Delineating asthma according to inflammation phenotypes with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the differences in pathophysiology and phenotypic symptomology make a diagnosis of "asthma" too broad hindering individualized treatment. Four asthmatic inflammatory phenotypes have been identified based on inflammatory cell profiles in sputum: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed-granulocytic. Paucigranulocytic asthma may be one of the most common phenotypes in stable asthmatic patients, yet it remains much less studied than the other inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding of paucigranulocytic asthma in terms of phenotypic discrimination, distribution, stability, surrogate biomarkers, underlying pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and current therapies is fragmented, which impedes clinical management of patients. This review brings together existing knowledge and ongoing research about asthma phenotypes, with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma, in order to present a comprehensive picture that may clarify specific inflammatory phenotypes and thus improve clinical diagnoses and disease management.

Distribution of PSD95 and GluA2 subunit during maturation of primary hippocampal neurons / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the distribution of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit during the maturation of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. Methods Cultured rat hippocampal neurons at 4(days in vitro, DIV), 7DIV, 14DIV and 20DIV were used in an immunofluorescence assay to test co-localization of PSD95 and GluA2 by laser confocal microscope at a magnification of 60 ×. Results PSD95 puncta were gradually distributed densely in dendrites and dendritic spines during neuron maturation progresses. GluA2 subunits were uniformly distributed in the cell body, axons, dendrites and dendritic spines. The Pearson' s correlation of PSD95 and GluA2 was 0. 830 ±0. 033 and 0. 734 ±0. 019 respectively at the dendrites of 4DIV and 7DIV neurons, which showed strong co-localization. While at the dendrites of 14DIV and 20DIV neurons, a moderate correlation was demonstrated by the Pearson correlation 0. 547 ± 0. 021 and 0. 574 ± 0. 024. Conclusions GluA2 has no specific intracellular distribution during neuron maturation, while the functional localization of PSD95 depends on the appearance of dendritic spines. The co-localization of GluA2 with PSD95 in dendritic spines suggests that there are stable synapses containing AMPA receptors.

Investigation of the Utilization of Venous Infusion in Second-class and Upwards Hospitals in Suzhou in 2016 / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utilization of venous infusion before and after abolishing intravenous infusion of antibacterial drugs in second-class and upwards hospitals in Suzhou.METHODS: The current status of intravenous infusion in second-class and upwards hospitals in Suzhou in 2016 and 2017 was statistically analyzed. With hospital information system, the infusion ratio and top ten infusion drugs in the emergency, out-patients and in-patients were summarized.RESULTS: The infusion ratio was 6.33% in out-patients, 28.85% in emergency, and 83.16% in-patients.CONCLUSION: The ratio of infusion is high in second-class and upwards hospitals in Suzhou, particularly in in-patients. There are many kinds of infusion drugs and the use of high price electrolytes and adjuvant therapy infusion is increasing.

Effect of sodium valproate on lipid metabolism in children with epilepsy and its mechanisms / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of sodium valproate on lipid metabolism in children with epilepsy and investigate the potential mechanisms. METHODS: The body mass index(BMI), the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C, apolipoprotein AI(ApoAI) and apolipoprotein B(ApoB) of epilepsy children treated with sodium valproate after different time were measured.The gene expression of PPARγ in children's peripheral blood was examined by Realtime-PCR. RESULTS: The epilepsy children's BMI, the levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C and AproB were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) after treatment with sodium valproate different time.The liver function has significant difference between untreated epilepsy children and epilepsy children treated with sodium valproate more than one year. Sodium valproate could significantly increase the mRNA expression of PPARγ(P<0.05) in epilepsy children. CONCLUSION: Sodium valproate has effect on lipid metabolism in epilepsy children and the mechanisms might be associated with its regulation of the PPARγ mRNA expression.

Regulation of SREBPs and its research progress in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver / 中国药理学通报

Nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)is characterized by the hepatocyte steatosis and lipid accumulation,and is a clinical syndrome of unrelated to excessive alcohol consumption. At present,patients with the syndrome obviously increase in the whole world. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are the key transcription factors of controlling the biosynthesis of cholesterol,fatty acids and triglycerides,and adipocyte differentiation. In this paper,the regulation of SREBPs and its research progress in the development of NAFL were reviewed.