[Study the effect of inhalation of peppermint oil on depression and anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction who are hospitalized in intensive care units of Sirjan]

Background: a psychological reaction such as depression and anxiety is a complication of a heart attack. The aromatherapy is one of the processes in Complementary medicine to maintain mental health of diseases

Objective: this study aimed to investigate the effect of inhalation of essential oil on depression and anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Methods: this Clinical trial study was conducted in 70 heart attack patients by purposive sampling method and randomly divided in two groups [Intervention and control] who were hospitalized in intensive care units of Sirjan in year 2015. Data were collected by self-report DASS-21 questionnaires. In intervention group 0.2 ml of peppermint oil mixed with 2 ml of Normal saline and in control group 2 ml of normal Saline was poured on a gas and attached with clamp to the collar of patients for 20 minutes and inhaled it for 5 days. Before and after the intervention patients completed DASS-21 questionnaire. After collecting the data Inter to SPSS 21 software and using chi-square tests, t-test were analyzed

Results: the age of control and intervention groups was 57.62+/-11.48, 54.94+/-10.53 respectively. After aromatherapy in the intervention group in comparative of before intervention and control group, the level of anxiety and depression in patients significantly showed decreased [P=0.001]

Conclusion: according to the results of this study, treatment with peppermint oil can reduce depression and anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction, so its use is recommended in clinical situations

[Correlation between knowledge and satisfaction of patients from patient- physician relationship]

Introduction: Treatment of diseases is largely depended on the interaction between doctor and patient, and the result of cooperation with clinicians is rapid and successful treatment. Moreover, the relationship is one of the critical factors of the patients' satisfaction, especially next reference of patients. This study is aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and satisfaction of patients from patient- physician relationship at the hospital affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Materials and Methods: This study has been done in descriptive-correlational method on 309 people who referred to 11 teaching hospitals and medical which covered by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data was gathered through three questionnaires of [Knowledge of Physician-Patient Relationship], [Satisfaction of Physician-Patient Relationship] and [Physician-Patient Relationship]. Validity of the questionnaires was approved by 3 experts and the reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha [alpha=0.87, alpha =0.87, alpha =0.79]. Data analysis was performed by SPSS/16 and using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA

Findings: The mean score of knowledge and satisfaction of patients from physician-patient relationship was respectively, 2.09+/-0.5 and 6.58?34.08. Also, the average scores of correlation between physician and patient were 6.04+/-35.86, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between satisfaction levels of physician - patient relationship [P<0.01]. On the other hand, there wasn't a significant correlation between knowledge of physician- patient relationship and physician- patient relationship

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that patient' knowledge and satisfaction of physician-patients' relationship in Tabriz hospitals were high. It is recommended that a system to be designed to assess the relationship between physician and patient correctly until it give important information

Evaluation of serum lipids and lipoproteins and their correlations together, and with thyroid hormones in gray necked ostrich

To evaluate the concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins and their correlations together and with thyroid hormones in gray necked ostrich [Struthio camelus], the serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipids, very low density lipoproteins [VLDL-cholesterol], low density lipoproteins [LDL-cholesterol] and high density lipoproteins [HDL-cholesterol] and their correlations with tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine hormones were measured in 50 clinically healthy gray necked ostriches [30 male and 20 female] which were divided into three age groups. The mean serum concentrations +/- SE of cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipids, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were 102.62 +/-30.23, 120.22 +/-54.25, 458.96 +/- 106.37, 29.96 +/-6.737, 48.61 +/-23.11 and 24.04 +/- 10.85 mgr/dL, respectively. Also, the mean serum concentrations +/- SE of thyroxin and tri-iodothyronine hormones were 7.89 +/- 1.52 microg/dL and 2.54 +/- 1.31 ngr/mL, respectively

The mean serum concentration of the cholesterol, total lipids and T3 had a negative significant correlation and age [r = -0.340, P=0.016], [r = -0.335, P=0.017], [r = -0.282, P=0.047], and a marginally negative significant correlation was detected between HDL-cholesterol with age [r = -0.271, P=0.056]

Serum thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine had no significant correlation with the lipids and lipoprotein concentrations [r = -0.115, P=0.083], [r = -0.187, P=0.070]?

[Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera Spathe hydroalcoholic extract on chronic pain in mice]

In Persian traditional medicine, many medicinal plants have been used as analgesics; in which one of them is the distillate of Phoenix Dactylifera Spathe [PDS] known as "Tarooneh". This study was conducted to assess the antinociceptive effect of Tarooneh [PDS] hydro alcoholic extract on inflammatory pain induced by formaline in mice. In this study, 28 male albino mice weighting 25 - 30 grams, were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups. 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg PDS extract and vehicle were administered intraperitomeally to the test and control groups respectively in a volume of 10 ml/kg. Animals were subjected to Formalin test as an animal model for inflammatory pain assessment. Mean pain score induced by formalin test in control group was 1.665 +/- 0.0599 while in test groups receiving 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg PDS extract were 1.079 +/- 0.0666, 0.9192 +/- 0.0822 and 0.3842 +/- 0.0658 respectively. data from this study revealed that PDS extract, significantly and dose dependently, attenuated the inflammatory formalin induced pain in mice

[Effects of different doses of adenosine on sperm motility in infertile men]

One of the causes of male infertility is the lack of proper mobility. One way to deal with this problem is to add adenosine to human sperms in the laboratory. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of different doses of adenosine on sperm motility in the ejaculates of fertile and infertile individuals. In this experimental laboratory study, 60 samples of seminal fluid of infertile and fertile men who referred to Yazd Infertility Center were analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Sperm counts, morphology and motility [fast, slow and immotile] were studied. After using Swim-up technique, the washed samples were divided into 4 groups, containing doses of 0, 2, 5 and 10 mg adenosine. The sperm parameters were evaluated after the addition of adenosine. Data were analyzed statistically using paired Ttest and independent T-test. The initial assessment indicated significant differences in sperm parameters, except for slow motility between the two groups. In fertile group, dose of 5 mg adenosine increased sperm count, and rapid motility, but lowered the rates of sperm immotility at doses of 5 and 10 mg. In the infertile group, sperm count improved at dose of 5 mg adenosine, but it showed no effect on slow sperm motility. 5 mg adenosine also improved rapid sperm motility, but dose of 10 mg had no effect. Both 5 and 10 mg adenosine significantly lowered rates of immotile sperms. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that addition of 5 mg adenosine to washed sperms can improve sperm motility of infertile men in vitro

[Effects of zinc supplementation on the physical growth of 2-5 years old children]

Physical growth disorder in children, aged under 5-years, is a common health problem in developing countries, including Iran, where national studies have shown that the prevalence of stunted growth disorder is approximately 15 percent. The aim of this study was to determine effects of supplemental zinc on physical growth in children with retarded growth. The study was a 12-month community-based RCT which incorporated 6 months of zinc supplementation to 2-5-year-old children with height-for-age index less than the 25th percentile of NCHS [n=90]; children were assigned randomly into either the Zinc Group receiving 5 ml of a solution containing 5 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate [ZG, n=40] or the Placebo Group who received placebo [PG, n=45] daily [7d/wk] for 6 months. The children's weight, height, mid-upper arm, Z-score for height for age, weight for age and weight for height were measured at baseline and monthly for 12 months. Data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical package. Student-t test was used for comparing the means and chi-square and Fisher's exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. Eighty-five children completed [55.3% girls, 44.7% boys] the study supplementation; compliance with supplement consumption was 95-100% and the two groups were not significantly different. The means of total weight increments [Kg] among girls in the PG and ZG groups were 2 +/- 0.9 and 2.6 +/- 1.1 [PV=0.05], respectively and for boys were 2.1 +/- 0.8 and 2.7 +/- 0.8 [PV=0.04], respectively. The mean of total mid arm circumference increments [Cm] among girls in the PG and ZG groups were 1.23 +/- 0.46 and 1.7 +/- 0.51 [PV=0.8], respectively; these figures for boys were 1.43 +/- 0.51 and 1.19 +/- 0.39 [PV=0.1], respectively. The means of total height increment [Cm] among girls, in the PG and ZG groups were 8.28 +/- 2.23 and 9.64 +/- 1.7 [PV=0.02], respectively; these figures for boys were 8.34 +/- 3.14 and 11.7 +/- 1.96 [PV=0.001], respectively. At baseline, stunted rates in the ZG and PG groups were 26.7% and 15% respectively [NS]. However, these rates in the 6th month of intervention in ZG and PG were 2.5 and 20%, respectively [PV= 0.01]. The results of this study showed that administration of 5 mg zinc daily to young children have significant effects on growth, particularly if the interventions are focused on stunted children

[Epidemiologic survey of the self-injury in the male students of Tabriz's high schools and it's related factors]

There are currently no reliable estimates of the prevalence of self-injury among adolescent population. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of self-injury among a sample of 10 grade male students in Tabriz city and to evaluate the associated factors such as demographic and risk taking behaviors. Of all grade-10 male students in Tabriz, 1772 were randomly sampled. A self- administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, self-injury, substance abuse, general risk taking behavior and friends smoking. The influence of different factors on self-injury was evaluated with a logistic regression model. Among 1772 students 76 [4.3%, CI 95%: 3.4-5.3] had self- injury. Eight [10.5%] of them were carving, 4 [5.3%] burning, 9[11.8%] hitting, 27[35.5%] cutting, 7[9.2%] tattooing, 5[6.6%] skin picking and 17[22.4%] bruising. The results indicate that, ever alcohol use [OR= 1.52], having smoker friend [OR= 2.54] and higher smoking stage [OR= 1.85] were factors associated with student's self-injury. This study has shown low prevalence of self-injury and determined some of its risk factors among students. More studies about adolescent population are necessary to approve the observed results of this study and thus allow for a certain generalization of the observations

Unilateral fusion of a mandibular third molar to supernumerary tooth: a case report

Fusion is a developmental anomaly defined as the union of two normally separated tooth buds or the partial splitting of one tooth bud into two buds. Depending on the stage of development, fusion may be either complete or incomplete. The significance of this particular case was that this fusion occurred in a posterior permanent mandibular tooth, while such a manifestation is more reported in maxillary anterior teeth; either in the primary [0.5%] or permanent [0.1%] dentition. The genetic basis for this anomaly is probably autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance. In addition, the essential findings for differential diagnosis include number of teeth, radiography and clinical features

Feasibility of PBL implementation in clinical courses of nursing and midwifery from the viewpoints of faculty members of Tabriz university of medical sciences

Background: PBL, as a teaching method, has a basic role in promoting education level and combining the theoretical and practical knowledge. But there still exist serious obstacles to implementing this educational method

Purpose: To recognize the impediments an obstacle preventing PBL method implementation

Methods: The Subjects studied in this research are all the tutors who taught basic and clinical courses in the faculty of nursing and midwifery in the first and second terms of the year 2001-2002. Choosing subjects was done by using census method and the number of subjects was 33 basic course teachers and 20 clinical course teachers. A questionnaire developed based on the studies' goals was the tool used for collecting data. Data was analysed by means of SPSS/Win 10 Soft ware using descriptive statistics

Results: The 95% of basic course teachers and 93.9% clinical course teachers think of the conditions and facilities needed for implementing PBL as of medium level. Tutors believe that most of the impediments are related to student's lack of group work skills, and the skills needed for making correct communication, and the need for students practical participation in PBL for making them ready and receptive. They also relate most of the strong points to PBL's being efficient in training community - oriented students. The tutors state that performing PBL does not decrease their motivation at all, due to the change in their role from lecturer to facilitator

Conclusion: The Although findings of this research indicate that the conditions needed for implementing PBL exist at present, still there are many obstacles to its performance such as student's lack of group work skills and their disability in making correct interaction, costliness of beginning and marinating PBL, large number of students and lack of tutors