RESUMEN
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2022 at College of Agriculture, Kalaburagi to evaluate the effect of dates of sowing and plant geometry on yield and economics of ricebean. The experiment was laid out in Split plot design with three replications. The experiment was comprised of two factors viz., dates of sowing in main plot with four dates i.e. second fortnight of July, first fortnight of August, second fortnight of August and first fortnight of September and spacing in sub plot with three plant geometry i.e. 30 cm x 10 cm, 45 cm x 10 cm and 60 cm x 10 cm. The results of the experiment indicated that ricebean sown during first fortnight of August recorded significantly higher seed yield and stover yield (1016 kg ha-1 and 2574 kg ha-1, respectively) besides higher gross returns (?. 63547 ha-1), net returns (?. 39300 ha-1) and Benefit Cost ratio (2.62). Among different plant geometry, 30 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher seed and stover yield (1009 kg ha-1 and 2302 kg ha-1, respectively) besides higher gross returns (?. 62852 ha-1), net returns (? 38205 ha-1) and BC ratio (2.55). Further, it was onpar with 45 cm x 10 cm plant geometry (989 kg ha-1, 2253 kg ha-1, ?. 61583 ha-1, ?. 37355 ha-1 & 2.54, seed yield, stover yield, gross returns, net returns & BC ratio, respectively). The interaction between dates of sowing and plant geometry on yield attributes, yield and economics was found non significant.
RESUMEN
In the Kharif grain sorghum growing areas of Karnataka, the sorghum production suffers greatly due to weed problem, which offers limitations to crop. It was found that weed infestation become unmanageable throughout the growing period by the traditional methods of interculturing and manual weeding due to continuous and heavy rains during entire vegetative and early reproductive stages of Kharif sorghum. Hence, integration of herbicides with some cultural operations and use of pre-emergence, post-emergence herbicides in combination with mechanical methods can prove to be more successful. A field experiment entitled “Weed management in kharif grain sorghum” was conducted during Kharif 2019 at ARS, Hagari in deep black soil with neutral reaction (pH 7.50), organic carbon (5.5 g kg-1), available nitrogen (248.00 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (36.75 kg ha-1) and available potassium (312.00 kg ha-1). An experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were fourteen treatments comprising of weed management practices. The dominant weeds observed in the experimental fields were among grasses Brachiaria reptans, while in broad leaved weeds, Amaranthus viridis and among sedges, Cyperus rotundus. Significantly lower population of grasses, sedges, and broad leaved weeds, weed dry weight, weed index (%) and higher weed control efficiency throughout the crop growth period was noticed in sequential pre-emergence application of atrazine 50 WP @ 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb 2,4-D Na Salt 80 WP @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAS except weed free treatment. Atrazine 50 WP @ 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb 2,4-D Na Salt 80 WP @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio (160.8 cm, 183.4 gplant-1, 24.1 dm2 plant-1, 30.53 g, 4195 kg ha-1, 9891 kg ha-1, 29.80 %, Rs. 1,03,675ha-1, Rs. 71,636 ha-1and 3.24, respectively) except weed free and it was on par with atrazine 50 WP @ 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb IC at 25 DAS and HW at 25 DAS and IC at 40 DAS.
RESUMEN
Aims: Foliar nutrition is aimed to eliminate the problems of fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar nutrition is being recognized as a significant way of fertilizing modern agriculture, especially under rainfed conditions. Nano fertilizers because of smaller size and higher surface area are efficient as compared to conventional and produce better results when used in combined form.Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in medium black soils at Agricultural Research Station, Hagari, during Kharif 2022.Methodology: There were ten treatment combinations, consisting of different doses of RDF (50 % RNP, 75 % RNP and 100 % RDF and absolute control) with different doses of nano urea and Dap sprayed at 30 and 45 DAS for CSH-16 hybrid of sorghum.Results: Application of 75% RNP as basal + nano urea & DAP spray @ 1.5 ml l-1 each at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher number of leaves, leaf area and leaf area index. It also produced higher earhead length (35.9 cm), number of grains earhead-1 (2207), grain weight (57 g plant-1) and test weight (29.3 g 1000 grains-1). Nutrient content and uptake also showed higher values for the same treatment along with the nutrient use efficiency indices. Whereas, significant reduction in soil microbes was noticed by the application of treatment.Conclusion: Combined application of conventional and nano fertilizers helped to increase growth, growth attributes like number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, yield attributes, nutrient content, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of sorghum.
RESUMEN
Rice lines need to be grown and evaluated for yield under different agro-ecological locations to identify stable and high-yielding lines for deployment in breeding programs. With this aim, a set of rice germplasm was evaluated for G×E in four different environments (E1-Dadesuguru-Wet 2020, E2-ICAR–IIRR-Dry 2019, E3-ICAR–IIRR-Wet 2020, E4-ICAR–IIRR-Dry 2020). The experimental trial was laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications at each location for 118 rice lines. Data on yield per plant was analyzed using the Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype, and Genotype × Environment Interaction (GGE) models. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) manifested significant variations for tested genotypes, locations, years, genotype × year, and genotype × location interactions revealing the influence of environmental factors on yield traits. All four environments showed discrimination power, whereas E2 and E3 were found as the representative environment as they fall near the Average-Environment axis (AEA). The AMMI biplot PC1 contributed 79.20% variability and PC2 contributed 15.18% variability. From the GGE biplot analysis, the rice lines Phouren, JBB-631-1, and JBB-1325 were found to be the best and most stable. The rice lines Phouren, PUP-229, and TI-112 were stable in the first sub-group Dhadesugur-Wet 2020 (E1). The rice lines Langphou, and NPK-45 were stable in the second sub-group ICAR-IIRR-Wet 2020 (E3). Environment ICAR-IIRR-Dry 2019 (E2) was the third subgroup and the rice lines Moirangphou-Yenthik and TI-3 topped for the same. The ICAR IIRR-Dry 2020 (E4) environment formed the fourth subgroup where Phouren-Amubi, TI-128 and JBB-1325 topped the season. In conclusion, this study revealed that G × E interactions are significant for yield variation, and its AMMI and biplots analysis are efficient tools for visualizing the response of genotypes to different locations.