Trapezius muscle activity in using ordinary and economically designed dentistry chairs

Most dentists complain of musculoskeletal disorders which can be caused by prolonged static posture, lack of suitable rest and other physical and psychological problems, We evaluated a chair with a new ergonomic design which incorporated forward leaning chest and arm supports. The chair was evaluated in the laboratory during task simulation and EMG analysis on 12 students and subjectively assessed by 30 professional dentists using an 18-item questionnaire. EMG activity of right and left trapezius muscles for 12 male students with no musculoskeletal disorders was measured while simulating common tasks like working on the teeth of the lower jaw. Normalized EMG data showed significant reduction [p<0.05] in all EMG recordings of the trapezius muscle. Dentists also unanimously preferred the economically designed chair. Such economically designed chairs should be introduced as early as possible in student training before bad postural habits are acquired

[Day clinic: a model for reducing the length of stay in hospitals]

Hospitals are the most essential and costly health care providers, allocating the highest percentage of expenses to inpatient wards. To cut down these costs, unnecessary length of stay should be shortened. The aim was to study the length of stay in day clinics, general, and private hospitals in Tabriz. The population in this descriptive-analytic study included all inpatients in day clinics, general, and private hospitals of Tabriz, offering adenotonsillectomy and cataract services. Samples [N=885] were randomly selected from six hospitals using a checklist the content validity of which was verified by the experts. Data analysis was carried out using frequency, frequency percent, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis test, Man Whitney U Test using SPSS software. For normal distribution, Kolomograve- Smirnove test was applied. The average length of stay for adenotonsillectomy and cataract in general, private hospitals, and day clinics were 1.60+/-0.929,1.88+/-0.375 and 1.00 +/-0.00 and 1.70+/-0, respectively .The results of dual comparison test indicated that the duration for adenotonsillectomy and cataract services were very different. This period was significantly less in private hospitals and day clinics [p0.005] concerning the length of stay for cataract services. The model of day clinics can be used to reduce expenses and improve the services provided by general and private hospitals