External human exposure and management immune system in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome

External exposed radiation may play an important role in pathogens of irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], although is thought to arise due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The result is dysregulated immune responses due to alteration in the gut microbiota population and the subsequent development of gut inflammation. It has recently been shown that the effect of ionizing radiation on T-cell lymphocytes might be a risk factor of IBS. This article tries to discuss the effects of low dose radiation on alternation in the population of beneficial members of the gastrointestinal tract flora. The result may be activated inflammatory response of mucosal immune status induced Toll like receptors. Lipopolysaccharides produced by most gram-negative bacteria of gastrointestinal tract play a role in the initiation and progress of the Toll like receptors in the intestines. Circulating cytokines and soluble receptors released by activated Th2 can regulate neuronal function via endocrine mechanisms. Disturbance of the cytokine-mediated interaction between cells may lead to neuronal dysfunction or sensory dysfunction, motor dysfunction, or both sensory and motor dysfunction in patient with IBS

[ effect of 7 weeks corrective exercise on thoracic kyphosis in hyper-kyphotic students]

Background and aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 7 weeks corrective exercise on kyphosis angle and the changes of the kyphosis angle after a 4 months period in the hyper-kyphotic male students

Methods: in this clinical trial, 25 volunteers with hyper kyphosis were selected in a proposed manner and randomly divided into two groups: experimental [12 persons] and control [13 persons]. Experimental group trained for 7 weeks, 3 times/week, 30-45 min/session. Kyphosis angle values were measured before, after and then 4 months post training period by spinal mouse device. Data were analyzed by SPSS.15 using the Varience analysis with Repeated Measure and Independent and Dependent t-tests

Results: There were significant differences between the means of kyphosis angle in pre-test [57.0+/- 4.7] and the first post-test [43.3+/- 4.7] and also 4 months after stopping the exersice [P<0.001] in experimental group, but no significant differences were seen between pre-test and 4 months after stopping the exercises [P=0.718] means. There were no significant differences between means of kyphosis in these time points in control group [P=0.572]

Conclusion: A 7 week corrective exercise period can be resulted in reduction of kyphosis angle in hyper-kyphotic male students. But by stopping the exercises completely, the kyphosis angle may increase again. It's recommended that these patients continue their exercises after treatment periods

[ effect of strengthening and endurance training on metabolic factors, quality of life and mental health in women with type II diabetes]

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which causes increased blood sugar, protein and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one term strengthening and endurance training on metabolic factors, quality of life and mental health in women with type 2 diabetes. In this semi-experimental investigation, 19 women with type ? diabetes mellitus from Araks Petroleum Company Clinic patients were selected and divided into two groups: strengthening [9 persons] and endurance [10 persons]. Patients were asked to perform selected exercises for 8 weeks [3 sessions/week, 30-50min/session]. Metabolic factors, such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, VLDL, LDL, FBS, HbA1c and insulin in serum were measured before and after intervention. SF-36 and GHQ questionnaires were also filled out for each patient. Data analyzing was performed by Paired T-test, using SPSS software ver.12. Results of this study showed that FBS, Hb[A1C], Insulin serum levels have been decreased and quality of life [QOL] and mental health [MH] have been increased in strengthening and endurance groups [P<0.05]. No significant changes were found for other metabolic factors [P>0.05]. Strengthening and endurance exercises are effective on some metabolic factors, quality of life and mental health in type 2 diabetic patients and can help to improve the disease

Multisectoral development for improved health outcomes: evaluation of community-based initiatives in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Community-based initiatives [CBI] are based on integrated multisectoral socioeconomic development with community participation and intersectoral support to improve the health and quality of life of the people. During 2005-06 the World Health Organization supported an evaluation of CBI in the Islamic Republic of Iran by collecting information from intervention villages on social capital and other indicators, with validation of the findings. The data showed some positive changes in the intervention areas compared with control villages. The evaluation suggests that the CBI approach is a useful tool for improving health and social indicators and providing mechanisms for community-based participation and intersectoral collaboration for health and development at the local level

[ effect of 8 weeks stretching exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in 15-17 aged high school student girls in Arak]

Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation is one of the most frequent female disorders. The aim of this investigation is studying the effects of one term stretching exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in high school student. In this semi-experimental study 179 students, 15-17 aged, not athlete and volunteer bachelor girls with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhea were selected from 6 high schools in two different city zones. Total numbers of the students were 519 ones. Selected high schools were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group [4 high schools, 124 persons] and control group [2 high schools, 55 persons]. In pre-test, all of subjects were studied for pain severity [1 to 10], pain duration and using sedative tablets in two continuous menstruation cycles. Post-test was given 8 weeks later. Data were analyzed using student t-test and nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Our results demonstrated that after 8 weeks, pain severity was decreased from 7.65 +/- 1.94 to 4.88 +/- 1.92, pain duration was decreased from 7.48 +/- 5.26 to 3.86+2.5 hours and finally, using sedative tablets was decreased from 1.65 +/- 1.02 to 0.79 +/- 0.69 tablets in experimental group [P<0.01]. No significant differences were observed between these parameters in control group [P>0.01]. The results of this study showed that stretching exercises are effective in reduction of pain severity, pain duration and also in reduction of using sedative tablets in girl students with primary dysmenorrhea

new role for Women Health Volunteers in urban Islamic Republic of Iran

An action research project was carried out by a team from the National Public Health Management Centre in Tabriz, Iran to test the following hypothesis: Health Volunteers are more able to support health improvements by focusing on community participation and empowerment through facilitating communities to define and solve their own problems than by only providing information on health problems. Training on participatory approaches was given to Women Health Volunteers [WHV] in a pilot area. The results gave evidence that local people could identify and act upon their own health needs and request more information from professionals to improve their own health. Further research is needed however to assess how the pilot can be scaled up and how initial enthusiasm can be sustained

Effect of ionizing radiation on development process of T-cell population lymphocytes in Chernobyl children

The aim of preliminary study was determined development process status of T-cell population lymphocytes in Ukrainian children after 22 years from Chernobyl accident for next feasibility study. 150 participants aged 6 to 16 years are included in three groups: Group I [n=65], 30 to 60 km from center accident at zone 3th, Group II [n=65] 60 to 90 km from same location at zone 4[th] and control group [n=20] from Kiev, 100 km from same location. Peripheral blood leukocytes from buffy coats were analyzed for T-lymphocytes population such as T-lymphocytes [CD3], T-helper [CD4] and T-cytotoxic [CD8] by roseting method using erythrocytes that conjugated with monoclonal antibody against CD3, CD4, and CD8 receptors; then CD4/CD8 ratio were calculated. Percentage of CD3 and CD4 in groups II and I decreased significantly in compared to control group at P<0.001. Percent of CD8 decreased significantly in group I compared to control group at P <0.001. CD4/ CD8 ratio decreased significantly in-group I comparison to control group at P=0.02. Leucocytes count in groups II and I have not changed significantly in comparison to control group [P=0.09,P=0.4] but in group II, it was significantly different in comparison to group I at P <0.008. Our data show that after 2 decade of Chernobyl accident, ionizing radiation may have affected the developmental processes of T-cell population

A kinetic approach to evaluate salinity effects on carbon mineralization in a plant residue-amended soil / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The interaction of salinity stress and plant residue quality on C mineralization kinetics in soil is not well understood. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effects of salinity stress on C mineralization kinetics in a soil amended with alfalfa, wheat and corn residues. A factorial combination of two salinity levels (0.97 and 18.2 dS/m) and four levels of plant residues (control, alfalfa, wheat and corn) with three replications was performed. A first order kinetic model was used to describe the C mineralization and to calculate the potentially mineralizable C. The CO(2)-C evolved under non-saline condition, ranged from 814.6 to 4842.4 mg CO(2)-C/kg in control and alfalfa residue-amended soils, respectively. Salinization reduced the rates of CO(2) evolution by 18.7%, 6.2% and 5.2% in alfalfa, wheat and corn residue-amended soils, respectively. Potentially mineralizable C (C(0)) was reduced significantly in salinized alfalfa residue-treated soils whereas, no significant difference was observed for control treatments as well as wheat and corn residue-treated soils. We concluded that the response pattern of C mineralization to salinity stress depended on the plant residue quality and duration of incubation.

Acute renal failure: analysis of aetiological factors and outcome

To analyse the causes of acute renal failure [ARF] and management and outcome in these cases. All patients with ARF coming to SlUT between January 1990 and December 1998 were studied. A total of 1716 ARF cases were seen. Of these 43% had medica1, 28%surgical and 17% obstetrical causes. Haemodialysis was required in 88% of patients. Overall mortality was 18%. Causes of ARF in this part of the world is different from the western world. Preventable causes e.g. gastroenteritis, obstetrical haemorrhages, torture induced rhabdomyolysis and malaria, contribute to large percentage of the ARF population

Basic development needs approach in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: from theory to practice

Poverty and health are mutually reinforcing and deprivation in one area produces negative effects in the other. Unfortunately at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of people living in absolute poverty continues to rise with grim health consequences. Many studies have clearly established that health is related to and influenced by a complex of environmental, social and economic factors ultimately related to each other. Therefore, actions undertaken outside of the health sector are likely to have effects much greater than those obtained through the health sector alone. Thus, the countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region have adopted basic development needs to address all the determinants of health collectively through community empowerment in order to transform social lifestyles and enhance human development. This article presents the contribution made by basic development needs in empowering local communities and vulnerable groups to acquire their essential needs through the efficient use of available resources. The assessment surveys of the ongoing programme conducted periodically in different countries have demonstrated significant reduction in poverty levels and improvement in quality of life indices pertaining to a wide range of fields, including health, nutrition and other social sectors