Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells induce angiogenesis by tissue engineering in rats: histological evidence

Objective: therapeutic angiogenesis is employed to induce vascular network formation and improve functional recovery in ischemia. The aim of this study is to find an appropriate method to recover local ischemic conditions

Materials and Methods: in this experimental survey, 20 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200-250 g were randomly divided into four experimental groups respectively: ischemia group in which the femoral artery was transected; phosphate buffer solution group [PBS] in which the femoral artery transected location was immersed with PBS; chitosan [CHIT] group in which the transected location was immersed in a 50 microL CHIT solution; and mast cell transplanted group in which the transected location was immersed with a mixture of 50 microL CHIT and 50 microL PBS that contained 1×10[6] mast cells

Results: on day 14 after surgery, mean numbers of blood vessels of different sizes in the CHIT/mast cell group significantly increased compared to the other experimental groups [P<0.05]

Conclusion: our data suggest that mast cell reconstitution could offer a new approach for therapeutic angiogenesis in cases of peripheral arterial diseases

protective effect of cell wall and cytoplasmic fraction of selenium enriched yeast on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced damage in liver

1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine [DMH] enhances lipid peroxidation rate by tumor mitochondria than normal tissue counterpart and causes many disorders in antioxidant system in liver. It also increases the level of enzymes that metabolize toxin in liver and colon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alteration of liver and its enzymes after DMH injection and evaluate protective effect of cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions of Saccharomyces cereviseae enriched with selenium [Se] on these tissues. Forty eight female rats were prepared and acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for two weeks, and all animals received 1, 2- dimethyl hydrazine chloride [40 mg/kg body weight] twice a week for 4 weeks except healthy control. At first colon carcinoma [aberrant crypt foci] confirmed by light microscope. Then the changes resulting from injection of DMH on liver of animals in initial and advanced stages of colon cancer were examined. In addition, the protective effect of cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions of Selenium-enriched S. cerevisiae were investigated in two phases. First phase in initial stage and second phase in advanced stage of colon cancer were performed respectively. Forty weeks following the first DMH injection, all survived animals were sacrificed. Then, colon and liver removed and exsanguinated by heart puncture. For measuring the levels of enzymes [AST, ALT, and ALP], a commercial kit [Parsazmoon, Iran] and an autoanalyzer [BT 3000 Pluse, Italy] were used. The results showed that subcutaneous injection of DMH increased the ALT, AST, and ALP levels up to 78.5, 161.38, and 275.88 U/L compared to the control, respectively. Moreover, statistical analysis in both phases of experiment revealed that the enzyme levels were decreased in the treated groups in comparison with the DMH-injected group, while the levels of these enzymes were lower in the control group. It should be concluded that administration of cell wall and cytoplasmic fraction prepared from Se-enriched S. cerevisiae could reduce the tissue damages in the livers DMH-injected rats. This beneficial effect would warrant further study on the clinical application of Se-enriched yeast

Early stage of acute coenurosis in Iranian native sheep-case report

Cerebral coenurosis is the intermediary larval stage of Taenia multiceps, which affects intermediate hosts, particularly sheep and goats. In this report, gross and microscopic features of three scarce natural coenurosis cases, a oneyear- old ram and two lambs of 7 month old from a flock are explained. At necropsy, numerous small cysts measuring 5 to 10 mm in diameter were observed on both cerebrum and cerebellum surfaces, likewise multiple deep parts of which. In histopathological examination of the neural tissue, severe tissue destruction, a distinct layer of Gitter cells formation around the cysts, neuronophagia, gliosis and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes were observed. In this early stage of parasite life cycle, larval migration and destruction of tissue, also aggregation of glial cells around the cysts cause a loose connection between cysts and neural tissue

Therapeutic effects of all-trans retinoic acid on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and its role in T-helper lymphocyte responses

Recent studies have demonstrated an essential role for IL-17 in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE]. Furthermore, it has been shown that FoxP3+Treg cells play an important role in the suppression of auto inflammatory reactions. Although, previous studies have determined the immunomodulatory potentials of all-trans-retinoic acid [ATRA], but these immunomodulations have been mostly justified by alteration in Thl/Th2 cytokines. The present study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic effects of ATRA on EAE and its effects on T-helper cells responses. EAE was induced by MOG[35-55] peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant in female C57BL/6 mice. The mice were allocated to two therapeutic groups [n=7 per group]. Treatment with ATRA [500 microg/mouse; every other day] was initiated in treatment group on day 12 when they developed a disability score. EAE controls received vehicle alone with the same schedule. Signs of disease were recorded daily until day 33 when the mice were sacrificed. Splenocytes were tested for proliferation by MTT test, cytokine production by ELISA and FoxP3[+] reg cell frequency by flowcytometry. ATRA significantly reduced the clinical signs of established EAE. Aside from decreasing lymphocytic proliferation [P<0.05], ATRA significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory IL-17 [P<0.005] as well as IFN-gamma [P<0.0005] upon antigen-specific restimulation of splenocytes. FoxP3+Treg cell frequency and IL-10 levels were not altered significantly. However, IFN-gamma to IL-10 and IL-17 to IL-10 ratios decreased significantly [P<0.0005]. Parallel to reducing autoreactive lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in favor of pro-inflammatory cytokines, all-trans-retinoic acid ameliorated established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Functional recovery of sciatic nerve through inside-out vein graft in rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Present study aimed at further comprehensive functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration using rat sciatic nerve transection model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap was created in rats. In control group nerve stumps were sutured to adjacent muscle and in treatment group the gap was bridged using an inside-out vein graft. In sham-operated group the nerve was manipulated and left intact. All animals underwent walking track analysis test 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Subsequently, muscle mass measurement was performed to assess reenervation, histological examination to observe the sciatic nerve regeneration morphologically and immunohistochemistry to detect Schwann cells using anti S-100. Results were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA with two between-subjects factors. Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons was used to examine the effect of treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Functional analysis of myelinated nerve fibers showed that nerve function improved significantly in the time course in treatment group. However, quantitative morphometrical analysis of myelinated nerve fibers showed that there was no significant difference between 8 and 12 weeks in treatment group. Muscle weight ratio was bigger and weight loss of the gastrocnemius muscle was ameliorated by inside-out vein grafting. The position of positive immunohistochemical reactions further implied that regenerated axons and Schwann cell-like cells existed after vein grafting was performed, and was accompanied by the process of myelination and structural recovery of regenerated nerves.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Functional analysis of peripheral nerve repair is far more reliable than quantitative morphometrical analysis.</p>

Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction improves tendon healing in rabbits / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the potential effects of uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction on tendon healing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty five adult male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5-3.0 kg were used. Five rabbits were used as donors of adipose tissue and the rest were divided into control and treatment groups. The injury model was completed by unilateral tenotomy through the middle one third of deep digital flexor tendon. Immediately after suture repair, either fresh stromal vascular fraction from enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue or placebo was intratendinously injected at tendon stumps in treatment and control groups, respectively. Immobilization with cast was continued for two weeks after surgery. Animals were sacrificed at eight weeks after surgery and tendons underwent histological, immunohistochemical, and mechanical evaluations. Statistical analyses of quantitative and qualitative data were assessed using one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histological evaluations demonstrated superior fibrillar linearity and continuity, and decreased vascularity in treatment group indicated improved organization and remodeling of neotendons. Immunohistochemistry de- monstrated a significant increase in collagen I expression in treatment group. Ultimate load and energy absorption capacity were both significantly increased in cell-treated repairs compared with controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study shows that intratendinous injection of uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction results in improved structural and mechanical properties of tendon repairs and it could be an effective modality for treating tendon injury.</p>