Stress effect on neurons of cingulate gyrus in postweaned albino mice - A histological study.

Stress is a common experience of daily life and all organisms have evolved mechanisms and strategies to deal with crucial alterations in their internal and external environment. Events early in post- weaning life influence brain development and subsequent adult behaviour. This study was conducted to observe neurodegeneration in normal and stressed condition in Postweaning age group of miceExperiments were conducted to investigate the effect of restraint stress and foot shock stress applied for 5 days (short duration) and 21 days (long duration). BALB/ C strain of Albino mice were used. In restraint stress, animals were restrained for 6 hours daily in a restraining device. In foot shock group, animals were given intermittent electric foot shock for 3 hours daily in an electric foot shock apparatus. Animal were sacrificed at the end of stress exposure period along with their age matched control mice and the brains were processed for histological examination both in control and experimental groups. Numbers of v Rao MK, Sushma RK. Stress effect on neurons of cingulate gyrus in study. IAIM, 2015; 2(7): 30-35. - A histological , B2*, Antony Sylvan , SD4, Mohandas Rao K5, Sushma RK Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Ma Associate Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Ma Associate Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Integrated Medicine, Vol. 2, Issue 7, July Copy right © 2015, IAIM, All Rights Reserved. Available online at http://iaimjournal.com/ ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O) 16-06-2015 Accepted on: 24 Nil Conflict of interest: Events early in post adult behaviour. This study was conducted t hours daily in an electric foot shock viable neurons in the cingulate gyrus regions were counted. The data were analysed between the groups. Results of the study revealed neurodegenerative changes in the stressed group compared to control in both the experimental groups. Severe neurodegenerative changes were observed on prolonged exposure to stress.

Regulatory role of cortisone and dietary carbohydrate energy in prepubertal rat mammary gland growth and development.

Role of cortisone and regulated carbohydrate energy in mammary gland growth, based on studies of morphometric and certain growth and energy related biochemical parameters has been evaluated in the adrenalectomized prepubertal female rat. Results showed improvement or restoration of mammary features like fat pad weight, area, duct system and sprouting of end and lateral buds by cortisone treatment from adrenalectomy induced suppressed state. Similarly the hormone rectified the gland nucleic acids, glycogen and rate of tissue oxidation of glucose levels, reduced under adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy caused loss of appetite (33.5% less than normal intake). This amount of diet restriction to normal intact did not affect the gland morphology but reduced nucleic acids, protein, glycogen and glucose oxidation rate. Provision of dextrose mixed diet to the adrenalectomized rats showed variable improvements of these biochemical parameters except the gland protein level in association with increase in appetite. However, cortisone therapy under provision of dextrose supply, restored gland protein level and increased further in nucleic acids, glycogen and glucose oxidation rate. The morphological growth parameters with dextrose and cortisone also showed further improvements. Results suggested that glucocorticoid was essential mammary growth factor during prepubertal ages. The hormone appeared to operate via tissue metabolism and stimulating energy intake through appetite stimulation.

Low grade pyrexia: is it chronic fatigue syndrome?

Eighty seven consecutive patients presenting with prolonged low grade pyrexia (99 degrees-101 +/- F) during 1984-93 were followed up for a mean duration of 2.9 years. Mean age was 37.55 years (SD + 10.16) and 66 (75.8%) were females. Onset of pyrexia was acute in 57 patients and was associated with chilly sensation (42), Fatigue (69), Arthralgias (61), myalgias (55) and several other non specific symptoms. Clinical examination showed paucity of physical signs with 7 patients showing tender lymphadenopathy, 7 showing splenomegaly, 5 hepatomegaly, and 1 phylctenular conjunctivitis. Psychiatric examination was within normal limits. Extensive investigations for any viral or other infection, autoimmune disorder or malignancy were unrewarding. Patients were followed up for an average of 2.9 (2 to 5 years). Thirteen patients had become asymptomatic within one year of onset of symptoms, 38 by two years and 45 by the end of three years. This syndrome may be a variant of chronic fatigue syndrome.

Sarcoma-like nodule in ovarian mucinous tumour (a case report).

Sarcoma-like mural nodule, a morphologically benign epulis-like tumour with osteoid formation in the wall of mucinous tumour of borderline malignancy is described. The pattern simulated those of malignant giant cell tumour of soft part and was considered to be a reactive process that has no effect on the prognosis of the patient. This case, second to be reported from India and is in addition to the other thirteen cases reviewed. The case under report had in addition osteoid-formation which have not been reported in the literature.

Relapse rate in paucibacillary leprosy patients after multidrug therapy in North Arcot District.

Surveillance data from 14,227 paucibacillary (PB) patients who had been released from treatment one year earlier, after completing multidrug therapy (PB regimen) for 6 to 12 months, were analysed to assess relapse rates and the influence of three variables, viz., number of lesions, nerve involvement and duration of treatment. The overall relapse rate at one year of surveillance was acceptably low at 0.34%. Relapse rates were about four times higher when there were many (4-9) lesions, or, when nerve was involved (0.80% cf 0.20%). Extending the duration of treatment beyond 6 months did not reduce the relapse rates significantly in the high risk groups. Detection of PB cases early, before these risk factors become operative, and treating them with MDT would appear to be the best strategy to minimize relapse rates.

Changing picture of leprosy in North Arcot District, Tamil Nadu after M.D.T.

This paper discussed the effect in a 5 year period (1983-88) of MDT on the Leprosy situation in North Arcot District where MDT was started in 1983. The cases at the start of MDT were 68351 and 29511 cases were detected in the year period and the total case load was 97862. Out of this total case load 84810 cases were deleted by RFC, deaths or PL*. The causes for deletions are discussed in detail. The remaining case load at the end of the 5 year period is 13052 or 13.35% of the cases at start. The M.D.T. has definitely played a part in the drastic reduction of the case load since the major number of cases have been deleted as RFC due to cure of the disease and so the future planning of leprosy work when the case load becomes very low is also discussed.