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Bladder cancer is a kind of urothelial cancer with high incidence and heterogeneity. From superficial bladder tumors to muscular invasive malignant tumors, due to their high-frequency recurrence and metastatic characteristics, they are inherently refractory. Although a comprehensive treatment with surgery as the main focus while chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy as a supplement has been formed, the limitations of chemotherapy regimens, the unpopularity of radiotherapy, and the low efficiency of immunotherapy, make clinical decision-making still difficult. Recently, a number of targeted therapies have emerged in bladder cancer and have shown good responses. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel are novel therapeutic targets and current research hotspots in bladder cancer. This review discusses the anti-tumoral molecular mechanism of TRP channel in bladder cancer, its feasibility as a potential therapeutic target, and the prospects of drug combination to sensitize platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Objective To detect the serum levels of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL 2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA),and to analyze their value in the differential diagnosis of RA in order to clarify whether they are synergetic in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods Seventy-seven patients with RA and 25 subjects for heath check-up in the same period were selected.According to the relevant clinical information,the RA patients were divided into three subgroups:high disease activity group [(DAS28)＞5.1],moderate disease activity group (3.2＜DAS28 ≤5.1),low disease activity group (DAS28 ≤3.2).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to masure the levls of ANGPTL2 and VEGF of those groups.The data were analyzed by t test,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis H test and Speraman correlation analysis.Results ① The serum levels of ANGPTL2 and VEGF in RA patients were significantly higher than those in control group [(5.3±1.1) ng/ml vs (3.3±0.9) ng/ml,Z=-6.644;(106±30) pg/ml vs (93±12) pg/ml,Z=-4.4115,P＜0.05].② Serum level of ANGPTL2 in RA patients with high disease activity was higher than low disease group and healthy control group {[5.7(1.3)] ng/ml vs [4.5(0.3)]ng/ml,H=4.257,P＜0.05;[5.7 (1.3)] ng/ml vs [3.3 (0.9)] ng/ml,H=7.639,P＜0.05}.Serum level of VEGF in RA patients with high disease activity was higher than low disease group and healthy control group {[116(37)]pg/ml vs [96(8)] pg/ml,H=3.579,P＜0.05;[116(37)] pg/ml vs [92.90(12.24)] pg/ml,H=5.698,P＜0.05].③ There was a positive correlation between the serum level of ANGPTL2 and DAS28 score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,swollen joint count and tender joint count (rDAS28=0.703,rESR=0.311,rSJC=0.503,rTJC=0.670,P＜0.05),so was VEGF (rDAS28=0.553,rESR=0.260,rSJC=0.399,rTJC=0.538,P＜0.05).④ In RA patients,there was a positive correlation between ANGPTL2 and VEGF (r=0.853,P＜0.05).Conclusion ANGPTL2 might coordinate with VEGF and be involved in the immune process of RA,and it might be regarded as one of the reference indexes of RA activity,so that it may contribute to access and monitor the condition of RA.
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ObjectiveTo study the changes of cellular immunity caused by intravenous infusion of allogenic rhesus mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).MethodsMSCs were isolated and cultured.Then the immunomodulatory effects after MSCs infusion were evaluated by means of peripheral blood counts,mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and analysis of lymphocytic subgroup. ResultsMSCs of rehsus were successfully cultivated. No acute toxicities or GVHD were observed in recipients. No obvious changes of peripheral blood counts were present. Recipients A2, A3, A4 were administered with MSC by 4.0 ×105/kg, 1.0 ×106/kg, 2.0×106/kg respectively and relative reaction (RR) of MLR decreased 14 days post MSCs infusion: from 46±2.6 ％to 40.4±1.73 ％ (F =10.19, P =0.023), from (40.9±2.3) ％ to (33±2.1) ％ (F =2.593, P =0.013), from 48.3±2.0 ％ to 39±1.0 ％ (F =28.431, P =0.003) respectively. The decrease degree (ARR) was positively related to the amount of MSCs(F =27.413, P =0.038). RR was restored within 30 days post MSCs infusion. After MSCs infusion, CD3+ CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes decreased in recipient A4, who was administered with the largest number of MSCs, and restored within 30 days. ConclusionMSCs infusion without any other treatment could temporarily inhibit immunity of T lymphocytes in MLR and the immunity inhibition was positively related to the amount of MSCs.The specific immunological characteristics of MSCs were demonstrated with extensive prospect in clinical research.
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Objective To explore the incidence ,clinical and neuroimaging features, possible risk factors and outcome of central nervous system (CNS) complications one year after hapilo-matched non-ablative hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Methods The medical records of 36 consecutive patients who underwent hapilo-matched non-ablative hematopoietic stem cells transplantation for malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases between February 2004 and May 2009 were reviewed. Results CNS complications occurred in six (16.7 %) patients. Four of the six patients (66.7 %) died. Cerebral infarction occurred in three (8.3 %) patients. Cerebral softenness occurred in two (5.6 %) patients. Cerebral hemarrage occurred in 1 (2.8 %) patient. Epilepsy occurred in 1 (2.8 %) patient. The CNS complications occurred between 12 days and 286 days after stem cells transplantation. The age illness status and death rate were statistically different compared to patients without CNS complications (P ＜0.05). Conclusion The incidence and mortality of CNS complications are higher in those who underwent hapilo-matched non-ablative hematopoietic stem cells transplantation,which will make impacts on the patients' life quality and outcome.The illness status and eldly are probably the risk factors.