RESUMEN
Aspiration is the entry of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract through the glottis, a common and important cause of death in elderly patients due to lung infections.However, a lack of accurate and rapid clinical methods for the diagnosis of aspiration leads to misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis or delayed diagnosis of aspiration, especially aspiration pneumonia.In recent years, with further research into the mechanisms of aspiration syndromes, multiple aspiration biomarkers with potential and clinical translational value have been found, and may help early detection of aspiration and have important and practical significance for elderly health.Therefore, this article reviews aspiration biomarkers such as pepsin, α-amylase, bile acid and other potential biomarkers as well as current relevant research, detection methods, their clinical value and prospects concerning challenges and directions of innovation in future research.