR2/MyD88/NF-KB signaling pathway.

Levels and variation of radon equilibrium factor in an office of Nanning city / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To study the levels and variation of equilibrium factor in indoor environment.Methods:A one-year continuous measurement of radon concentration and equilibrium equivalent radon concentration was carried out in an indoor office building of Nanning city. The effective data acquisition rates of radon gas and radon progeny were 99.9% and 86.7%, respectively.Results:The annual average activity concentration and equilibrium equivalent radon concentration in indoor environment were (50.9±20.7)and (15.5±10.1)Bq/m 3, both of which had the same diurnal and seasonal variation. The average annual value of equilibrium factor was 0.30±0.12, showing no obvious diurnal variation. The distribution of monthly mean value of equilibrium factor showed a similar trend to that of radon and radon progeny. The highest and the lowest value appeared in November and June, respectively, with 0.47±0.24 and 0.19±0.06. Conclusions:Due to the large variation range of monthly mean value of equilibrium factor in indoor environment, when annual effective dose of radon exposure was estimated based on radon gas concentration, attention should be paid to choose the quantity value of equilibrium factor and the uncertainty caused by the change of equilibrium factor should be considered.

Dynamic changes of volatile components in Forsythia suspensa at different harvest periods based on GC-MS and chemometrics analysis / 中国中药杂志

Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa and the volatile compounds are its main bioactive components. According to the different harvest periods, F. suspensa can be divided into Qingqiao(mature F. suspensa) and Laoqiao(ripe F. suspensa). To investigate dynamic changes of volatile components in Qingqiao and Laoqiao samples collected at different periods, the present study extracted and analyzed the total volatile oils in Qingqiao and Laoqiao samples(four harvest periods for Qingqiao and two for Laoqiao) by steam distillation method. The results indicated that the content of volatile oils in F. suspensa samples at different harvest periods was significantly different. The content of volatile oils in Qingqiao samples(except those harvested in the first period) was higher than that of Laoqiao, and the content of volatile oils in both Qingqiao and Laoqiao increased with the harvest period. Furthermore, volatile compounds in F. suspensa were qualitatively analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and 28 volatile compounds were identified. Chemometrics analyses including principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were further applied to explore differential markers and dynamic changes of volatile components in Qingqiao and Laoqiao samples at different harvest periods. Finally, four volatile compounds, including α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, and 4-terpenol were selected as potential differential markers. The relative content of α-pinene and 4-terpenol was consistent with that of total volatile oils in the changing trend.

Research on the multi-campus construction of public hospitals: Peking Union Medical College Hospital as an example / 中华医院管理杂志

Multi-campus operation is an important and effective means for high-quality development of public hospitals and balanced layout of high-quality medical resources. By way of literature review, the study identified problems encountered in the construction of multi-campus hospitals in China, with a tertiary general hospital cited as a case example. The authors introduced its multi-campus development practice from such aspects as campus discipline layout, homogeneous operation, performance assessment, management mode and cultural construction, along with suggestions for such practice in China.

Macular vessel defects for Coats' disease associated with subfoveal fibrotic nodule / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate macular microvascular abnormalities in eyes with subfoveal fibrotic nodules secondary to Coats' disease.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From January 1, 2018 to July 30, 2021, 45 eyes of 45 patients diagnosed with Coats' disease with or without subfoveal fibrotic nodules in Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University were included in this study. There were 40 eyes in 40 males and 5 eyes in 5 females. All were under 21 years old. According to the presence or absence of subfoveal fiber nodules, the patients were divided into fibrotic group (26 cases, 26 eyes) and non-fibrotic group (19 cases, 19 eyes). Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to scan 3 mm×3 mm or 6 mm×6 mm macular area of both eyes. The software of the device automatically processed the images. The presence of FAZ edge anastomotic vascular arch ring breakage and abnormal microvascular branch (AMB) in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were observed.Results:In 26 eyes of fibrosis group, AMB originating from the parafoveal retinal capillary network was observed, which grew into and destroyed the integrity of the vascular arch ring at the edge of FAZ. AMB was crisscrossing and winding, and its curvature expands. B-scan images showed the blood flow signal in the subfoveal fiber nodule, and the blood flow signal traversed between the inner retina and the fiber nodule in 23 eyes (88.46%, 23/26). In the non-fibrosis group, all the vascular abnormalities were characterized by capillary dilation and defect, and no breakage of FAZ anastomotic vascular arch ring or AMB was observed.Conclusions:In Coats' disease with subfoveal fiber nodules, staggered and dilated AMBs emerge from the parafoveal vascular network, grow into and destroy the integrity of the vascular arch ring at the edge of FAZ, and grow down longitudinally into the fiber nodules.

The progress in treatment of type 1 of Stargardt disease / 中华眼底病杂志

Stargardt disease (STGD) is one of the most prevalent inherited macular dystrophy, and most often occurs in child or adolescence. Irreversible vision loss is observed in almost all cases. Type 1 (STGD1) is one of the most common type. It is an autosomal recessive condition, caused by mutations in the Abca4 gene. In recent years, encouraging progress has been made in the treatment of STGD1. C20-D3-retinyl acetate (ALK- 001), fenretinide and ICR-14967 (A1120) as visual cycle modulators, StarGen as gene supplementation therapies, and the stem cell transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells are the most promising therapies. With the development of studies and clinical trials, the clinical application of various treatments of STGD1 are expected in the near feature, which are expected to save the vision of most patients.

Association between ambient black carbon concentration and hospital visits of childhood asthma / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:Exposure to pollutants may induce aggravation of asthma in children through various ways.Ambient black carbon(BC)is a typical pollutant in Northeast China, and there has been no research report on the relationship between atmospheric BC exposure and childhood asthma in Northeast China.This study is to investigate the association between the atmospheric concentration of BC and hospital visits of daily childhood asthma.Methods:During the period of January 1 to August 31 in 2019, 52 653 hospital visits of childhood asthma children were recorded in several hospitals in Shenyang.A time series analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the atmospheric concentration of BC and hospital visits of daily childhood asthma.Results:During the study period, the total number of children with asthma in outpatient and emergency departments in Shenyang was 52 653, the average concentration of BC was 2.58 mg/m 3.Increased concentrations of BC(2.00~10.03 mg/m 3)( RR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.07~1.28)and NO 2(0~88 μg/m 3)( RR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.06~ 1.39)were significantly associated with elevated number of childhood asthma in outpatient and emergency departments( P< 0.05). The highest cumulative effect of increased pollutants on children′s asthma within 10 days was BC( RR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.23~2.08). Conclusion:There is a positive association between BC concentration and hospital visits of childhood asthma, the accumulative effect of BC on childhood asthma is greater than other pollutants.

Adherence to Cancer Prevention Guidelines and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#The evidence of adherence to cancer prevention guidelines and endometrial cancer (EC) risk has been limited and controversial. This study summarizes and quantifies the relationship between adherence to cancer prevention guidelines and EC risk. @*Materials and Methods@#The online databases PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for relevant publications up to June 2, 2020. This study had been registered at PROSPERO. The registration number is CRD42020149966. Study quality evaluation was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The I2 statistic was used to estimate heterogeneity among studies. Egger’s and Begg’s tests assessed potential publication bias. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship between adherence to cancer prevention guidelines score was assigned to participants by summarizing individual scores for each lifestyle-related factor. The scores ranged from least healthy (0) to most healthy (20) and the EC risk was calculated using a randomeffects model. @*Results@#Five prospective studies (four cohort studies and one case‑cohort study) consisted of 4,470 EC cases, where 597,047 participants were included. Four studies had a low bias risk and one study had a high bias risk. Summary EC HR for the highest vs. lowest score of adherence to cancer prevention guidelines was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.73) and had a high heterogeneity (I2=86.1%). For the dose-response analysis, an increment of 1 significantly reduced the risk of EC by 6%. No significant publication bias was detected. @*Conclusion@#This study suggested that adherence to cancer prevention guidelines was negatively related to EC risk.

Progress of ascites in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Owing to its insidious onset, the diagnosis of ovarian cancer is usually delayed and followed with ascites, which results in a poor prognosis compared to other gynecological malignant tumors. Ascites, a pathological accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, contains a variety of cellular and non-cellular components, which promotes tumor metastasis, leads to chemotherapy resistance, and seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. In this article, the basic characteristics and the recent progress of ascites in ovarian cancer are reviewed, so as to provide references for further research.

Measurement and evaluation of the quadriceps muscle mass in young men based on magnetic resonance imaging / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between the quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) and quadriceps muscle volume (QMV) at different horizontal levels from the upper edge of the patella, and to determine the best observation position.@*METHODS@#Thigh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 22 Chinese young men [age: (29±6) years] with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture were examined. The CSA was measured at 18, 15, and 12 cm above the upper edge of the pate-lla (denoted by CSA-18, CSA-15 and CSA-12 respectively), and the QMV and CSA were determined by semiautomatic segmentation. A curve model was established to estimate QMV. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to determine the confidence limits of the volumes.@*RESULTS@#On the unaffected side, the mean QMV was (1 944.45±323.77) cm3. The quadriceps CSA at the upper edge of the patella at 18, 15, and 12 cm was (80.80±12.16) cm2, (77.53±12.03) cm2, and (72.68±10.51) cm2, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2), ascertained using curve estimation models, for the 3 positions were 0.819, 0.755, and 0.684 (P < 0.001), and the standard deviations of the volume estimated value (SEE) were 7.4%, 8.7%, and 9.8%. The fitting equations of the three horizontal positions were all good, but the fitting degree of CSA-18 was the highest. The Bland-Altman scatter plot showed that the arithmetic means of the QMV at 18, 15 and 12 cm from the upper edge of the patella 0.8 cm3, -1.1 cm3, and 0.9 cm3 and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were (-268.8, 270.5), (-315.2, 313.1), and (-355.7, 357.5), respectively. The estimated QMV was in good agreement with the measured value. The difference between the estimated CSA-18 and measured values was the smallest. The results on the affected side were consistent.@*CONCLUSION@#The correlation between QMV and CSA in the young men with the upper edge of patella as baseline was reliable and consistent. Among them, CSA-18 had the highest correlation with the QMV. However, different observation sites could be selected for different injuries of the quadriceps.

Research Progress on Application of Sports Beverage to Post-exercise Fluid Restoration / 中国医学科学院学报

A good hydration status is important to the exercise performance and cognitive function of exercisers.The effective restoration of fluid balance after exercise is helpful to prevent dehydration,maintain body fluid balance,accelerate fatigue recovery,and enhance exercise performance.As the most effective sports nutrition supplement,sports beverage has different ingredients and formulas,and also has various effects.To provide clues for the development of sports beverage,this article reviews the types,components,effects,and mechanisms of sports beverage currently used in post-exercise fluid restoration.

Characteristics and Management of High-risk Maternal Patients in General Tertiary Hospital / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the characteristics of high-risk maternal patients and evaluate the multidisciplinary medical care system we established correspondingly. Method We collected and analyzed the medical records of high-risk maternal patients who received medical care from January 1,2017 to December 31,2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Results Ninety-eight high-risk maternal patients were included in this study,and 84.7%(83/98)of them were combined with different severe systemic diseases.Under the multidisciplinary medical care system,91 patients showed improved conditions and were discharged,and the other 7 cases had poor prognosis. Conclusions General tertiary hospitals in Beijing are receiving maternal patients with more high-risk complications.Considering the high risk and diverse diseases of maternal patients admitted to our hospital,we established a medical care system composed of a multidisciplinary panel of experts for high-risk maternal patients to improve the medical care and prognosis of the patients with high efficiency.

Effect of the Seasonal Adaptability on Carbohydrate-electrolyte Beverage Efforts on Post-exercise Rehydration in Healthy Young Men / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on post-exercise rehydration of healthy young men in different seasons,and to explore the influence of seasonal adaptability on fluid and electrolyte balance.Methods Fifteen healthy men,aged(24.4±0.5)years,completed 2 trails in a random crossover design both in summer and winter.During recovery,they consumed a drink volume equivalent to 100% of their sweat loss with plain boiled water(the water group)or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage(the beverage group).Recovery was monitored for further 180 minutes by the collection of blood and urine samples.Results The dehydration time in summer was significantly shorter by about 20 minutes than that in winter(