RESUMEN
The study was conducted to identify rainfall deviation thresholds based on water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) in pulses for monitoring water stress due to drought during kharif season in Telangana. The districts of Medak, Warangal and Mahabubnagar with major areas under blackgram, greengram and redgram crops, respectively were considered as study area. The rainfall deviation frequency was estimated in 20 representative sites under each crop and accordingly WRSI was calculated. The rainfall and WRSI estimated were related for their dependability in the estimation of water stress occurring due to drought during kharif season in the crops under study. Based on rainfall frequency, the rainfall was deficit for blackgram and normal for greengram and redgram in most of the study period. WRSI predicted mediocre growth of blackgram and average to good growth of greengram and redgram. The total explained variation in the prediction of crop performance by WRSI index in relation to rainfall was 0.26 to 0.77 for blackgram, 0.57 to 0.96 for redgram, 0.35 to 0.94 for greengram during the study period. The rainfall deviation thresholds were identified irrespective of soil type and depth in blackgram. Whereas, in case of greengram and redgram, the thresholds varied with soil type and depth.
RESUMEN
Abstract Leishmaniasis is transmitted by sandfly which carries the intracellular protozoa in their midgut. Among visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral type that is caused by Leishmania donovani is the most lethal one. Findings of leishmanial structure and species took place in 19th century and was initiated by Donovan. Leishmaniasis is still a major concern of health issues in many endemic countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the Mediterranean region. Worldwide1.5-2 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis are reported each year. Leishmaniasis is endemic in nearly 90 countries worldwide and close to 12 million new cases of leishmaniasis are reported worldwide annually. Studies on antileishmanial drug development is of major concern as leishmaniasis are the second largest parasitic killer in the world and the available drugs are either toxic or costly. The major surface GP63 protease, also known as Zinc- metalloproteases present on the surface of leishmanial promastigotes, can be targeted for drug development. Protease inhibitors targeting such surface proteases show promising results. Different protease inhibitors have been isolated from marine actinobacteria against many infectious diseases. Metabolites produced by these actinobacteria may have greater importance for the discovery and development of new antileishmanial drugs. Hence, this review discusses the background, current situation, treatment, and protease inhibitors from marine actinobacteria for drug development against GP63 molecules.
RESUMEN
Corticosteroids (Cs) are used widely for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However their long-term administration may lead to impaired periodontal health. The aim of the present study was to clinically assess the periodontal status in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Periodontal health of 100 patients under long-term corticosteroid therapy for a minimum of 6 months duration was compared with sex- and age-matched 100 healthy controls. The periodontal examination included measuring oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The results showed that mean values of OHI-S, GI and SBI did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between cases and controls. Mean PPD and CAL was significantly higher in cases when compared to the controls (p = 0.0003). Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between periodontal status and long term steroid therapy.