RESUMEN
To demonstrate the distribution of fungal agents responsible for onychomycosis either directly or indirectly in Khoozestan province, south-west of Iran. A retrospective study was performed on the basis of the mycology laboratory records of the patients referred to the Mycology and Parasitology Center of Khoozestan province, Iran, during a period of 11 years [1987-1997]. Nail samples were collected by clipping and scraping. Direct examinations were performed on all specimens. Sabouraud dextrose agar, Sabouraud with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol were used for culture. A total of 2525 persons examined for nail mycotic infection. Women were affected more than men 72.9% and 27.1% respectively, P<0.01]. Of a total of 1085 positive nail cultures, 866 [79.8%] demonstrated Candida albicans, 84[7.7%] Candida species, 22[2.02%] dermatophytes, and 113 [10.4%] moulds. Of the species causing nail dermatophytosis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common [40.9%] whereas of the species causing mould infections, Aspergillus fumigatus was the commonest [38%]. This study showed that Candida albicans might be the most common cause of onychomycosis in Khoozestan, south-west of Iran. A similar situation is observed in neighboring countries