The effects of short- and long-term diet supplementation with Iranian propolis on the growth and immunity in rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss]

Propolis, a resinous substance collected by Apis mellifera bees from various plant sources is transformed in the presence of bee enzymes. Short- and long-term effects of diet supplementation with ethanol extract of Iranian propolis [EEIP] was investigated on growth and immunity in juvenile rainbow trout. The fish [mean body weight 30 +/- 3.2 g] were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0 [control], 1, 2 and 5 g/kg EEIP for 96 h and 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg EEIP for a 45-days. Rainbow trout growth performance significantly [P<0.05] increased by the dietary supplementation of Iranian propolis. Our results showed that significant increase in serum lysozyme activity, complement activity and total immunoglobulin were seen in all treatment groups during short- and longterm feeding trial when compared to the control group. On the basis of our findings, propolis improved rainbow trout growth performance and some immune parameters. Key words: Rainbow trout, Iranian propolis, Growth performance, Immunity

[Appearance of anatomical structures of mandible on panoramic radiographs [panorex X-ray] in patients who referred to dental school of Shahid Beheshti University]

Currently panoramic radiography is used for diagnostic dental, and bone lesions, but anatomical structures also can see, for example incisive canal.At present time incisive canal position is investigated in Iranian population. Panoramic radiographs were taken by Planmeca machine from 412 patients using standard exposure. The position of patient was in compliance with standard protocol. After that mandibular incisive canal was evaluated, and data were analyzed statistically. Mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve and incisive canal could be observed in 84.2, 66 and 51.7% of the cases. Respectively lingual foramen wich was observed in only 6.1% of the radiographs.Gender doesn't affect on the visibility of these structures.There was a relationship between mandibular foramen and canal with age among those six landmarks. The most percent of visibility of all the landmarks was in young group and adults [third and fourth decade]. Mandibular incisive canal was considered in 51.7% of cases, it was obsereved thatthe result obtained was more than those of other researches

[ Rare Variation of Right Subclavian Artery Origin from Posterior Surface of Aortic Arch]

Several variations of aortic arch have been reported yet. In present study another variation of aoictic arch was reported. Right subclavian artery arises from posterior surface of the distal end of the aortic arch we present a variation of an aorticarch in which right subclavian artery arises from posterior surface of the distal end of the aortic arch and passing behind esophagus to reach right side of neck. Conclusion: Review of literature showed that regarding origin of the artery this variation was reported for tile first time by the authors It seems that the artery narrowed the position the esophagus However there were not any other sign of side effect on anatomical structure and of their blood supply